Amirul Muminin (Laƙabi)

Daga wikishia
Wannan wani rubutu ne da aka yi shi yana magana ne game da laƙabin Amirul Muminin. Ga Imamin`yan Shi'a na farko, duba Imam Ali (A.S).

Amirul Muminin (Larabci: أمير المؤمنين (لقب)) laƙabi ne da `yan Shi'a ke ganin an keɓe shi ne ga Sayyidina Ali (A.S), kuma `yan Shi'a ba sa amfani da shi ga sauran Imamai Ma'asumai. A cewar `yan Shi'a, an fara amfani da wannan laƙabi ne ga Ali Bn Abi Ɗalib a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W). Kamar yadda Sheikh Mufid ɗaya daga cikin malaman shi'a a ƙarni na biyar, ya ce Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya gabatar da Ali Ibn Abi Ɗalib a matsayin magajinsa kuma shugaban musulmi a waƙi'ar Ghadir, ya kuma buƙaci kowa ya yiwa Ali (a. (S.A.W) bai'a, tare da laƙabin Amirul Muminin. A kan hakan an kawo ruwayoyin Ummu Salama (Matar Manzon Allah (S.A.W) da Anas bin Malik don nuna yadda aka dinga amfani da sunan Amirul Muminina har ma a zamanin Manzon Allah ga Imam Ali (A.S). Sai dai duk da haka Ibn Khaldun (ya rasu a shekara ta 808 bayan hijira), ɗaya daga cikin malaman tarihi na Ahlus-', yana da'awar cewa Sahabbai ne suka fara yin amfani da wannan laƙabi ga Umar Bin Khaɗɗab a karon farko. Wannan iƙirarin ya sabawa ruwayoyin da aka ruwaito a madogaran Ahlus-', kuma a cikinsu an bayyana Siffantawar da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya yi ga Imam Ali da Amirul Muminin.

Sanin Mafhumi

Amirul Muminina yana nufin sarki da kwamanda kuma shugaban musulmi[1]`yan Shi'a sun yi imani da cewa wannan siffa ce ta Imam Ali (A.S) kawai, kuma a bisa hadisai sun nisanci yin amfani da shi ga sauran Imamai Ma'asumai[2].

Kamar yadda ya zo a cikin Mafatih al-jinan, anyi nasiha ga`yan Shi'a da su dinga zikiri na musamman a ranar Ghadir, idan suka haɗu da juna, wanda a cikinsa ake jadda da riƙo da wilayar Amirul Mu'uminin.[3]

Kiran Ali Da Laƙabin Amirul Muminin Daga Bakin Annabi (S.A.W)

Allon zane-zane Amir al-Mominin na Ali Khairi, mawallafin littafin Isfahani

A cewar`yan Shi'a, farkon amfani da sunan Amirul Muminina ya fito ne daga bakin Manzon Allah (S.A.W) wanda ya kira imam Ali Ibn Abi Ɗalib da shi, to amma saboda kasancewar Imam Ali (A.S) ya nisance zamanin halifancinsa, sai ake kiran halifofi na biyu da na uku da wannan sunan.[4]

Dangane da haka`yan shi'a suna nuni da hadisan da suka zo a majiyoyin Shi'a da ahlus-sunna. Kamar yadda aka ruwaito daga Ummu Salama[5] da kuma Anas Ɗan Malik, Annabi ya ambaci Ali Ibn Abi Ɗalib da Amirul Muminin a wata tattaunawa da wasu matansa guda biyu.[6]

Haka nan, kamar yanda wasu ruwayoyi da dama da Ibn Mardawiya Esfahani ɗaya daga cikin malaman ahlus-' ya kawo a cikin littafinsa Manaƙib, Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya siffanta Imam Ali (A.S) da laƙaBn Amirul Muminina sau da yawa. A ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan hadisai an bayyana cewa, Jibrilu ma ya kira Ali (A.S) Amirul Muminin a wajen Manzon Allah.[7] Haka nan kuma ya zo a cikin hadisai na Shi'a cewa a waki'ar ghadir Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya gabatar da Ali (A.S) a matsayin magajinsa kuma shugaban dukkan musulmi, ya kuma buƙaci kowa da kowa ya gaisuwa ga Ali da lakabin “Sarkin Muminai”. A kan haka ne musulmi suka bi umurnin Manzon Allah (S.A.W) sukai layi rukuni-rukuni, suka yi masa bai'a kamar yadda Annabi ya umarce su,[8] Abubakar da Umar da Ɗalha da Zubairu na daga cikin waɗanda suka amsa buƙatar Manzon Allah (S.A.W).[9] A kan tabbatar da laƙabin Amirul Muminin ga Imam Ali (A.S), `yan Shi'a suna nuni da wata magana da Umar Bin Khaɗɗab ya yi, a waƙi'ar Ghadir.inda ya ce Ali Jagoran dukkan muminai maza da mata ne[10] a ganin wasu amfani da kalmar mu'umin a cikin wannan maganar na nufin karɓar sunan Amirul Muminin ga Imam Ali (A.S)[11]

Ra'ayin Ibn Khaldun A Kan Farkon Fara Amfani Da Kalmar Amirul Muminin

Ibn Khaldun (ya rasu a shekara ta 808 bayan hijira), masanin tarihi na Ahlus-' ya ce : game da asalin laƙabin Amirul Muminin a zamanin halifa na biyu da kuma amfani da sunan ga Umar Bn Khaɗɗab: Sahabbai suna kiran Abubakar da halifan Manzon Allah (S.A.W).bayansa ana kiran Umar Bn Khaɗɗab da halifan Manzon Allah (S.A.W), amma saboda wannan kalma tana da nauyi, sai ya zama ɗaya daga cikin Sahabbai, wanda ake ganin Abdullahi Ɗan Jahash, ko Amru Ɗan Asi, ko kuma, Mugira Ɗan Shu'uba, ko Abu Musal Ash'ari, ya yi wa Umar laƙabi da Amirul Muminin, don haka Sahabbai suka so kuma suka yarda da sunan[12] kuma kamar yadda wasu rahotanni suka ce, shima halifa na biyu ya taka rawa a cikin kiranshi da wannan suna[13] Kamar yadda Yaƙubi wani masanin tarihi a ƙarni na uku ya ce, wannan lamari yana da alaƙa da shekara ta 18 bayan hijira[14] Tabbas a mahangar Ahlus-' Imam Ali (A.S) ta siffanta da wannan laƙabi daga bakin Manzon Allah (S.A.W)[15] Har ila yau, a cewar wasu mawallafa, saboda Ibn Khaldun ya yi imani da fifikon Shaikhaini (Abubakar da umar), ya yi ƙoƙarin ɗaga darajar halifofi uku, ya sanya khalifofin Umayyawa da na Abbasiyawa ta hanyar cirewa, raunata da daidaita sunan Imam Ali (A.S) da sunansu da sanya shi a sahun khalifofin Umayyawa da Abbasiyawa[16]

Kamar yadda Ibn Khaldun ya ce, a lokacin ana kiran Kwamandojin sojoji Amir, Sahabbai ma suna kiran Sa'ad Bin Abi Waƙƙas da Amirul-muminin , wanda shi ne Kwamandan rundunar musulmi a yaƙin ƙadisiyya (14 Hijiriyya),[17] Haka kuma, a cikin gwamnatocin musulmi bayan Annabi (S.A.W), ana amfani da laƙabin Amirul Muminina a siyasance, kuma a ko da yaushe ana amfani da shi wajen nuni ga halifofin farko (ban da Abubakar), da halifofin Umayyawa da Abbasiyawa.[18]

Nazari

Sayyid Ibn Ɗawus, Muhaddisin Shi'a a ƙarni na bakwai, ya rubuta littafi mai suna Al-yaƙin bikhtisasu maulana Ali bi Amirul-Mu'uminin. A cikin wannan littafi, ya yi dogaro da hadisai 220 daga majiyoyin ahlu-', ya tabbatar da laƙabin Amirul Muminin ga Imam Ali ((A.S)[19] kuma a ra'ayinsa, Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ne ya sanya wa Ali Bn Abi Ɗalib (A.S) wannan laƙabin.[20]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Dayiratul Almarif Tashayyu, 1368, Madkha Amir al-Mu'minin, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 522.
  2. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 37, shafi na 334; Hurru Ameli, wasa'il al-Shia, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 600.
  3. ↑ ƙommi, Mufatih Al-Jannan, ƙarƙashin ayyukan 18 ga watan Zul-Hijjah.
  4. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-Irshad, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 48; Ibn Ughda Kufi, Fadael Amirul Mominin, 1379, shafi na 13; Duba kuma: Ibn Asaker, Tarikh Madinati Damashƙ, 1425 AH, Juzu'i na 42, shafi na 303 da 386; Abu Naim Isfahani, Hiliyatu Al-Awliya, 1407 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 63.
  5. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-Irshad, 1413 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 48.
  6. ↑ Ibn Asaker, Tarikh Madinati Dimashk, 1425 Hijira, juzu'i na 42, shafi na 303 da 386; Sheikh Mofid, Al-Irshad, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 48; Abu Naim Isfahani, Hiliyatu Al-Awliya, 1407 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 63.
  7. ↑ Ibn Mardowieh, Manaƙib, 2013, shafi na 62-64.
  8. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-Irshad, 1413 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 176
  9. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-Irshad, 1413 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 48.
  10. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-Irshad, 1413 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 177.
  11. ↑ Montazeri-Moghadam, "Barasi Karburde laƙabe Amir al-Mu'minin dar bastari tarikh Islam", shafi na 136.
  12. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Diwan al-Mubatada wa al-Khobar, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 283.
  13. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, Beirut, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 208.
  14. ↑ Yaƙoubi, Tarikh Eliaƙoubi, Dar Sader, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 150.
  15. ↑ Ibn Asaker, Tarikh Madinati Damashƙ, 1425 Hijira, juzu'i na 42, shafi na 303 da 386.
  16. ↑ Ummu Talab, “Dabari dar Andishehaye Ibn Khaldun darbaraye Imam Ali (a.s) wa mas’aleh Khilafat”, shafi na 92.
  17. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Diwan al-Mubatada wa al-Khobar, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 283.
  18. ↑ Ibn Khaldoun, Diwan al-Mubatada wa al-Khobar, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 283.
  19. ↑ Tadaghi Masoumi, Noor Al-Amir Fi Taƙbal Al-Ghadir Khutbah, 1379, shafi na 97.
  20. ↑ <a class="eɗternal teɗt" href="http://hadith.net/post/55306/">«الیقین باختصاص مولانا علی(ع) بامره المؤمنین»</a>

Nassoshi

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