Musulmi

Daga wikishia

Musulmi (Larabci: المسلم) shi ne mutumin da ya yi Imani da koyarwar Addinin Muslunci sannan kuma yake aiki da koyarwar, a ra’ayin Malaman fikhu na Shi’a, mutum yana zama Musulmi ta hanyar furta Kalmar Shahada guda biyu sannan yana tafiya ne kan asasin hukunce-hukuncen Daharar gangar jiki, da kuma mutunta rai da dukiya da mutunci da ingancin Ibada, Imani da Tauhidi da Annabta da Ma'ad (ranar lahira) suna daga akidun da dukkanin musulmai suka yi tarayya cikin su, Sallah, Azumi, Hajji, da ba’arin wasu ayyukan ibada musulmai sun yi tarayya cikin su, Malaman tarihi sun nakalto cewa Hazrat Ali (A.S) da hazrat Khadija (S) sune farkon wanda suka fara muslunta.

Bisa dogara da bayanai da cibiyar bincike ta (PEW) sun bayyana ceewa adadin al’ummar musulmai a fadin duniya a shekarar 2015 ya kai kusan mutum Bilyan daya da miliyan dari bakwai da hamsin da biyu da dunu dari shida da ashirin, sannan addinin muslunci shi ne addini na biyu a yawan mabiya bayan addinin Kiristanci, bisa binciken wannan cibiya kashi biyu cikin uku na Musulmai suna rayuwa ne a yankin Asiya da Akyanusiya (0ceania). Musulmi yana nufin wanda ya sallamawa dukkanin umarnin ubangiji, hatta cikin Alkur’ani Kalmar da wannan ma’anar ta zo.

Mahalli da takaitaccen tarihi

Addinin muslunci a shekara 610 m, a garin Makka da yake Yankin Jazirar larabawa an aiko Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) da Annabta, sannan ana kiran mabiyan sa da sunan Musulmai. [1] an nakalto cewa Hazrat Hazrat Ali (A.S) Imami na farko ga yan shi’a da Hazrat Khadija (A.S) matar Annabi sune mutane na farko da suka karbi muslunci. [2] Malamin tarihi Ibn Hisham a cikin littafinsa Siratun Nabawiyya ya nakalto cewa bayan Imam Ali (A.S) akwai mutane misalin Zaidu Bn Harisa, Abukakar Bn Abi Kuhafa, Usman Bn Affan, Sa’ad Bn Abi Wakas, Zubairu Bn Awwam, Abdur-Rahman Bn Aufi, da Dalhatu Bn Ubaidullahi dukkanin sun karbi Muslunci. [3] Magana ta zo kan taken Musulmi ko muslunci a wasu ba’arin riwayoyin Babukan fikhu [4] galibin su babukan fikhu ne misalin, Dahara,Sallah,Zakka,Azumi,Hajji,Jihadi, Kasuwanci, Wakilci,Wasicci,Aure, Farauta da Yanka, Raya Matattu,Haddi, Kisasi. [5] Musulmi shi ne wanda Musulmi suka kubuta daga sharrin harshen sa da hannun sa

Sanin Kalma

gutsiren kyakkyawan zanen rubutun hadisin "Musulmi shi ne wanda mutane suka kubuta daga harshensa da hannunsa.

Larabawan kauye sun ce mun yi Imani ka ce musu baku yi Imani ba sai dai cewa ku ce mun mika wuya kuma har yanzu Imani bai shiga zukatan ku ba. [6] Musulmai suna ne ga mutane da suka yi Imani da kowayrwar Muslunci kuma suke aiki da su. [7] wasu Malamai sun tafi kan cewa ana kiran duk mutumin da ya shiga addinin muslunci ya mika wuya ga Annabin Musulunci (S.A.W) da sunan Musulmi. [8] Kalmar Musulmi ta zo cikin Alkur’ani a wurare fiye da guda 40 da ma’ana biyu kebantacciyar ma’ana da gamammiyar ma’ana,[9] ana amfani da ita a kan wanda ya mika wuya ga dukkanin umarnin Ubangiji ya kuma yi Imani da tsantsar Tauhidi kuma bai cudanya da dukkanin Shirka da bautar gumaka ba.[10] ana amfani da Kalmar cikin kebantacciar ma’ana kan mutumin da ya muslunta ya kuma yi Imani da Muhammad (S.A.W) [11] a matsayin bawan sa kuma Manzon sa.

Banbanci Mumini da Musulmi

قَالَتِ الْأَعْرَابُ آمَنَّا ۖ قُلْ لَمْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا أَسْلَمْنَا وَلَمَّا يَدْخُلِ الْإِيمَانُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ؛

Larabawan Kauye suka ce mun yi imani. Ka ce: “Ba ku yi ĩmãni ba, amma ku ce: “Mun mika wuya. Domin har yanzu imani bai shiga cikin zukatanku ba

[12]

Malaman fikhu bisa la’akari da ayoyin. Kur’ani da riwayoyi sun tafi kan cewa akwai banbancin ma’ana tsakanin Mumini da Musulmi [13] da wannan bayani ne ana amfani da Kalmar Mumini a gamammiyar ma’ana ga mutumin da cikin zuciyarsa ya kudurce Imani da dukkanin abin da ya zo daga Annabi (S.A.W) kuma ya furta shi a kan harshensa [14] a daidai lokacin da zama Musulmi ya takaitu da furta kalmar Shahada guda biyu [15] Mumini a kebantacciyar ma’ana a mahangar Malaman shi’a shi ne wanda ya yi Imani da imamanci da wilayar Imaman Shi’a. [16]

Hususiyar Musulmi a cikin riwaya

A ba’arin wasu riwayoyi da suka kunshi Aklak, an ambaci wasu hususiya na hakika ga Musulmi. [17] alal misali akwai wata riwaya da aka nakalto ta daga Annabi (S.A.W) Musulmi na hakika shi ne wanda mutane suka kubuta daga sharrin harshen sa da hannunsa. [18] Imam Ali (A.S) 18 a wata riwaya yace hikima mutunci gaskiya da kuma tilawar Alkur’ani, soyayya da kiyayya don Allah, sanin wilayar Ahlil-baiti (A.S) kiyaye hakkokin mutane, kyautata makotantaka da mutane duka wadannan abubuwa suna daga hususiyar Musulmi na hakika [19]

Imam Rida (a.s): Hankalin Musulmi baya cika sai ya kasance yana da siffofi goma: 1-ya zamana a fatan alheri daga gare shi. 2-mutane su aminta daga sharrin sa. 3- kankanin alherin wasunsa ya kidaya shi a matsayin mai yawa. 4- ya dinga ganin alherin sa matsayin wanda bai wuce cikin cokali ba. 5-ka da yaji damuwa daga abin da mutane suka bukatu daga gare shi suka nema daga wurin sa. 6-ka da ya gaji da neman ilimi a rayuwar sa. 7- ya fifita talauci cikin hanyar Allah a kan wadata. 8-ya zama ya fi son kaskanci cikin hanyar Allah fiye da daukaka tare da Makiya Allah. 9-ya zama yafi son buyan suna fiye shahara. 10- sannan yace: abu na goma meye abu na goma ? suka ce to menene na goman? Sai yace: kada ka sake kaga wani face kace hakika ya fifice ni yafi ni tsantseni.

Nahjul Balaga, Tarjame Shahidi, shafi na 240

Asalan addini

Wasu ba’ari daga Asalan Akida da dukkanin musulmai suka yi tarayya cikin su, sune kamar haka:

  • Tauhidi: Asali na tushen Akidar dukkanin Musulmai [20] bisa imanin dukkanin Musulmai Ubangiji shi ne mahalicci duniya kuma bashi da abokin tarayya. [21]
  • Ma'ad: Imani da dawowar rai gangar jiki a ranar Alkiyama da kuma kara dawo da shi a raye domin ya karbi sakamakon ayyukan da yayi a gidan duniya, wanda ya kyautata aiki a saka masa da gidan Aljanna wanda kuma ya munana a kai shi wuta. [22]
  • Annabta: imanin Musulmai da Annabta da farko Magana ce kamar haka: Allah ya zabi Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) da Annabta [23] na biyu: an masa Wahayin Alkur’ani daga Allah, [24] na uku: babu wani Annabi da zai zo bayansa. [25]

Ayyukan ibada

Rassan addini Yana daga cikin mafi muhimmancin ayyukan ibada da dukkanin Musulmai suka yi tarayya cikin su, samfurin su shi ne kamar haka:

  • Sallah: Wajibi ce kan dukkanin Musulmai a kowace rana suna sallatar raka’a 17. [26] wannan raka’a guda 17 ana kiran su da sallolin Rana [27] sune kamar haka: raka’a 2 da Sallar Asubahi, raka’a 4 da Azuhur, raka’a 4 La’asar, raka’a 3 Magariba, raka 4 Isha’i, [28]
  • Azumi: wajibi kan dukkanin Musulmai ana yinsa tsawon wata daya a watan Ramadan, ana kamewa daga ci da sha da sauran Abubuwan da suke karya Azumi daga lokacin kiran sallar Asubahi zuwa kiran sallar Magariba. [29]
  • Hajji: dukkanin Musulmi bayan ciki sharudda wajibi yaje aikin Hajji sau daya a tsawon rayuwarsa. [30] Aikin hajji wani aiki ne na ibada da yake kasancewa sau daya a watan Zil Hijja, adadi mai tarin yawa daga Musulmai daga kasashe daban-daban suna taruwa domin yin wannan ibada. [31]

Hukunce-hukuncen fikhu

Hoton Kur'ani, Littafin Musulmai mai tsarki

A ra’ayin Malaman fikhun shi’a, da zarar mutum ya furta Kalmar shahada ko kuma tarjamar ta zai zama Musulmi. [32] Shari’ar muslunci ta sanya wasu kufaifayi ga wanda ya zama Musulmi, sune kamar haka: Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) jini na tsira da muslunci ana kuma sauke amana da shi farji na halasta ta hanyar sa ana kuma samun ladan lahira sakamakon Imani da shi. [33]

  • gangar jikin Musulmi da danshin sa duka tsarkakakku ne. [34]
  • rai da dukiya da mutuncin Musulmi suna da alfarma. [35]
  • wajibi ne Musulmi yayi Kaciya ko da kuwa ya tsufa. [36]
  • kasancewa Musulmi cikin ingancin ibada da ayyukan da ingancinsu ya dogara da niyyar neman kusancin Allah sharadi ne. [37]
  • Aure: tsakanin Musulmai da Kafirai baya inganta [38] mace Musulma baya inganta ta auri Ahlil-kitab. [39]
  • Kafiri bai da wilaya da iko a kan Musulmi, bisa dogara da Ka’idar Nafyul Sabil (kore iko) Allah bai sanya kowanne irin hukunci da zai zama sababi da dalilin da zai sa Kafiri samun iko kan Musulmi. [40]
  • a wurin Malaman fikhun shi’a duk wani Musulmi idan ya yi gangancin fadin cewa ni daga yanzu na bar muslunci ko kuma ya yi inkarin daya daga cikin laruran addini, ko kuma ya yi inkarin daya daga cikin ijma’in Musulmi shi’a da sunna to ya yi ridda kuma za a zartar masa hukucin ridda. [41]

Wurare masu tsarki

Hoton Musulmai masu aikin Hajji a Masallacin Harami

Wasu ba’arin wurare masu tsarki a wurin Musulmai sune kamar haka:

Imam Sadik (a.s):

الْإِسْلَامُ يُحْقَنُ بِهِ الدَّمُ وَ تُؤَدَّى بِهِ الْأَمَانَةُ وَ تُسْتَحَلُّ بِهِ الْفُرُوجُ وَ الثَّوَابُ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ؛

Da Muslunci ake kiyaye jinane ake sauke amana, ake halasta farji ake, kuma ladan lahira ana samunsa ne bisa imani

Nahjul Balaga, Tarjame Shahidi, shafi na 240

Al’ummar Musulmi

Bisa dogara da bayanan cibiyar bincike ta (PEW) adadin al’ummar Musulmi a shekara 2015 ya kai Bilyan daya da milyan dari bakwai da hamsin da biyu da dubu dari shida da ashirin. [49] Addinin da yafi kowanne addini mabiya shi ne bayan Kiristanci shi ne muslunci, [50] Bisa bincken wannan cibiya kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na mabiyan muslunci suna yankin Asiya [51] kan asasin adadin da aka fita a shekarar 2015 m kasashe goma ne suka fi kowa yawan adadin Musulmai. Haka kuma adadin musulman kasar Amrika a shekara 2017 ya kai milyan uku da dubu dari hudu da hamsin, kusan kaso daya da digo daya kenan na al’ummar Amrika. [52] Yankin kasashen Turai adadin Musulmi a kiyasin tsakanin shekara 2010 ya kai kusan milyan sha tara da dubu dari biyar ya tsallaka ya karu zuwa milyan ashirin da biyar da dubu dari takwas a shekarar 2016 kusan ya tsallaka daga kashi takwas da digo uku zuwa kashi tara da digo hudu. [53]

Kididdigar Al'ummar Musulmi
Lamba Ƙasa Adadi Ƙididdigar adadi cikin al'umma Ƙasa
1 Indunusiya 219/960/000 kaso 87 cikin 100
2 Indiya 194/810/000 kaso 14 cikin 100
3 Pakistan 184/000/000 kaso 96 cikin 100
4 Bangaladash 144/810/00 kaso 90/6 cikin 100
5 Najeriya 138/000/000 kaso 60 cikin 100
6 Misra 83/870/000 kaso 95 cikin 100
7 Iran 77/650/000 kaso 99/5 cikin 100
8 Turkiyya 75/460/000 kaso 98 cikin 100
9 Aljaza'ir 37/210/000 kaso 97/9 cikin 100
10 Iraki 36/200/000 kaso 99 cikin 100

Firkoki

Firkokin Shi’a da Ahlus-sunna sune masu mafi yawan mabiya daga kungiyoyin Musulmai, bisa dogara da bayanan cibiyar (PEW) sun fitar bayani cewa yan shi’a sun kashi sha uku cikin kaso dari sannan kaso casa’in cikin dari kuma shi’a. [54] a wani rahoton Shi'a sun hada da Imamiyya Isma'iliyya da Zaidiyya a wannan Zamani sun kai kusan Miliyan 3000

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Bahramiyan, “Islam”, shafi na 395.
  2. ↑ Yaqoubi, Tarikh Yaqoubi, Dar Sadir, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 23.
  3. ↑ Misali, duba Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyya, Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 262-273.
  4. ↑ Misali, duba Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 2007, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 68-76.
  5. ↑ Muassateh Dairatu Maref Fiqh Islam, Farhang Fiqh Farsi, 1385, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 511.
  6. ↑ Suratul Hujrat, aya ta 14.
  7. ↑ Makonni, Daneshanameh Akwam Musliman, 2003, Mukaddaima, shafi na 2.
  8. ↑ Seyyed Sharafuddin,Ayineh Hamzisti Musulmanan, 2014, shafi na 34.
  9. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1393 AH, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 328-329.
  10. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Nmuneh, 1374, juzu'i na 2, shafi.703; Mustafavi, Tahaqiq fi Kalemat al-Qur'an, 1368, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 294-295.
  11. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1393 AH, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 328-329.
  12. ↑ Suratul Hujurat Aya ta 14.
  13. ↑ Misali, duba Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 2007, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 68-76.
  14. ↑ Shahid Sani, Masalik Al-Afham, 1423 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 337.
  15. ↑ Alameh Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 65, shafi na 315.
  16. ↑ Shahid Sani, Masalik Al-Afham, 1423 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 338
  17. ↑ Alameh Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 71, shafi na 158-159; Ibn Shuba Harrani, Tohf al-Aqool, 1404 AH, shafi na 196-197.
  18. ↑ Bukhari, Sahihul Bukhari, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 11; Kilini, Al-Kafi, 2007, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 592.
  19. ↑ Ibn Shuba Harrani, Tohf al-Aqool, 1404 AH, shafi na 196-197.
  20. ↑ Yahya, “Sairi mas’ale tauhid dar Alami Islami ta karni haftom Hijiri”, shafi na 196; Safi, Tajalli Tauhid dar Nizameh Imamat, 1392, shafi na 21.
  21. ↑ Karimi, Tauhid Az Didgahe Ayat wa Riwayat, 1379, shafi na 19-20.
  22. ↑ Alameh Majlisi, Haq Al-yaqin, Intisharat Islami, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 369.
  23. ↑ Misali, duba Hilli, Kashf Al-Morad, 1430 AH, shafi na 485-480; Age, Eiji, Sharh Al-Mawakif, 1325 Hijira, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 243-244.
  24. ↑ Motahari,Majmu'eh Asar, 2008, juzu'i na 26, shafi 127.
  25. ↑ Esquii, Nubuwat,1390, shafi na 202-203.
  26. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 12.
  27. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shar'i Al-Islam, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 46.
  28. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 46.
  29. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 139.
  30. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shara’i Al-Islam, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 163; Sheikh Ansari, Kitab al-Hajj, Tarath al-Sheikh al-Azam Ansari, shafi na 6.
  31. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shara’i al-Islam, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 174.
  32. ↑ Alameh Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 65, shafi na 315; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 41, shafi na 630.
  33. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 2007, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 69.
  34. ↑ Dayiratu Maref Fiqh Islami, Farhang Fiqh Farsi, 1385, juzu'i na 1, shafi 513
  35. ↑ Mohagheq Damad,Kawa'id Fikh, 1406 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 213-214.
  36. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 31, shafi na 263.
  37. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 161.
  38. ↑ Shahid Sani, Al-Rawda Al-Bahiya fi Sharh Al-Lama' Al-Damashqiyyah, 1427 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 412.
  39. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 30, shafi na 92.
  40. ↑ Hosseini, Al-Anawin Al-Fiqhiyyah, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 350.
  41. ↑ Hashemi,Dar Babi TAkfir wa Irtidadi, 1400, shafi na 85.
  42. ↑ Kurdi Makki, Kaaba wa Masjid Al-Haram dar Guzare Tarikh, 1378, shafi na 11, gabatarwar littafin.
  43. ↑ Tunae, Farhang Nameh Hajji, 2013, shafi na 885-886.
  44. ↑ Muassaseh Farhang Honari Mashaar nashar, Masjid Al-Nabi (AS), Mashaar Nashar, shafi na 3..
  45. ↑ Muassaseh Farhang Honari Mashaar nashar, Masjid Al-Nabi (AS), Mashaar Nashar, shafi na 3
  46. ↑ Musa Ghosheh, Tarihin Majmu'eh Masjid Al-Aqsa, 1390, shafi na 7.
  47. ↑ Hamidi, Tarihin Urushalima, 1381, shafi na 183.
  48. ↑ Tonei, Farhanga Nameh Hajji, 2013, shafi na 711-710.
  49. ↑ https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/
  50. ↑ https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/31/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/
  51. ↑ <a class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/31/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/">Desilver, «World’s Muslim population more widespread than you might think»، Pew Research Center</a>
  52. ↑ <a class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/31/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/">Desilver, «World’s Muslim population more widespread than you might think»، Pew Research Center</a>
  53. ↑ <a class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/03/new-estimates-show-u-s-muslim-population-continues-to-grow/">Mohamed, New estimates show U.S. Muslim population continues to grow، Pew Research Center</a>
  54. ↑ <a class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/">Hachett, «5facts about the Muslim population in Europe»، Pew Research Center</a>

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  • Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Jawaher Al-Kalam, Beirut, Farfaɗowar Al'adun Larabawa, bugu na 7, 1362.
  • Weeks, Richard,Daneshnameh Akwam Musliman, Masoumeh Ebrahimi da Peyman Mateen suka fassara, Tehran, Amir Kabir Publishing House, 2003.
  • Hashemi, Seyyed Sadra, dar Babi mas’aleh Takfir wa Irtidad, Tehran, Negah Masares, bugu na farko, 1400.
  • Yahya, Othman bin Ismail, “Sairu mas’aleh tauhid dar Alameh islami Ta karni haftom Hijiri”, wanda Alireza Zakavati Karagzlou ya fassara, a mujallar Maarif, lamba ta 16 da 17, Afrilu da Nuwamba 1368.
  • Yaqoubi, Ahmed bin Abi Yaqoob, Tarikh Yakubi, Beirut, Dar Sader, bugu na farko, BTA.

ن اسماعیل، «سیر مسآله توحید در عالم اسلام تا قرن هفتم هجری»، ترجمه علی‌رضا ذکاوتی قراگزلو، در مجله معارف، شماره ۱۶ و ۱۷، فروردین و آبان ۱۳۶۸ش.

  • یعقوبی، احمد بن ابی‌یعقوب، تاریخ الیعقوبی، بیروت، دارصادر، چاپ اول، بی‌تا.

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Center: 3 January 2018, seen at: 5 February 2022.

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