Ismar Sayyada Fatima (S)

Daga wikishia

Ismar sayyada Fatima (S) tsarkaka da katanguwar ƴar Annabi (s.a.w) daga dukkanin zunubi da kuskure, a cewar shaik mufid ismar sayyada Fatima (S) wani abu ne da musulmai suka yi ijma'i a kansa, a cewar allama majlisi ƴan shi'a sun yi ittifaƙi kan wannan batu, abin da ismarta take lazimtawa shi ne cewa tana tare da ba'arin wasu sha'anunnukan annabawa da imamai (a.s) misalin hujjar zantukansu da ayyukansu da abubuwan da suka goyi baya, haka da marja'iyyar addini da cancantar ba da tafsiri da bayani, haka nan tsarin yadda ta rayu a ma'auni na tantance gaskiya daga ƙarya, haka kuma ita abar koyi ce a fagage daban-daban na rayuwa. Daga jumlar dalilan da aka kawo game da ismar sayyada Fatima (S), akwai misalin ayar taɗhir, hadis bad'atu da sauran hadisai da suke shiryarwa kan ismar Ahlul-Baiti (A.S) misalin hadis saƙlaini, hadis safina. Malam fakhrur razi daga malaman tafsiri na ahlus-sunna wanda aka fi sani da imamul mushakkikin shima ya yi imani da ismar sayyada Fatima (S)

Matsayi da Muhimmanci

A mahangar shi'a haƙiƙa Fatima ƴar manzon Allah (s.a.w) tana da muƙamin isma,[1] da katanguwa daga dukkanin zunubi da kuskure.[2] Shaik Mufid.[3] ya tafi kan cewa musulmi sun yi ijma'i kan ismarta, amma shi kuma allama majlisi.[4] yana ganin ijma'i ne na ƴan shi'a. Malamai masu zurfafa bincike sun yi bayanin dalilai game da ismarta; daga jumlarsu akwai:

  • Kasancewarta tare da ba'arin sha'anunnuka da muƙaman annabawa da imamai: bayan tabbatuwar ismarta, tana kasancewa tare da ba'arin sha'annunka da suka keɓantu da annabawa da imamai, misalin hujjar zantukanta, ayyukanta da abubuwan da ta goyi baya, haka marja'iyyar addini, da haƙƙin yin tafsiri da bayanin addini.[5]
  • Ma'aunin tantance gaskiya daga ƙarya: kan asasin ismar Fatima (S), za ta iya kasancewa abar koyi abar riƙa maudi'i cikin mas'alolin addini daban-daban misalin nuna rashin amincewar da ta yi kan kwacen halifanci da aka yi wa Imam Ali (A.S) da kwace mata gonar fadak, za a ƙirga ta matsayin ma'uni da sikelin tantance gaskiya da ƙarya.[6]
  • Kasancewa abar koyi: idan aka yarda da ismarta za ta iya kasance kammlalliyar abar koyi cikin bakiɗayan fagage rayuwa, kamar yadda hakan ya zo ƙarara a ba'arin ayoyi[7] game da annabawa.[8]

An bijiro da batun Ismar Sayyada Fatima (S) a cikin litattafan tafsiri a ƙarshe-ƙarshen bayanin wasu ayoyin kur'ani, kasancewar wannan bahasi cikin bahasussukan madogaran kalam da usulul fiƙhi.[9] an ce tarihin magana kan ismar sayyada Fatima (S) wani abu daɗaɗɗe da yake komawa zuwa ga zamanin Manzon Allah (s.a.w) da kuma wasu ba'arin zantukansa da ba'arin ayoyi kamar misalin ayar mubahala da ayar taɗhir.[10] rahotannin tarihi na farko game da ismar sayyada Fatima (S) su ma su na komawa zuwa ga zamani bayan wafatin Annabi (s.a.w) zuwa ga abin da ya faru na labarin kwace gonar fadak inda Imam Ali (A.S).[11] ya kafa hujja da ayar taɗhir game da ismarta.[12]

Kafa Hujja da Ayar Taɗhir Domin Tabbatar da Ismar Sayyada Fatima (S)

Tushen ƙasida: Ayar Taɗhir

Malaman shi'a sun dogara da ayar taɗhir cikin tabbatar da ismar sayyada Fatima (S),[13] kan asasin riwayoyi da shi'a.[14] da ahlus-sunna suka naƙalto.[15] wannan aya ta taɗhir ta sauka game da sha'anin as'habul kisa'i (ma'abota bargo), da haka ne ya zama abin nufi daga ahlul-baiti sune mutane biyar: manzon Allah (s.a.w), Imam Ali (A.S) sayyada Zahara (S) Hassan da Husaini (A.S).[16] kan asasin ba'arin riwayoyi, ya zo cewa Annabi (s.a.w) cikin lokacin kowacce sallar asubahi, a wata riwayar kuma a lokacin kowacce sallah ya zuwa gidan sayyada Fatima (S) ya yi sallama ya ce: ya ahlul-baiti sallah, sallah, sannan ya karanta ayar taɗhir.[17] fakhrur razi yana ganin riwayoyin da suka zo game da saukar ayar taɗhir cikin sha'anin ahlul-baiti riwayoyi ne aka yi ittifaƙi a kansu.[18] cikin wannan an ba da labarin iradar kan tafiyar da dukkanin datti da kazanta daga ahlul-baiti (a.s), wanda hakan yake ba da ma'anar isma.[19] Cikin wata riwaya da aka naƙalto daga Annabi (s.a.w) waɗanda ayar taɗhir ta sauka cikin sha'aninsu haƙiƙa ma'asumai ne kuma sune: ni Ali da Fatima, Hassan da Husaini (A.S).[20] sayyidina Ali (A.S) cikin labarin abin da ya faru kan kwace fadak tare da jingina da ayar taɗhir da ya yi ya tabbatar da tsarkakar Fatima (S) daga dukkanin zunubi.[21] an ce ayar mubahala ita ma tana nuni zuwa ga ismar sayyada Fatima (S).[22]

Tabbatar da Ismar Sayyada Fatima Tare da Jingina da Hadis Bad'atu

Tushen: ƙasida: Hadis Bad'atu

Hadis bad'a ɗaya ne daga dalilai kan ismar sayyada Fatima (S).[23] cikin wannan hadisi da allama majlisi ya lissafa shi hadisi mutawatiri.[24] cutar da Fatima da sanya fuhi, daidai yake da cutawa Annabi (s.a.w) da fusata shi, haka nan yardarta yardarsa, kan wannan asasi, idan Fatima (S) ya zamana tana aikata zunubi saki babu ƙaidi cikin kowanne irin hali ne, cutar da ita da fusata ta ba zai taɓa zama cutar da Manzon Allah (s.a.w) ta fusata shi, saboda alal misali idan wani mutum cikin hanata aikata zunubi ya zamana ya fusatata, wannan fushin ya kasance ba a mahallinsa ba, da haka ne ba za a ƙirga shi cikin fusata Annabi (s.a.w) da baƙanta masa.[25] kasantuwar ubangiji ba ya yarda face ayyuka nagargaru kuma baya amincewa da saɓawa umarninsa da kuma aikata zunubi, idan Fatima (S) ta aikata zunubi zai zamana ta yarda da wani abu da Allah yake fushi kansa[26].[26] su kuma sun fassara shi kan ismar saki babu ƙaidi daga aikata saɓo da kuskure kamar misalin Ayatullahi wahid khurasani.[27] Hadisin bad'a an naƙalto shi a madogaran ahlus-sunna misalin sahihu bukhari,[28] da sahihu muslim[29] duka sun kawo shi[30] a cikin ba'arin riwayoyi ya zo cewa yardar Fatima da fushinta daidai yake da yarda da kuma fushin ubangiji.[31]

Tabbatar Ismar Fatima Tare da Jingina da Hadisin Saƙlaini da Hadisin Safina

Hadisai da suke tabbatar da ismar ahlul-baiti (a.s) misalin hadis saƙlaini da hadis safina su ma su na cikin jumlar hadisai da ake lissafa su dalilai kan ismar Fatima (S).[32] saboda babu kokwanto kan kasancewar Fatima ɗaya daga cikin ahlul-baiti (a.s).[33] a cewar allama majlisi hadisan da suke shiryarwa kan wajabcin riƙo ahlul-baiti (a.s) misalin hadisin saƙlaini da hadisin safina, hadisai ne da suke shiryarwa kan ismar Fatima (S) saboda wajabcin kaɗai yana tabbata ne kan ma'asumai, mutumin da yake aikata zunubi bawai kaɗai ba wajibi bane riƙo da shi, bari dai daga babi hani da mummuna inkari kansa ma wajibi kan mutane.[34] Ya zo cikin wata riwaya da Annabi (s.a.w) a daren mi'iraji ya ga hasken Fatima da Imaman shi'a ya tambayi Allah su wanene waɗannan, sai wani sauti ya fito ya faɗin sune Ali, Fatima, Hassan da Husainida ƴaƴan Husaini, su ɗin tsarkakakku ne ma'asumai.[35]

Mahangar Ahlus-sunna Dangane da Ismar Sayyada Fatima (S)

Ba'arin malaman ahlus-sunna misalin shahabud-dini alusi (Wafati:1270.h.ƙ) malamin tafsirin kur'ani, kan asasin ayar:

«وَإِذْ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ اللهَ اصْطَفَاكِ وَطَهَّرَكِ وَاصْطَفَاكِ عَلَىٰ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ؛

Yayin da mala'iku suka ce ya maryam lallai Allah ya zaɓeki ya tsarkakeki kan matan duniya.[36] ya ce haƙiƙa Allah ya tsarkake sayyada maryam daga zunubi bayan ita kuma bayan nan yana ganin Fatima ta fifici maryam (s)[37] A cewar hassan zade amoli (Wafati:1400.h.shamsi) malamin shi'a, lallai fakhrur razi malamin tafsiri na ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na shida bayan hijira tare da cewa ya yi shakka kan komai hatta ta kai ga ya shahara da sunan limamin masu shakku, amma tare da hakka bai yi shakka da kokwanto ba cikin ismar sayyada Zahara (S) ba.[38]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Misali, duba Mofid, Al-Fusul al-Mukhtarah, 1413 AH, shafi:88; Sayyid Morteza, Al-Shafi fi al-Umamah, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 95; Ibn Shahr Ashub, Manaqib al-Abi Talib, 1379 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 332; Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 335.
  2. ↑ Kafi wa Shafiyan, “Ismat Fatimah (AS)”, shafi na 69.
  3. ↑ Mufid, Al-Fusul Al-Mukhtara, 1413 BC, shafi na 88.
  4. ↑ Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 335.
  5. ↑ Kafi wa Shafiyan, “Ismat Fatimah (AS)”, shafi na 72.
  6. ↑ Kafi wa Shafiyan, “Ismat Fatimah (AS)”, shafi na 72.
  7. ↑ Duba Suratul Ahzab, aya ta 21; Suratul Momtahnah, aya ta 4
  8. ↑ afi wa Shafiyan, “Ismat Fatimah (AS)”, shafi na 72.
  9. ↑ afi wa Shafiyan, “Ismat Fatimah (AS)”, shafi na 72.
  10. ↑ afi wa Shafiyan, “Ismat Fatimah (AS)”, shafi na 71.
  11. ↑ Duba Sadouq, Ilalul Shara'i, 1385, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 191 da 192.
  12. ↑ Kafi wa Shafiyan, “Ismat Fatimah (AS)”, shafi na 71.
  13. ↑ Misali, duba Seyyid Morteza, al-Shafi fi al-imamah, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 95; Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 335.
  14. ↑ Alal misali, ka duba Kulayni, al-Kafi, 1407 A.H., vol. 1, shafi na 287;
  15. ↑ Alal misali, ka duba Musulmi Neyshaburi, Sahih Muslim, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, vol. 4, shafi na 1883, hadisi 61, Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tazmidhi, vol. 5, shafi na 351, hadisi 3205 da p. 352, hadisi 3206 da p. 663, hadisi 3787, da Ibn Hanbal, Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, vol. 28, shafi na 195, vol. 44, pp. 118-121.
  16. ↑ Bahrani, Ghaya al-Maram, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 193; Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 311; Sobhani, Manshur Javed, 2003, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 387-392.
  17. ↑ Ka duba Kufi, Tafsir Furat al-Kufi, 1410 A.H., shafi na 338 da 339, Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, 1390 A.H., vol. 16, shafi na 318 da 319, Tabarani, Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, 1415 A.H., vol. 22, shafi na 402.
  18. ↑ Fakhr Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 247.
  19. ↑ Faryab, Imat Imam dar tarikh Tafakkuri Imamiyyah, 1390, shafi na 335 da 336.
  20. ↑ Kufi, Tafsirul Furat al-Kufi, 1410H, shafi na 339 da 340.
  21. ↑ Duba Sadouq, Ilalul Shara'i, 1385, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 191 da 192.
  22. ↑ ص۱۳۲؛ «آیات مباهله،‌ تطهیر و روایات، عصمت حضرت فاطمه(س) را ثابت می‌کند»، خبرگزاری شبستان.
  23. ↑ Misali, duba Seyyid Morteza, al-Shafi fi al-imamah, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 95; Ibnshahr Ashub, Manaqib Al Abi Talib, 1379, Juzu'i na 3, shafi na 333; Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 335.
  24. ↑ Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 335.
  25. ↑ Sayyid Morteza, Al-Shafi fi al-Umamah, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 95; Ibnshahr Ashub, Manaqib Al Abi Talib, 1379, Juzu'i na 3, shafi na 333; Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 337 da 338.
  26. ↑ Sobhani,Pajuheshi dar shenanakti ismat Imam, 2009, shafi na 27.
  27. ↑ Duba Ruhi Barandagh, qalamru ismat Fatemeh Zahra (A.S) dar Hadis Fatemeh bad'atun minni', shafi na 83-85.
  28. ↑ Bukhari, Sahihul Bukhari, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 21 da 29.
  29. ↑ Muslim Neishabouri, Sahih Muslim, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 4, 1902 da 1903.
  30. ↑ Duba Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 336 da 337; Tabarani, Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, 1415 Hijira, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 404 da 405.
  31. ↑ Duba: Sadouq, Ayoun Akhbar al-Reza (AS), 1378 AH, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 46 da 47; Mofid, Al-Amali, 1413 AH, shafi na 95; Ibn Maghazali, Manaqib al-Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, Darul Adwa, 284 da 285.
  32. ↑ Sobhani, Pajuheshi dar shenakti wa ismat, 2009, shafi na 27; Mohaghegh, Ismat aza didgahe Shi'a wa ahle tasannun. 1391, shafi na 256..
  33. ↑ Mohaghegh, Ismat aza didgahe Shi'a wa ahle tasannun. 1391, shafi na 256.
  34. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 340.
  35. ↑ Khazaz al-Razi, Kifayat al-Athar, 1401 A.H., shafi na 185 da 186.
  36. ↑ Alu Imran, aya ta 42
  37. ↑ Duba Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 149-150; Mazhari, Tafsir al-Ahnathoni, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 2, sashe na 1, shafi na 47 da 48.
  38. ↑ Hassanzadeh Amoli,Hezar wa Yek Nukte, 1365, shafi na 603, aya ta 748.

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