Asma'u Bint Umaisi

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Maƙamin Asma'u ɗiyar Umaisi a Babul Sagir a Ƙasar Siriya

Asma’u Bint Umaisi (arabic: أسماء بنت عميس) (ta rasu a shekara ta 38 bayan hijira) tana ɗaya daga cikin Sahabban Manzon Allah (S.A.W) waɗanda suka taimaki Imam Ali (A.S) wajen yiwa gawar sayyada Fatima (S) wanka. Asma’u’u ta kasance matar Jafar Bn Abi ɗalib, kuma bayan shahadar Jafar ta auri Abubakar Bn Abi ƙuhafa, bayan rasuwar Abubakar ta zama matar Imam Ali (A.S). Asma’u’u ita ce mahaifiyar Abdullahi Bn Jafar (mijin Sayyida Zainab (S) da kuma Muhammad Bn Abi Bakar wakilin Imam Ali (A.S) a ƙasar Masar.

A bisa wasiyyar Sayyida Fatima (S) Imam Ali (A.S) da Asma’u’u ne za su yimata wanka. hakanan Imam Ali (A.S) ya ƙerawa sayyada Fatima (S) akwatin gawa ta farko a Musulunci don kada jikinta ya fito, koya bayyana wani ya gani, kuma kamar yadda wata ruwaya ta nuna, Imam Ali ya kasance a tare da ita lokutan ƙarshe a rayuwarta ,hakama yaranta Hasnain (A.S) Asma’u’u tana ɗaya daga cikin musulman farko, da suka yi hijira ita da Ja'afar mijinta zuwa habasha da madina, hakanan Ja'afar ya ruwaito hadisai da yawa daga Annabi (S.A.W).


Tarihin Rayuwa

Asma’u'u 'yar Umaisi Bn Ma'ad, Mahaifinta ɗan ƙabilar Bani Khas'am ne, mahaifiyarta kuwa Hind 'yar Aun ce.[1] 'yan'uwanta mata su ne: Salma Bnt Umais, matar Hamzah Bn Abdul-Muɗɗalib . Maimuna, matar Manzon Allah (S.A.W) (yar uwar mahaifiyarta).[2] Asma’u’u ta auri Ja'afar Bn Abi ɗalib, ɗan uwan Imam Ali (A.S). ya kasance ɗaya daga cikinmutanan farkon a shiga musulunci kuma ya karɓi musulunci kafin Manzo Allah ya shiga gidan Arƙam .[3] Asma’u ta yi hijira zuwa ƙasar habasha.[4] tare da mijinta Ja'afar a shekara ta biyar da aiko manzon Allah.[5] kuma a shekara ta bakwai sukayi hijira zuwa Madina.[6] Bayan Ja'afar ya yi shahada a yaƙin Muta shekara ta 8,[7] Asma’u ta zama matar Abubakar, bayan rasuwar Abubakar ta zama matar Imam Ali. (A.S)[8] A cikin ruwayar Imam Sadik (AS) ya siffanta Asma’u ɗaya daga cikin matan aljanna.[9]

Alaƙar Da Take Tsakanin Sayyada Fatima Tare da Asma’u Bint Umaisi

Kamar yanda Sayyada Fatimah (a.s) tayi wasiyya Asma’u'u da taimakon Ali Bn Abi ɗalib (a.s) ne suka yiwa Sayyida Fatimah (a.s) wanka.[10] Lokacin da sayyada Fatima ta ke kan rashin lafiya, sai ta buƙaci Asma’u da kada a sanya gawarta a cikin akwatin gawar da ake ganin gawarta idan ta mutu, sai Asma’u ta yi mata akwatin gawar da ta gani a ƙasar habasha, Fatima ta yi farin ciki da ganinsa.[11] Haka nan kamar yanda ya zo a cikin ruwaya ta kasance a gefen gadon Sayyida Fatima a cikin sa'o'i na karshen rayuwarta, kuma ta ba da labarin waɗannan lokutan da kuma yadda Hasnain (A.S) da Ali (A.S) suka fuskanci gawar Fatimah.[12] Ana ambatan wannan abubuwan da suka faru a lokutan juyayin shahadar Sayyida Fatima (a.s).[13]

Kamar yanda wasu ruwayoyi suka kawo, Asma’u ma ta halarci ɗaurin auren Imam Ali (A.S) da Sayyida Fatima (s).[14] hakanan wasu ruwayoyin sun kawo cewa lokacin haihuwar sayyada Fatima Asma’u ta kasance tare da ita da umarnin Manzon Allah (S.A.W).[15] A cewar Ali Bn Isa Irbali, masanin tauhidin Shi'a a ƙarni na 7 bayan hijira, an sami saɓani wajan rubuta waɗannan hadisai, an samu kuskure tsakanin sunayen Asma’u'u Bnt Yazid Ansari da Asma’u Bint Umais, domin auren Fatima ya kasance a shekara ta 2 ko ta 3, ita kuma Asma’u'u Bnt Umais har zuwa fathu Khaibar (shekara 7) tana garin habasha.[16] Haka nan Irbali ya nuna cewa akwai yiwuwar kuskure tsakanin Asma’u da Salmi Bnt Umais matar sayyadina Hamza, domin Asma’u ta fi Salma shahara, shi ya sa aka rawaito wasu hadisai daga gare ta, ko kuma wani daga masu rawaitowar ya yi kuskure ragowar suka bishi a haka.[17] Hakanan an kawo cewa lokacin Wafatin Manzon Allah ma tana ɗaya daga wanda suke kusa da shimfiɗarsa.[18]

Naƙalin Hadisi

Asma’u ta ruwaito hadisai daga Annabi (S.A.W).[19] hakanan ɗanta Abdullahi da Sa'id Bn Musayyib da Urwa Bn Zubair da sauransu sun ruwaito hadisai daga gareta.[20] Fatima ƴar Imam Ali ta rawai to hadisai a gunta kaman hadisin manzila.[21] da Hadisu raddu shamsi.[22] Ahmad Bn Abi Yaƙub, masanin tarihi na ƙarni na uku, ya ce akwai wani littafi agun Asma’u wanda ya ƙunshi maganganun Annabi (S.AW.).[23]

ƴaƴanta

Asma’u, Abdullah, Muhammad da Aun ƴaƴan Ja'afar Bn Abi ɗalib.[24] Ta kuma haifi Muhammad Bn Abi Bakar ga Abubakar.[25] wanda shi ne wakilin Imam Ali (AS) a Masar.[26] ta haifi Yahaya ga Imam Ali (A.S).[27] wanda ya rasu yana ƙarami.[28]

Wafati

Ibni kasir Al-dimashƙi masanin tarihi na ƙarni na 8, ya ambaci wafatin Asma’u a shekara ta 38 bayan hijira.[29] Tabbas a wasu majiyoyin an ambaci wafatinta bayan shahadar Imam Ali (AS) a shekara ta 40 h ƙamari,[30] An danganta wani ƙabari zuwa gareta wanda yake maƙabartar babus-saghir a garin dimasƙ.[31]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Kalbi, Nasab Maad Walyaman Al-Kabir, 1408H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 356-358.
  2. ↑ Ibn Kalbi, Nasab Maad Walyaman Al-Kabir, 1408 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 358-359.
  3. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Thabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i na 8, shafi na 219.
  4. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marifah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 323.
  5. ↑ Maqrizi, Umtaa Al-Asma, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 116.
  6. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, al-Istiy'ab, 1412 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 242.
  7. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Thabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i na 8, shafi na 219.
  8. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, al-Estiy'ab, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 1784-1785.
  9. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Al-Khisal, 1362, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 363.
  10. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 405
  11. ↑ Erbali, Kashf al-Ghumma, 1381 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 503.
  12. ↑ Erbali, Kashf al-Ghumma, 1381 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 501-500.
  13. ↑ برای نمونه نگاه کنید به «روضه و توسل بسیار جانسوز_ویژه فاطمیه»، پایگاه خیمه‌گاه.
  14. ↑ Misali, duba Ganji Shafi’i, Kefayyah al-Talib, Dar Ihya Tarath Ahl al-Bait, shafi na 306; Erbali, Kashf al-Ghama, 1381 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 365-366.
  15. ↑ Erbali, Kashf al-Ghumma, 1381 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 551.
  16. ↑ Erbali, Kashf al-Ghumma, 1381 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 373.
  17. ↑ Erbali, Kashf al-Ghumma, 1381 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 366-367.
  18. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 545.
  19. ↑ Hamidi, Al-Musnad, 1996, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328; Waqidi, al-Maghazi, 1409 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 766.
  20. ↑ Dhahabi, "Siyar Al-A'l am Al-Nubala", 1427 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 519.
  21. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Estiy'ab, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 1097
  22. ↑ Hurru Amili, Isbatul Al-hudati, 1425 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 414.
  23. ↑ Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al-Yaqoubi, Dar Sadir, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 101.
  24. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Thabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i na 8, shafi na 219.
  25. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, al-Estiyab, 1412 AH, shafi na 1784-1785.
  26. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh Al-Umam wa Al-Muluk, 1387 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 555-556.
  27. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, al-Estiyab, 1412 AH, shafi na 1784-1785.
  28. ↑ Abulfaraj Esfahani, Muqatil al-Talbeyin, Dar al-Marifah, shafi na 37.
  29. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, 1407H, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 318.
  30. ↑ Ibn Hajr Asqlani, Talre Al-Tahdhib, 1406 Hijira, shafi na 743.
  31. ↑ Qaidan,Amakin Ziyarati Siyahati Suriya, 2007, shafi na 105.

Nassoshi

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  • Ibn Hajr Asqlani, Ahmad bin Ali, Takreeb Al-Tahdhib, Muhammad Awamah, Darul Rashid, Sham, ya yi bincike, 1406 Hijira/1986.
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  • Erbali, Ali Ibn Isa, Kashf al-Ghamma fi Marifah Al-Aimma, Sayyid Hashem Rasouli Mahalati ya gyara, Bani Hashemi, Tabriz, 1381H.
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  • Dahhabi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, “Siyar Al-Alam Al-Nubalah”, Alkahira, Darul Hadith, 1427H/2006 Miladiyya.
  • برای نمونه نگاه کنید به «روضه و توسل بسیار جانسوز_ویژه فاطمیه»، پایگاه خیمه‌گاه، تاریخ درج مطلب:‌ ۱۷ بهمن ۱۳۹۵ش، تاریخ بازدید: ۲۴ خرداد ۱۴۰۱ش.
  • Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad bin Ali, Al-Khisal, Ali Akbar Ghafari, Qum, Jamia Modaresin, 1362 ya gyara shi.
  • Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tarikh Al-umama wa Al-Muluk, wanda Muhammad Abulfazl Ibrahim ya yi bincike a Beirut, Darul Trath, bugu na biyu, 1387/1967 Miladiyya.
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