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Hamas

Daga wikishia
Hamas
Tambarin Harkatu Hamas
Tambarin Harkatu Hamas
SunaHarikatul Muƙawamtil Islamiyya
JagororiAbdul-Aziz Rantisi. Khalid Mishal. Isma'il Haniyye. Yahaya Sinwar
ShugabaShaik Ahmad Yasin
ManufofiKare kai ɗauke da makamai kan ta'addancin Isra'ira da kuma `yanto Falasɗinu
Assasawa1987 miladiyya
MazhabaAhlus-Sunna, reshe na Ikhwanul Muslimin
ƘasaFalasɗinu


Hamas ko kuma Harkatul Muƙawamatil Islamiyya ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin gwagwarmayar Muslunci a Falasɗinu da aka mamaye, wace aka kafa ta a shekarar 1987 miladiyya/1366 shamsi, da manufar ƴantar da Falasɗinu, wannan harka ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin rassan Ikhwanul muslimin wace suke bin tafarkin Ahlus-Sunna.

Jaddada asalin Muslunci na Falasɗinu da kuma ƴanto garuruwan Falasɗinu da aka mamaye, ta'allaƙar Falasɗinu ga baki ɗayan al'ummar Musulmi har zuwa ranar tashin alƙiyama da kuma yaƙi da gwamnatin Sahayoniyya, suna cikin jigo na tushe da dabarun kundin tsarin siyasa da aka kafa wannan ƙungiya akai.

Wannan ƙungiya a shekarar 2005 miladiyya, ta shiga fagen siyasa, kuma a zaɓen da ya gudana shekarar 2007 ta samu nasarar ka da ƙungiyar Fatah, da wannan nasara ne ta karɓe ragamar gudanarwa a zirin Gaza. Bayan wasu ƴan shekaru, a yunƙurin ƴantar da Falasɗinu cikin ƙalubalantar hare-hare da farmakin gwamnatin Sahayoniya, lokuta da daman gaske Hamas ƙaddamar da ofireshin na soja kan Isra'ila a Gaza domin ba da kariya da mutanen zirin Gaza.

Ana la'akari da Hamas matsayin halastacciyar ƙungiyar gwagwarmaya daga ɓangaren magoya bayanta, daidai lokacin da masu da'awa da wannan ƙungiya, kamar misalin gwamnatin Sahayoniya ta Isra'ila, Amurka da Birtaniya suke kallon wannan ƙungiya matsayin ƙungiyar ta'addanci tare da ƙaƙaba mata takunkumi.

Mafi girman hari da farmaki da Hamas ta ƙaddamar kan Isra'ila cikin ba da amsa kan ayyukan lefi da keta alfarmar Masallacin Al-aƙsa da gwamnatin Sahayoniyya take aikatawa kullun kan al'ummar Falasɗinu shi ne ofireshin na Tufanul Al-Aksa wanda ya faru a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2023 miladiyya.

Hamas Memba A Ƙawancen Gwagwarmaya

Babban labari: Ƙawancen Ƴan Gwagwarmaya

Hamas ko kuma harkar gwagwarmayar Muslunci, wace da harshen Larabci ake kira da (Harikatul Muƙawamatil Islamiyya) wata ƙungiya ce ta Ahlus-Sunna daga reshen Ikhwanul muslimin A Falasɗinu[1] Mafi girman dakaru na ƙungiyar masu kishin Muslunci,[2] wace aka kafa ta bisa hadafin ƴanto garuruwan da aka mamaye na Falasɗinu.[3] Kan asasin kundin dokokin wannan ƙungiya, ɗaya daga hadafofi na asali na wannan ƙungiya shi ne ganin bayan gwamnatin Sahayoniyya, sannan kasantuwar Yahudawa sun bambanta da Sahayoniyawa wannan ƙungiya ta jaddada rashin ƙiyayyarta da Yahudawa.[4]

Harkar Hamas ta fi ba da fifiko ga tarbiyyar ɗaiɗaikun iyalai, da al'umma domin samar da yanayi na kafuwar daular Muslunci a Falasɗinu. Hamas da farko ba ta kasance tana da aƙidar yaƙi da mamayar Falasɗinu ba, amma daga baya sai ta fara ɗaukar makamai tana yaƙar Sahayoniyawa.[5]

Magoya bayan Hamas suna ɗaukar wannan ƙungiya matsayin dakarun gwagwarmaya a wannan yanki da suke aiki kan ayyanannun dokoki[6] Ba'arin ƙasashe kaɗai suna lissafa reshen soja na wannan ƙungiya ma'ana dakarun Izzud-dini Ƙassam matsayin ƴan ta'adda; Na'am majalisar ɗinkin duniya babu wani sashe na Hamas da ta ayyana shi matsayin ƴan ta'adda.[Akwai buƙatar kawo madogara] a kishiyar haka, ƙasashe misalin Amurka, Ingila da membobin tarayyar ƙasashen turai, Hamas ko sashen soja na ta sun sanya ta a jerin ƙungiyoyin ta'adda tare da haramta ayyukanta.[7]

Goyan Bayan Jamhuriyar Muslunci

Ganawar Shaik Ahmad Yasin, shugaban Hamas tare da Sayyid Ali Khamna'i, jagoran juyin juya halin Muslunci na Iran, ranar 3 Agusta 1998m

Majiyoyin masu adawa da Hamas, a koda yaushe ba su gushe ba suna zargin Iran matsayin babbar mai ba da goyan baya na kuɗi, dabaru, horan soja da makamai ga Hamas.[8] A shekarar 1991 miladiyya Iran bisa la'akari da tarayya cikin manufofi da haduffa, ta bayyana goyan bayanta ga ƙungiyar Hamas, wannan goyan baya ya taimaka wurin kafa Ofishin siyasa na wannan ƙungiya a babban birnin Tehran, haka kuma an ci gaba ziyartar juna tsakanin Hamas da ƙusoshin gwamnatin Iran, duk da cewa a lokacin yaƙi tsakanin daular Siriya da masu bore ɗauke da makamai da kuma ƙungiyar ta'adda ta Da'ish (ISIS), sakamakon saɓanin ra'ayi tsakanin ba'arin membobin Hamas da Jamhuriyar Muslunci ta Iran game da ƙungiyoyi masu ɗauke da makamai a Siriya, tsawon wani lokaci an samu damalmalewa da tsamamar dangantaka tsakanin Iran da Hamas.[9] Gwagwarmayar Muslunci ta Hamas ta yi bakin ƙoƙarinta cikin ganin ta dawo da kyautatar danganta tsakanin ta da ƙungiyoyin gwagwarmayar Muslunci na Shi'a kamar misalin Hizbullahi Lubnan da Jamhurioyar Muslunci ta Iran, da kuma samun kyakkyawar alaƙa da sauran ƙasashen Muslunci misalin Turkiyya da Saudi Arabiyya.[10]

Gwagwarmaya A Gaban Ƴan Mamayar Sahayoniyya

A lokuta da daman gaske Hamas ta ba da amsa kan hare-haren Isra'ila, ta gwabza yaƙi da su, ta kai hare-hare kan garuruwan Isra'ila da makamai masu linzami, zuwa yanzu an samu adadin gwabza yaƙi tsakanin Isra'ila da ƙungiyar Hamas, wanda aka samu tsagaita wuta tare da shiga tsakanin da wasu ƙasashe suka yi misalin Ƙatar ko kuma majalisar ɗinkin duniya. Wannan ƙungiya tana wasu madogaran samun kuɗi da suka haɗa da haƙƙoƙin shari'a da zakka da Falasɗinawa suke bayarwa da kuma taimakon kuɗaɗe daga ɓangaren sauran Musulmi da ƙasashen maƙotanta, misalin Saudi Arabiyya, Misra, Jodan, Iran da Sudan, wanda da su ne take gudanar da ayyukanta.[11]

Ofireshin Na Tufanul Al-Aksa

Babban labari: Tufanul Al-Aksa
Zanga-zangar adawa da Isra’ila a birnin London bayan harin "Tufanul-Aqsa" da Hamas ta kai, tare da kiran mutane da taken "Yancin Falasdinu!"

A ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba 2023 miladiyya, ƙungiyar Hamas cikin martaninta ga ayyukan lefi da ta'addancin da gwamnatin Sahayoniyya take aikatawa na kisan kiyashi kan Falasɗinawa da keta alfarmar Masallacin Al-aƙsa, ta ƙaddamara da harin shammaci cikin mamayayyun garuruwan Falasɗinawa da suke hannun Isra'ila.[12] Cikin wannan hari da aka fi sani da Tufanul Al-Aksa, dakarun Hamas cikin harin makaman rokoki da ta harba kan garuruwan da Sahayoniyawa suka kama suka zauna, ta samu kutsawa cikin Isra'ila ta hanyoyi daban-daban daga ƙasa, sama da ta ruwa.[13] Sun kama gomomin ƴan kama wuri zauna daga Isra'ilawa suka hankaɗa ƙeyarsu zuwa Gaza, sannan suka karɓe iko kan ba'arin garuruwan Isra'ila na ɗan wani lokaci.[14]

Wannan nau'in ofireshin da Hamas ta ƙaddamar kan Isra'ila ba a taɓa ganin irinsa tsawon tarihi.[15] Har ila yau, bisa rahotan tashar talabijin ta Al-Alam, da iƙrarin kafafen watsa labarai na Isra'ila, wannan gwamnati a tsawon tarihinta ba su taɓa ganin shan kayi irin wannan ba.[16] Kan asasin ƙididdigar alƙaluman da aka fitar, fiye da mutane dubu uku daga Isra'ilawa suka raunata sakamakon wannan hari da Hamas ta ƙaddamar kan yankuna a Isra'ila.[17] Haka nan, wannan hari ya haifar da martani daban-daban; Musulmi sun yi matuƙar murna da farin ciki tare da shirya bukukuwa a ƙasashen Muslunci kamar misalin Iran.[18] Haka nan sun shirya tarurruka nuna goyan baya ga Hamas.[19]

Masu fashin baƙi, sun bayyana cewa wannan hari a haƙiƙa sakamako ne na baƙin zalunci na gomomin shekaru da Isra'ila take aikatawa daga mamaya da kisan kiyashi kan Falasɗinawa.[20]

Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Kafuwar Hamas

An ce ƙungiyar gwagwarmaya ta Hamas a ranar 9 Disamba 1987 miladiyya lokaci ɗaya da fara jerin gwanon mutane kan kishiyantar gwamnatin Sahayoniyawa (Intifada ta farko)[Tsokaci 1] a Falasɗinu.[21] Bisa naƙali daga shafin yana giza gizo na Aljazira, an kafa ƙungiyar Hamas a Disamba 1986 miladiyya ta hannun Shaik Ahmad Yasin da ba'arin membobin ƙungiyar Ikhwanul muslmin, misalin Abdul-Aziz Rantisi da Mahmud Zahhar, sai dai kuma ba shelanta kafa ta ba a bayyane ba sai a shekarar 1987.[22]

A farko-farko shugabancin wannan ƙungiya ya kasance a wuyan kwamitin mutane guda bakwai ƙarƙashin shugabancin Shaik Ahmad Yasin.[23] Ahmad Yasin wanda tun yana ɗan shekaru goma sha biyu ya haɗu da matsalar shanyewar jiki sakamakon wani hatsari, ya kasance ana zaune kan keken marasa lafiya.[24] Tsawon shekaru ya kasance yana shugabantar wannan ƙungiya, a shekarar 2004 miladiyya ne sojojin Isra'ila suka masa kisan gilla, shi ma wanda ya gaje shi watau Abdul-Aziz Rantisi a wannan dai shekara ne Isr'aila ta kashe shi. Bayansa ne Khalid Mishal ya karɓi jan ragamar shugabancin wannan ƙungiya, a shekarar 2017 Isma'il Haniyye ya zama shugaban wannan ƙungiya.[25] Bayan kashe Haniyye a Yuli 2024 miladiyya sai Yahaya Sinwar aka zaɓe shi matsayin shugaban wannan ƙungiya..[26]

A shekarar 2005 miladiyya ne ƙungiyar Hamas bayan samun nasara a zaɓen Falasɗinu, a mastayinsu na ƙungiya masu kishin Muslunci a duniyar Larabawa suka fara shigowa fagen siyasa, wannan ƙungiyaa shekarar 2007 miladiyya bayan rikici da ɗauki ba daɗi da sojojin Fatah ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mahmud Abbas, sun samu galaba da nasara kan ƙungiyar Fatah, wanda hakan ya ba su damar kwato yankin zirin Gaza a matsayin yanki da ya ɓalle da Falasɗinu tare da komawa ƙarƙashin ikon Hamas a siyasance.[27]

An ce Hamas, kamar dai sauran reshen Ikhwanul muslimin, sun karɓo muhimman aƙidunsu na siyasa daga Hassan Al-banna, wanda ya kafa nazariyar Ikhwanul muslimin a Misra.[28] Ana kwatanta tsarin gudanarwar ƙungiyar Hamas da tsarin gaba ɗaya na ƙungiyar Ikhwanul muslimin, watau dogara da ƙa'idoji da asalan Muslunci, majalisar jagoranci da ta kafu kan gama garin bai'a da biyayya ga shugaba.[29] Ayyukan Hamas suna samun jagoranci daga manyan ofishoshi guda uku,Ofishin siyasa, ofishin tabligi da ofishin soja, sashen soja na wannan ƙungiya wanda aka fi sani da dakarun Izzud-dini Ƙassam an kafa shi a shekarar 1991 miladiyya.[30]

Takardar Yarjeniyoyi

A ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba Hamas ta fitar da takardar yarjeniyoyi da ta ƙunshi doka mail amba 36 cikin wannan takarda ta bayyana manufofi da dabaru.[31] An ce matsayan wannan kundin doka ba su da bambanci mai yawa da na ƙungiyar Ikhwanul muslimin.[32] Musluncin Falasɗinu da ƙalubalantar gwamnatin ƴan kama wuri zauna ta Sahayoniya a na lissafa su matsayin babban ginshiƙi da dabaru na ƙungiyar Hamas.[33] Jaddada ɗanfaruwar da alaƙantuwar wannan ƙungiya da Muslunci, jaddada kafa daular Muslunci da dokoki kan tushen shari'ar Muslunci, ɗamfaruwar Falasɗinu ga dukkanin al'ummar Musulmi har zuwa tashin ƙiyama da rashin sassauci kan haka, jaddada riƙo da jihadi a matsayin umarni na Muslunci da ƙarfafuwa kan ƴantar da dukkanin garuruwan Falasɗinu, duka suna cikin kundin doka na Hamas.[34]] Cikin doka mai lamba 8 cikin takardar yarjejeniya, taken Hamas shi ne dai wannan take na Ikhwanul muslimin.[Tsokaci 2] A watan Mayu 2017, cikin takardar yarjejeniya ko sanadi na siyasa na biyu na ƙungiyar Hamas an gabatar da shi a Doha babban birnin ƙatar, wannan sanadi bashi da wani bambanci da na ƙungiyar Ikhwanul muslimin.[35]

Taqaitaccen Nazari

  • Harkatul Muƙawamatuil Islamiyya: tushenta da tunani na siyasa, na Khalid Abu Amraini, Misra, cibiyar Markaz Hadara Arabiyya ne suka buga wannan littafi.
  • Tajribe Hukamati Hamas; ƙimantawa da duban gaba, wanda Salman Razawi da Ali Pashaqasimi suka rubuta, bugawa a farkon shekarar 2012 miladiyya ta hannun cibiyar Nazari da tunani ta Andisheh Noor.
Ƙungiyoyin Ƙawancen Gwagwarmaya
Layi Suna Kafawa Wanda Ya Kafa Fitattun Mutane Shugaba Mazhaba Tushe Logo Kafofin Labarai
1 Harkatu Amal 1974m Imam Musa Sadar Musɗafa Camaran Nabihu Birri Shi'a Labanun
Tashar Talabijin Ta NBC
2 Ƙungiyar Jihadul-Islam 1981m Fatahi Shaƙaƙi Ramadan Abdullahi Husam Abu Harbid Ziyad Nakhala Ahlus-Sunna Gaza
Tashar Falasɗinil Yaumi
3 Hizbullahi Lubnan 1982m Sayyid Abbas Musawi Sayyid Hassan Nasrullah Na'im Ƙasim Shi'a Labanun Example Tashar Al-Manar
4 Failaƙ Badar 1985m Adnan Ibrahim Abu Mahadi Al-Muhandis Hadi Al-Amiri Shi'a Iraƙ
Tashar Al-Ghadir
5 Hamar (Harkar gwagwarmayar Muslunci) 1987m Shaik Ahmad Yasin Abdul-Aziz Rantisi Isma'il Haniyye Kwamitin wucin gadi na Hamas Ahlus-Sunna Falasɗinu
6 Dakarun Ƙudus (Failak Ƙudus) 1990m Sayyid Ali Khamna'i Ahmad Wahidi Ƙasim Sulaimani Isma'il Ƙa'ani Shi'a Iran
7 Harkatu Ansarullahi Yaman 1990m Husaini Al-Husi Badrud-Dini Al-Husi Abdul-Malik Al-Husi Zaidiyya Yaman
Shabakatu Al-Masira
8 Kata'ibu Hizbullahi Iraƙ 2003m Abu Mahadi Al-Muhandis Abu Husaini Humaidawi Abu Baƙir As-sa'idi Arzan Allawi Ahmad Muhsin Farhi Alhumaidawi Shi'a Iraƙ
Shabakatu Al-Ittija
9 Kata'ibu Sayyidush Shuhada Iraƙ 2003m Abu Musɗafa Khazali Haj Abu Yusuf Abu Ala Al-wala'i Shi'a Iraƙ
10 Asa'ibu Ahlil Haƙƙi | 200m Ƙaisu Khazali Abdul_hadi Addaraji Muhammad Al-bahadili Ƙaisu Khazali Shi'a Iraƙ Example Shabakatu Al-Ahad
11 Harkatu Nujaba 2013m Akram Ka'abi Abu Isa Iƙlim Mushataƙ Kazim Alhawari Akram Ka'abi Shi'a Iraƙ
12 Dakarun Zainabiyyu 2013m Wasu jama'a daga Fakistan Zainab Ali Jafari Aƙid Malik Muɗahhar Husaini Shi'a Fakistan
13 Dakarun Faɗimiyyun 2013m Wasu mutane daga mayaƙan Afganistan Ali Rida Tawassuli Sayyid Muhammad Husaini Sayyid Ahmad Sadat Shi'a Afganistan
14 Hashadush Sha'abi 2014m Hadi Amiri Abu Mahadi Al-Muhandis Falihu Fayyaz Shi'a Iraƙ

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi na. 79.
  2. ↑ "Guruhe Islamgerayi Hamas cis?", BBC Persian.
  3. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi na. 79.
  4. ↑ Fayiz، «مقایسه دو میثاق‌نامه حماس»،Andishkede Raheburdi Tabyin.
  5. ↑ Rashwan,Dalilul Al-harikatil Islamiyya, Markaze dirasat Assiyasiya Wal Istiratajiyya, shafi na 147.
  6. ↑ "Guruhe Islamgerayi Hamas Cis?", BBC Persian.
  7. ↑ "Guruhe Islamgerayi Hamas cis?", BBC Persian.
  8. ↑ Rediyo Farda"Guzaresh Washington Post az Naqshe Tehran dar ta'amin NIyazehaye Amuzeshi wa Taslihati Hamas."
  9. ↑ Abbasi da Tabrizi, "Barsi Rawabit Iran Wa janbashe Hamas Ba'ad az Bidari Islami," shafi. 55.
  10. ↑ "Hamas: Rawabit ma ba Iran Dirane Wa mustamir," in ji Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Fars.
  11. ↑ Maliki, " Janbashe Hamas,", shafi. 82.
  12. ↑ "Lahze Ba Subemin Ruz Az Amaliyate Tufanul Al-aksa," Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Al-Alam.
  13. ↑ "Ab'ade Rawani Amaliyate Tufanul Al-Aqsa" Bar Artashe Rijim Sahyonisti", Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Mehr.
  14. ↑ Sen, "There is nothing surprising about Hamas’s operation", AlJazeera.
  15. ↑ "Wakanesh diflomatik sahyonisti beh Amaliyate Bi sabiqe Hamas", Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na ISNA.
  16. ↑ «دهمین روز از عملیات طوفان الاقصی»، Tashar Al-Alam.
  17. ↑ «دهمین روز از عملیات طوفان الاقصی»،Tashar Al-Alam.
  18. ↑ Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Fars ya ce "Bikin al'ummar Iran bayan hare-haren adawa da gwamnatin Sahayoniya".
  19. ↑ "Babban taro na masu karatu a Hauza ilmiyya don tallafawa 'yan gwagwarmayar Palestine," Jaridar Kayhan.
  20. ↑ Sen, "There is nothing surprising about Hamas’s operation", AlJazeera.
  21. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi. 80.
  22. ↑ «حرکة المقاومة الاسلامیة»، Aljazira.
  23. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi. 80.
  24. ↑ «خلاصه ای از زندگینامه شیخ احمد یاسین بنیانگذار جنبش مقاومت اسلامی فلسطین»،IRNA
  25. ↑ "Guruhe Islamgerayi Hamas Cis?", BBC Persian.
  26. ↑ «السنوار رئيسا لحماس خلفا لهنية»، Aljazira.
  27. ↑ "Guruhe Islamgerayi Hamas Cis?", BBC Persian.
  28. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi. 80.
  29. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi. 80.
  30. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi. 81.
  31. ↑ «میثاق حرکة المقاومة الاسلامیة حماس (۱۹۸۸)», Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Al Jazeera.
  32. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi. 81.
  33. ↑ Maliki, "Hamas, Janbesh", shafi. 81.
  34. ↑ KU duba، «مقایسه دو میثاق‌نامه حماس»،Andishkede Raheburdi Tabyin«میثاق حرکة المقاومة الاسلامیة حماس (۱۹۸۸)»», Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Al Jazeera
  35. ↑ «واکاوی سند سیاسی جدید حماس»، وبگاه اندیشکده راهبردی تبیین؛ فایضی، «مقایسه دو میثاق‌نامه حماس»Andishkede raheburdi Tabyin.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ A ranar 17 ga watan Azar, shekarar 1366 Hijira Shamsiyya (daidai da 1987 Miladiyya), wani hatsari ya faru inda motar Isra'ila ta buge wasu motoci na Falasɗinu, lamarin da ya halaka wasu ma’aikata Falasɗiyawa, Wannan mummunan abu ya zama wata fitila da ta tada hankali da motsin addini da ƙasa a cikin al’ummar Falasdinu, har ta kai ga zanga-zangar jama’a masu yawa a kan Isra’ila — wanda aka fi sani da Intifada ta Farko.A shafi na 80 na rubutun Malaki: “Hamas Janbashe ”,
  2. ↑ Taken Hamas a cikin kundin dokar Takardar yarjejeniya doka mai lamba 8:Allah shi ne burinmu ne, Manzon Allah abin koyi gare mu ne, Alƙur'ani kundin tsarin mulkinmu ne, jihadi hanyarmu ce, kuma mutuwa a kan tafarkin Allah ita ce mafi girman burinmu. میثاق حرکة المقاومة الاسلامیة حماس (۱۹۸۸) », Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Al Jazeera

Nassoshi

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