Dakarun Ƙudus (Failak Ƙudus)
Dakarun ƙudus ko Failaƙ ƙudus, wani gungu ne na sojoji waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin sojojin kare tsarin juyin-juya-hali na Jamhuriyar Musulinci a ƙasar Iran, kuma waɗannan dakarun su ne suke da alhaki kula da iyakoki na ƙasa da ƙasa na ƙasar Iran.
Ita wannan runduna an kafa ta ne a shekara 1369 hijira shamsi da Umarni Sayyid Ali Khamna'i wanda yake shi ne jagora na addinin Musulinci a ƙasar Iran, kuma Ahmad Wahid shi ne shugaban wannan runduna na farko,ya kuma jagoranceta zuwa tsawan shekara bakwai, bayan nanne sai jagoran musulinci Sayyida Ali Allah ya ƙaramishi nisan kwana ya ayyana ƙasim Sulaimani a matsayin sabon saban shugaba na wannan runduna ta Failaƙil ƙudus a shekara ta 1376 hajira shamsi, shi kuma Sulaimani ya yi shahada a filin jirgi na Bagadaza ta hanyar gwamnatin Amerika da kuma umarni shugaban Amerika Donal Tiramb a wancan lokacin, bayan haka ne sai Sayyad Ali Kamna'i ya naɗa Isma'il ƙa'ani a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Sulaimani domin shugabantar wannan rindina.
Aikin wannan runduna ta Failaƙ shi ne bada shawara a harkar tsaro da harkar soja a wajan Iran, da kuma ƙarin kula gurare da mutane fitatto da hubbare na Imamai aminci ya tabbata a garesu da kuma kula da gungun ‘yan gwagwarmaya kamar su Hizbulla a ƙasar Lubnan da Hashadush sha'abi a ƙasar Iraƙ. Daga cikin aiyukan bada shawara da kuma harkar sojoji wanda wannan runduna ta yi, kamar irin samuwarta a Iraƙi da Siriyya domin yaƙar masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi da kuma yaƙar ‘yan Da'ish da masu kafirta mutane
Tarihin Yadda Aka Kafa Wannan Dakaru
Wannan runduna ta ƙudus tana ƙarƙashin ridinar juyin-juya-hali na Iran wannda akafi sani da Failaƙil ƙudus kuma shi ɗaya ne daga cikin ridinoni guda biyar [Mulahaza] wanda yake ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin dakarun juyin-juya hali na Iran.[1] kuma an ƙirƙiri wannan runduna ta ƙudus a shekara ta 1369 hijira shamsi da umarni Sayyid Ali Kamna'i a wannan lokacin shi ne mutum na biyu a jamhuriyya musulinci ta Iran,kuma wannan ridina an riskar da ita ƙarƙashin ridinar juyin juya hali na musulinci .[2]kuma ance asalin aikin wannan runduna aiki ne na wata runduna da ake kira da Muƙarri Ramadan da Luwa'u Badar Attasi'i,[3]
Kuma ita Sansanin rundinar Ramadan ta sojoji ta kasance runduna ta farko wacce take ƙarƙashin dakarun juyin-juya hali na Iran domin ayyukan da suke a wajan Jamhuriyyar musulinci ta Iran, an ƙirƙire ita wannan runduna a shekara ta 1362 hijira shamsi a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Murtada Riza'i.[4] amma duk da haka wasu suna ganin cewa dakarun ƙudus asalinsu yana kumawa zuwa ga Wahadatu Harkatut Tahrir [Mulahaza2] a wancan lokacin,[5]
Sayyid Ali ya gabatar da rindinar ƙudus a wata huɗuba da ya yi ta Jumu'a a ranar ashirin da bakwai ga watan Satumba a shekara ta 2018, kuma yace ita wannan ridina ta ƙudus aikinta shi ne yaƙi batare da iyaka ba, su suna shirye da su bada taimako duk inda buƙata tataso a sauran ƙasashe da taimako ga masu rauni a yankin gabas ta tsakiya waɗanda suke fuskantar takura, domin basu taimako dan ciyar da su gaba da duk abin da Allah ya huri musu, kuma wannan runduna ta ƙoƙari wajan kawar da yaƙi da ta'addanci da duk nau'i na ɓarna da kawar da duk wani haɗari daga kan Jumhuriyya Islamiyya.[6]
Shuwagabani
- Ku duba: Ƙasim Sulaimani
Ahmad Wahid a mastayin shi na shugaba na farko ga Failaƙil ƙudus wanda yake ƙarƙashin dakarun juyin-juya hali na Iran, ya jagoranci wannan runduna zuwa tsawan shekara bakwai daga shekara ta 1369 -1376 hijira shamsi.[7] bayan haka sai ƙasim Sulaimani ya gajeshi kuma shi ne shugaba na biyu ga wannan rindina, kuma Sayyi ƙa'id ne ya naɗashi shugaba ga wannan runduna a shekara ta 1376 hijira shamsi [8] shi kuma ƙasim Sulaimani ya yi shahada a filin jirge na Bagadaza tare da wasu da suke tare da shi daga cikinsu akwai Abu Mahdi Almuhandis a ranar 13 ga wata Disamba a shekara ta 2018 bayan kai harin ta'addanci da jirge marar matuƙi da umarni na kaitsaye daga shugaban ƙasar Amerika Dunal Tramp a wancan lokacin[9] kuma bayan haka ba da daɗewa ba aka ayyana Isma'il ƙa'ani a matsayin sabon shugaba na rindinar Failaƙ da umarnin shugaban addini na jamhuriyyar musulinci ta Iran.[10]
Tsari Da Saisaita Ƙungiyuyin gwagwarmaya A Gabas Ta Tsakiya
ɗaya daga cikin salo na magance matsaloli a gun dakaron ƙudus shi ne samar da tsari da taimakawa ga gungiyoyin gwagwarmaya a gabas ta tsakiya,kamar irin su Hizbullah da Hashadussha'abi a Iraƙ da Luwa'ul Faɗimiyyun a Afganistan da ridinar Ansarullah a Yaman. [11] kuma duk wannan gungiyoyin suna tarayya a yaƙar Amerika da Isra'il da duk shiya-shiryansu.[12] kuma Sayyid Ali Khamna'i yana ganin cewa, samar da karɓuwa da kuma farin jini ga Hizbullah a dukkan duniya ɗaya ne daga cikin burin Imamu Kwamaini Allah ya kara yarda a gareshi, kuma haka shi ne ɗaya daga cikin aiyukan rindinar ƙudus da take ƙarƙashin sojojin takife masu kare juyin-juya-hali na Iran. [13]
Halartar Masu Bada Shawarwari Da Kan Harkar Soja A Ƙasashe Daban-daban
ɗada daga cikin aikin rindinar ƙudus shi ne, bada shawara kan harkar tsaro da soja kan rikica-rikican gabas ta tsakiya. [14] ga wasu misalai na aiyukan rindinar ƙudus a ƙasashan gabas ta tsakiya;
- Ayyukansu A Ƙasar Bosniya
Ƙasa ta farko da dakarun Failaƙil ƙudus suka fara zuwa domin bada taimako a yanki Turai ita ce Bosniya.[15] bayan rigujewar tarayyar Sobiyat da ƙawayanta daga ciki hadda Yugsilabiya da shelanta ‘yanci kai da wasu ƙasashe sukayi kamar su, Bosniya da Harsak, saka makon haka sai yanƙin basasa ya ɓarke tsakanin ƙabilar Sabiya da Bushanƙ da karawat,[16] kuma sakamakon haka na kashe da yanka musulmi da yawa a Bosniya da Harsaƙ a hannun sojoji ‘yan bindiga na ƙabilar Sabiya. Saboda haka yazama aiki na farko da ya hau kan rindinar Failaƙil ƙudus shi ne, bada taimako ga musulmin Bosniya waɗanda suka kasance basu da ƙarfin soja.[17]
- Ayyaukansu A Afganistan
Samuwar rindinar Failaƙil ƙudus a Afganistan bayan yaƙar tarayyar Sobiyat da tayiwa Afganistan, yana ɗaya daga cikin aiyukan rindinar Failaƙ a wajan Iran.[18] yazamo ɗaya daga cikin aiyukan Failaƙil ƙudus a Afganistan shi ne samaar da gunya ta ‘yan gwagwarmaya ta ‘yan Shi'a mai suna, Al'ahzabus Samaniya wacca tayi ƙawance da gungiyar haɗin kai ta Afganistan, kazalika tayi aiki tare da gugiyar Jam'iyyatul Islamiyya ta Afganistan [Mulahaza 3] wacca Burhanuddin Rabbani da Ahmad Sha Mas'ud suka jagoranta.[19]
Yaƙin lubnan Na Tsawon Kwanaki 33 Yaƙin Lubnan na biyu shi ne yaƙin da ya barke tsakanin Isra'ila da ƙungiyar Hizbullah ta kasar Lubnan a shekara ta 2006, wanda ya ɗauki tsawon kwanaki 33. An bayyana cewa, Manjo Janar ƙassim Sulaimani, kwamandan dakarun ƙudus a lokacin yana nan a cikin mayaƙa a ɗakin gudanar da yaƙin tare da shugabannin Hizbullah a tsawon lokacin yakin[21]. Manjo Janar Sulaimani ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da ya yi cewa, goyan bayan Hizbullah a yakin Lubnan 2006 ya kasance a dukkan matakai da kuma goyan bayan kwantar da hankali da na kayan aiki, da samar da makamai da kayan aiki, da kuma tallafin kafofin watsa labarai, kuma duk wannan yafaru ne tare da goyan bayan Jagoran addini na Iran da muradin sauran jami'ai na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran[22].
- Yaƙar Ƴan Isis A Iraƙ Da Siriya
Yaƙi kan ‘yan Da'ash da ƙungiyoyi masu kafirta juna a Iraƙ da Siriya shi ne ɗaya daga ciki na ƙarsh-ƙarshanna da rindinar Failaƙil ƙudus tayi.[23] kuma yadda aiyukan nasu ya kasance shi ne bada shawara kan harkar soja da kuam tsara aikin soja da shugabantar aikin soja da kuma bada gudunmawa a lokacin aikin soja.[24]
- Samuwarsu A Yaman
Labari ya bambanta game da kasancewar dakarun ƙudus a Yaman. Kafofin yaɗa labarai masu alaƙa da kawance da Saudiyya sun yi iƙirarin kasancewar wasu mambobi da shugabannin dakarun ƙudus bayan juyin juya halin Yaman a shekara ta 2014.[25] A cewar waɗannan kafafen yaɗa labaran, wasu jami'an rundunar ƙudus ne ke da alhakin bayar da goyan baya, ko ginawa, ko tura makamai masu linzami da jirage marasa matuƙi, da makaman soji daga Iran zuwa ga dakarun Ansarullah na ƙasar Yaman.[26] A ɗaya hannun kuma, Rastam ƙasimi, mataimakin tattalin arziƙi na dakarun ƙudus na dakarun Failaƙil ƙudus wanda yake ƙarƙashin rundunar juyin juya halin Musulunci na Iran ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi cewa, dakarun ƙuds ba su da wani aiki ko samuwa a kasar Yaman[27].
Ƙarfafa Da Bayar da Taimako Ga Ƴan Gwagwarmayan Falatsinawa
Rundunar ƙuds na goyan bayan gwagwarmayar Palasɗinawa, a cewar wani shugaban Hamas, ƙasim Sulaimani, a lokacin da yake jagorantar rundunar ƙudus, ya fara samar da manyan makamai ga Hamas domin ƙalubalantar Isra'ila.[28] Har ila yau Ayatullah Khamna'i shugaban addini a Iran ya bayyana cewa: ƙasim Sulaimani ya taimaka wa falastinawa waɗada Amurkawa suke so su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin wani yanayi na rauni na dindindin, ta yadda ba za su iya tinkarar 'yan mamaya ba, Kuma domin sanya maƙiyansu su dannesu,ta fuskacin da ba yadda zasu iya yin gwagwarmaya ba, amma sakamakon taimakon da suka samu daga janaral ƙasim Sulaimani yasa wannan ƙaramin yanki ya iya tsayawa ta yadda zai yiyu wani ƙaramin yanki kamar Zirin Gaza ya tsaya tsayin daka kan Yahudawan Sahyoniya da dukkan iƙirarin ƙarfin da suke da shi.[29] A yayin wata wasiƙa da ya aike wa Ayatullah Khamna'i a watan Kurdad na shekara ta 1402 bayan hijira ta shamsi, babban sakataren kungiyar Jihadin Islama ta Falasdinu Ziyad Annakkala ya mika godiyarsa ga Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran bisa goyan bayan da take ba wa dakarun ƙudus da kwamandanta Isma'il ƙa'ani. Harin kwanaki 12 a yaƙin da ake yi tsakanin Falasdinawa da Isra'ila.[30] Isma'il ƙa'ani ya kuma sanar da goyan bayan wannan rundunarshi ga kungiyar Jihadi Islami bayan da aka kai farmakin Aƙsa[31].
Kare Hubbarori Masu Tsarki
An bayar da rahoton cewa, ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan dakarun ƙudus a cikin dakarun kare juyin juya hali shi ne kare wuraren ibada daga barazana da hare-haren kungiyoyin ISIS da gungiyuyi masu kafirta juna, musamman a Iraki da Siriya[32]. A halin da ake ciki, yunƙurin da ake na kare da fatattakar hare-haren da kungiyar ISIS ta kai a Samarra da nufin kwace haramin Imam Hadi A S da Imam Hassan Askari A S da kuma lalata su. a ranar 5 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014 miladiyya da kuma kula da yankuna a cikin birnin, na daga cikin muhimman ayyukan da wannan runduna ta gudanar domin kare wuraren ibada masu tsarki[33]. Dakarun ƙudus karkashin jagorancin Manjo Janar ƙasim Sulaimani, tare da haɗin kai da haɗin gwiwa da kungiyoyin gwagwarmaya da sojojin Iraki suna fatattakar waɗannan ‘yan ta'adda tare da tsarkake birnin daga dakarun takfiriyya masu kafirta mutane [34].