Miƙdadu Bn Amri
Mikdadu Bn Amri, (Larabci: المقداد بن عمرو) wanda aka fi sani da suna Mikdadu Bn Aswad, ya bar duniya a shekara ta 33 hijiri kamari, hakika ya kasance daga Manya-Manyan Sahabban Annabi (S.A.W) sannan kuma ya cikin `yan Shi’a na Imam Ali (A.S) na farko-farko, hakika Mikdadu ya kasance a layin farko cikin wanda suka muslunta a farkon aiko Annabi (S.A.W) kuma yana daga mutane na farko da suka bayyanar da musluncinsu, ya halarci baki dayan Yakoki na farkon muslunci, Mikdadu da Salmanul Farisi da Abu Zar da Ammar Bn Yasir sune farkon`yan Shi’ar Imam Ali (A.S)ya kasance tun zamanin Annabi (S.A.W) sun shahara da lakabin `yan Shi’a. Hakika bayan wafatin Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Mikdadu bai yi mubaya’a ga Abubakar ba, ya bada kariya da goyan ga Halifancin Imam Ali (A.S), kuma yana daga cikin mutanen da suka halarci Jana'izar Hazrat Zahara (S.A) hakika ya shahara cikin sabawa da halifancin Usman Bn Affan, hakika Mikdadu ya samu yabo cikin riwaya da aka nakalto daga Ahlil-Baiti cewa yana daga cikin mutanen da zasu dawo duniya a zamanin bayyanar Imam Mahadi (A.F).
Rayuwar Mikdadu Bn Aswad
Haihuwarsa da nasabarsa Mikdadu Bn Amri Bn Sa’alaba wanda akafi sani da Mikdadu Bn Aswad, babu cikakken tarihin shekara da ranar da aka haifeshi, sai dai cewa Malaman Tarihi sun bayyana shekara da ya bar duniya shekara ta 33 bayan hijira yana dan shekara 70 ya bar duniya [1] akwai tsammanin cewa shekara 24 gabanin aiko Annabi (S.A.W) shekara 37 kafin hijira aka haife shi. Malaman Sira da Masana tarihi sun zayyana nasabarsa har zuwa kan kakansa na hawa 20 tare da Ambato sunayen su. [2] An nakalto cewa wata jayayya ta kaure tsakanin Mikdadu da wani Mutum da ake kira da Abi Shimri Bn Hajar a garin Hadramauti da yake kasar Yaman, lamarin da ya kai wannan mutumi ya samu jin ciwo sakamakon wannan sabani, bayan gama wannan jayayya sai Mikdadu ya tafi garin Makka sai ya hada kai da kulla alkawari da Aswadu Bn Abdul Yagus Zuhri wanda ya kasance yana da dangantaka ta bangaren uba da Mikdadu, da wannan dalili ne ake kiransa da Mikdadu Bn Aswad a wani lokaci kuma da sunan Mikdadu Bn Zuhuri, sai dai cewa bayan saukar ayar da ke cewa: <centre>«ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ</centre> Ku kiraye su da sunayen Mahaifansu.[3] Sai aka koma kirsansa da Mikdadu Bn Amri. [4]
Alkunya da Lakubbansa
Mikdadu yana da lakubba misalin Baharayi ko kuma Baharawi [5] Kindi Hadarami, ana masa Alkunya da Abu Mu’abbid, Abu Sa’id da Abu Aswad. [6]
- Iyalansa
Matar Mikdadu, itace Dhabba’atu diyar Baffan Annabi (S.A.W) diyar Zubairu Bn Abdul’Muddalib [7] duk da cewa Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya matukar ganin girman gidan da ta fito amma tare da hakan ya aurar da ita ga Mikdad, yace: (ban aurar da diyar Baffana ga Mikdadu ba sai domin mutane su saukaka aure), ya zamana suna bada aure ga duk wani Mumini diyarsu ba tare da kallon daga wane gida ya fito ko menene matsayin da yake da shi ba. [8] `yayansa Hakika Mikdadu bn Amri ya kasance yana da `ya`ya guda Mace da Namiji Abdullahi da kuma Karima,[9] shi Abdullahi a lokacin Yakin Jamal ya kasance cikin rundunar A'isha kuma ya taimaka mata kan yakar Imam Ali (A.S) a filin yakin nema aka kashe shi, lokacin da Imam Ali (A.S) idon sa ya fada kan gawar Abdullahi Bn Mikdad sai yace: ku kuwa wadannan irin miyagun `ya`ya ne ku, wasu suna kiransa da sunan Mu’abbid. [10]
Wafatinsa da wurin da aka Binne shi
Mikdad a karshen rayuwarsa ya zauna a garin Jurfi wani gari ne da yake kusa da Madina a bangaren Sham sannan a shekara 33 hijiri kamari ya bar duniya yana da shekaru 70, an kawo jana’izarsa garin Madina Usman Bn Affan ne ya yi masa sallah aka kaishi Makabartar Baki’i a binne, [11] ana danganta wani kabari a da yake a garin Won a kasar Turkiyya da cewa Kabarin Mikdad ne, wasu ba’arin Malamai sunce ba kabarinsa bane kabarin Fadil Mikdad ne daya daga Manyan dattawan larabawa [12] bisa abinda aka nakalto ance Mikdad Bn Amri mutum Attajiri mai tarin dukiya kuma ya yi wasiyya da cewa dirhami dubu talatin da shida daga dukiyarsa a baiwa Hassan da Husaini (A.S) [13]
Zamanin Annabi (S.A.W) Ya Muslunta
A farko-farkon aiko Annabi (S.A.W) Mikdad ya karbi muslunci ya sha azaba a hannun Mushrikan Kuraishawa na Makka, Malaman tarihi suna kirga shi cikin sahun farko-farkon magabata a muslunci, amma batun ta yaya ya muslunta babu cikakken bayani,an nakalto daga Ibn Mas’ud cewa na farkon wadanda suka fara bayyana musluncinsu sun kasance mutane guda bakwai daya daga cikinsu shine Mikdad. [14]
Hijira
Karo biyu Mikdad Bn Amri yayi hijira, ta farko ya yi hijira zuwa Habasha cikin jerin gayya ta uku da Annabi (S.A.W)ya tura su hijira zuwa Madina, sannan hijirarsa ta biyu ya yi ta ne zuwa Madina, sai dai cewa tarihi bai tantance hakikanin lokacin da ya yi hijiarsa ba, sai dai cewa shaidu sun nuna cewa a shekara ta farkon hijira a watan Shawwal cikin jerin Rundunar Abu Ubaida sun yi hijira zuwa Madina. [15]
Hallararsa a Fagen Yaki
Annabi (S.A.W): Allah ya umarce ni da in so mutane 4, ya sanar da ni cewa yana son su: Ali, Mikdad, Abu Zar, Salman.
Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Al'isaba 1995 miladiyya/1415H, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 161.
Mikdad ya halarci baki Yakokin Annabi (S.A.W) ya kasance daga Jaruman cikin Sahabbai [16] a yakin Badar yana daga cikin mayaka mahayan Dawakai suna dokin (Sabhatu) ma’ana Mai iyo a ruwa, ta iya yiwuwa ya samu wannan sunan ne sakamakon jarumtakar Mikdad a fagen yaki. [17] A yakin Uhudu ya taka rawa ya bada gudummawa, a karshen yakin Uhudu kusan kaso mai yawa daga mayaka sun tsere, tarihi ya nakalto cewa wadanda suka tsaya kyam tareda Manzon (S.A.W) sune Imam Ali (A.S) Dalhatu,Zubairu, Abu Dujanatu, Abdullahi Bn Mas’ud, Mikdadu sune kadai basu tsere ba [18] wasu sun nakalto cewa Mikdadu ya kasance cikin ayarin Maharban Muslunci a yakin Uhudu [19] wasu kuma sun tafi kan cewa shi da Zubairu sun kasance kwamandojin muslunci a wannan yaki. [20] Mikdad tare da Salmanu da Ammar da Abu Zar sune `yan shi’a na farko a zamanin Manzon (S.A.W) da suka shahara da wannan sunan. [21]
Kariyar da Mikdadu ya baiwa Halifan Annabi (S.A.W) Ali (A.S)
Bayan wafatin Manzon Allah (da kuma zabar Abubakar matsayin halifa Magajin Annabi (S.A.W) an samu wasu adadi yan kadan daga musulmai da suka karkata zuwa ga (A.S) suka kiyaye Alkawari suka ki yarda su yi mubaya’a ga Abubakar, daga cikinsu akwai Abu Zar da Mikdadu, shi bai ma halarci wurin taron Sakifa ba, shi da Imam Ali (A.S) da wasu adadin sahabbai suna wurin shirya Jana’izar Manzon Allah (S.A.W) [22] ya zo a riwaya cewa hakika ya kasance cikin adadin wanda suka sallaci jana’izar Hazrat Zahara (S) [23] wasu Masadir din sun bayyana cewa yana daga cikin ayarin Shurdatu Khamis. [24] Mikdad a wurare masu yawa ya tunanar da Abubakar da mutanensa kan halifancin Imam Ali ((A.S), ya kuma yi bakin kokarinsa cikin ankarar da mutane da yi fayyace musu hakikanin yanda lamari yake, zamu kawo wasu wurare domin su zama misali kan irin yanda ya bada kariya da gudummawa ga Imam (A.S). 1 Bayan mutane sun yiwa Abubakar mubaya’a, wasu gayya daga mutanen Makka Muhajirun da mutanen Madina Ansar sun ki bada mubaya’arsu ga Abubakar sun koma wurin daga cikinsu akwai Mikdadu. [25] 2 lokacin da mutane arab’in su ka zo wurin Imam (A.S) suka ce masa (hakika mun shirya tsaf domin baka kariya) sai yace musu (idan har kun tsaya kyam kan abinda kuka yi alkawari to gobe ku aske gashin kanku ku zo wurina) washe gari babu wanda ya zo sai Salmanul Farisi, Abu Zar, Mikdadu su ne suka aske gashin kansu su ka je wajensa. [26] Sannan kuma kan batun kwamitin Shura mai dauke da mutane shida da Usman Bn Affan ya samar domin ayyana wanda zai gaje shi a bayansa, lokacin da Abdur-Rahman Bn Aufi ya cewa Ali (A.S) zan maka mubaya'a kan sharadin yin aiki da littafin Allah da sunnar Annabinsa da kuma bin tsarin Abubakar da Umar, sai Imam Ali ((A.S) ya karbi sharadi na farko da na biyu ma’ana aiki da littafin Allah da kuma sunnar Annabinsa, Mikdadu ya juya ya kalli Abdur-Rahman yace: na rantse da Allah hakika ka yi watsi da Allah,hakia shi Ali mutum da yake hukunci da gaskiya da adalci, ya cigaba da cewa ni ban taba ganin wani mutum ko wani dangi da aka zalunta bayan Annabi ba kamar Ahlin gidansa. [27]
Hakika Mikdadu ya bayyana rashin amincewarsa da halifanci Usman Bn Affan a masallacin Madina ya shelanta bai amintu da wannan halifanci ba. [28] Yakubi babban Malamin tarihi ya nakalto cewa Usman Bn Affan a daren da akai masa mubaya’a ya fito daga gida domin sallar Isha’i a gabansa aka kukkuna fitilu sai Mikdadi ya hadu da shi yace masa wannan bida’ar daga ina kuma [29] a bayanin Yakubi ya kawo cewa Mikdadu yana daga cikin masu yawan sukan Usman sannan ya karkata zuwa ga Imam Ali (A.S). [30]
Cikin Riwayoyin Ahlil-Baiti
Akwai wasu adadin hadisai da suka zo daga Ahlil-Baiti (A.S) dangane da Mikdadu da galibin suna Magana ne kan falalarsa da kususiyarsa da cikin kyawawan dabiu da kuma bayani kan imaninsa: 1 soyayyar da Annabi (S.A.W) yake yiwa Mikdadu yana cewa: Allah ya umarce ni da in so mutane hudu, sai wani mutum ya tambayi a gaya masa ko su wanene, sai yace: Ali da Salman, Mikdadu da Abu Zar. [31] 2 samun Aljannar Mikdadu, an karbo daga Anas Bn Malik wata rana Manzon Allah (S.A.W) yace: aljanna tana shaukin mutane guda hudu daga cikin al’ummata, yayin da Imam Ali (A.S) ya nemi sanin ko su waye, sai Annabi (S.A.W) yace: na rantse da Allah kai na mutum na farko cikinsu sannan kuma sauran mutum ukun sune Mikdadu Salmanu da Abu Zar. Haka zalika Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cikin tafsirin ayar <centre> «إِنَّ الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ کانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا»[۳۲]</centre> Hakika wadanda suka yi Imani suka yi aiki na kwarai aljannar Firdausi ta kasance masaukin su. [32] Sai yaceL wannan aya ta sauka ne kan Abu Zar da Mikdadu da Salmanu da Ammar. [33] 3- Imanin Mikdadu: an nakalto daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) Imani daraja goma ne Mikdadu yana daraja ta takwas Abu Zar kuma yana daraja ta tara Salmanu kuma yana daraja ta goma. [34] 4 aiki da ayar muwadda, Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) dangane wannan ayar <centre> (قُل لا أَسئَلُکم عَلَیهِ أَجراً إِلاَّ المَوَدَّةَ فِی القُربی)[۳۵]</centre> [35] Yana cewa: na rantse da Allah babu wanda suka yi aiki da wannan ayar sai mutane bakwai kuma Mikdadu yana daya daga cikinsu.[36] 5 Mikdadu yana daga Ahlil-Baiti: wata rana Jabir bn Abdullahi Ansari ya tambayi Annabi (S.A.W) dangane da Salmanu da Mikdadu da Abu Zar, sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi Magana kan kowanne daya daga cikinsu, dangane da Mikaddu yana cewa: shi Mikdadu daga garemu yake, Allah yana kin wanda yake kin Mikdadu, haka kuma yana son wanda yake son Mikdadu, ya Jabir idan kana son Allah ya amsa addu’arka, ka roki Allah da sunan Mikdadu wannan suna a wurin Allah yana daga mafi kyawun suna. [37] 6 cika alkawarin Mikdadu ga Imam Ali (A.S) Imam Bakir (A.S) yana cewa: mutane bayan Manzon Allah (S.A.W) sun kauce hanyar da tsarin Annabi (S.A.W) ya barsu akai in banda mutane uku: Salmanu da Abu Zar da Mikdadu [38] a wasu riwayoyin kuma an bayyana Mikdadu a matsayin mafi biyayya cikin Sahabban Imam Ali (A.S) [39] 7 dawowar Mikdadu duniya, bisa dogara da riwayoyi, Mikdadu yana daga cikin mutanen da za su dawo duniya a zamanin bayyanar Imam Mahadi (A.S) kuma zai kasance daga mataimaka da kwamandojinsa. [40] 8 wajabcin soyayyar Mikdadu: Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) yace: soyayya ga wasu mutane da basu fandare basu karkace a bayan Annabi (S.A.W) wajibi kan dukkkanin musulmi, sai ya kidayo wasu adadi daga wadannan mutane Muminai daga cikinsu akwai Salmanu da Abu Zar da Mikdadu. [41] 9 ambashi Mata ta musamman a Aljanna: Hazrat Zahara ta cewa Salmanu: wasu kyawawan Mata guda uku a Magaribar wafatin Mahaifina Annabi (S.A.W) sun zo wurina, sun ce mini su Matan Aljanna ne sunansu: Zarra, wacce take mata ga Abu Zar, Makdudatu Matar Mikdad, Salma kuma matar Salmanu, suka ce Allah ya halicce su ga wadannan Bayin Allah guda uku. [42]
Nakalto Hadisai
Hakika Mikdadu ya nakalto hadisai daga Annabi (S.A.W) sannan kuma an rawaici hadisai daga gareshi daga cikin wadanda suka rawaito daga hannunsa akwai Sulaimu Bn Kais, da Anas Bn Malik, da Abdullahi Bn Abbas da Abdullahi Bn Mas’ud da Abdur-Rahman Bn Abi Laila, da Abu Ayyub Ansari da Dhabba’atu Bintu Zubairu Bn Abdul Muddalib wato matarsa da diyarsa Karim. [43]
Kallo da Ido Daya
- Kitabu Simaye Mikdad wallafar Muhammad Muhammadi Ishtihardi wanda cibiyar Fayam Islam ta buga shi.
- Littafin Mikdadu wallafar Muhammad Kamarani cibiyar Intisharatu hadis ta buga shi.
- Littafin Salhaye Sakti wani sharhi kan rayuwar MIkdadu an tsara shi ne da tsarri Kissa tareda kyawawan hotuna.
- Littafin Mikdadu Bn Aswad Alkindi jarumi mahayi na farko a muslunci wanda Muhammad Jawad Alfakihi ya wallafa kuma cibiyar A’alami ta Lubnan ta buga shi.
- Salsalatu Arkanul Arba’atu juzi hudu ne amma a juzi na uku yayi Magana sharhi kan Mikdadu, Muhammad Jawad Fakihi ya wallafa shi da yaren larabci kuma an buga a kasar Lubnan.
- Littafin Ma’assahaba Wat tabbi’in wallafar Kamal Sayyid wanda ya kasance juzi 14 a juzi na 6 yayi Magana ne kan Mikdadu, wannan ya wallafa shi da yaren larabci cibiyar Ansariyan Qom suka buga shi.
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqlani, Al-Esabah, 1995 miladiyya/1415H, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 161.
- ↑ Ibn Hazm Andalusi, Jamrah Ansab al-Arab, Darul Maarif, shafi na 441.
- ↑ Suratul Ahzab, aya ta 5.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqlani, Al-Esabah 1995 miladiyya/1415 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 160; Moghrizi, emta'ul al-Asma, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 57.
- ↑ Ibn Hazm Andalusi, Jamrah Ansab al-Arab, Darul Maarif, shafi na 441.
- ↑ Mamqani, Tangih al-Maqal, 1352 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 245.
- ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 205.
- ↑ Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 265.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqlani, Al'esabah, 1415 Hijira/1995 Miladiyya, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 22.
- ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 264-265.
- ↑ Ibn Saad, Tabaqat al-Kubari, 1410, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 121; Amin, Ayan al-Shia, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 134; Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 1, shafi.204; Zarkali, Al-Alam, 1980, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 282.
- ↑ Qomi, Mentehi al-Amal, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 228.
- ↑ Mezzi, Tahzib Al-Kamal, 1400 AH, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 452.
- ↑ Ibn Athir, Usdal Ghabah, 1970. Juzu'i na 5, shafi na 242.
- ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 1, shafi.205; Mamqani, Qamoos Al-Rajal, Beta, Mujalladi na 9, shafi na 114.
- ↑ Zarkali, Al-Alam, 1980, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 282
- ↑ Ibn Saad, Tabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 120.
- ↑ Ibn Saad, Tabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 114.
- ↑ Ibn Athir, Usdul Al-Ghaba, 1970, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 242.
- ↑ Ibn Athir, Al-Kamal fi Al-Tarikh, Beirut, Dar Sadir, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 152.
- ↑ Duba: Nobakhti, Feraq Al-Shia, 1404H, shafi na 18.
- ↑ Majlesi, Mohammad Baqer, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 328.
- ↑ Kashi, Ektiyar Marafah Al-Rejal, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 34
- ↑ Khoi, Majam Rijal al-Hadith, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 188.
- ↑ Abhi, Nasru Durru fi Almuhadarat, 1424 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 277; Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharhin Nahj al-Balaghah, 1418 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 137-138; Sheikh Sadouq, Al-Khasal, 1403H, shafi na 461-465.
- ↑ Yaqoubi, Tarikh Yaqoubi, 1373, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 126.
- ↑ Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, Beirut, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 233
- ↑ Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, Beirut, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 233.
- ↑ Yaqoubi, Tarikh Yaqoubi, 1373, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 54.
- ↑ Yaqoubi, Tarikh Yaqoubi, 1373, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 54-55.
- ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-Ekhetsas, Jamia Madrasin, shafi na 9.
- ↑ Suratul Kahf, aya ta:107.
- ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 151.
- ↑ Qomi, Sheikh Abbas, Mantehi al-Amal, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 228
- ↑ Suratul Shuri, aya ta 23
- ↑ Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403, juzu'i na 23, shafi na 237.
- ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-EKhtisas, Jamia Modaresin, shafi na 223.
- ↑ Khoi, Majam Rijal al-Hadith, 1410 Hijira, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 186
- ↑ Keshi, Ektiyar Marafah Al-Rejal, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 46.
- ↑ Mofid, Al-Ershad, 2008, shafi na 636.
- ↑ Khoi, Majam Rijal al-Hadith, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 187
- ↑ Kashi, Rizal Kash-shi, shafi na 39; Mamqani, Tangih al-Maqal, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 236.
- ↑ Khoei, Majam Rizal al-Hadith, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 185; Mezzi, Tahdhib al-Kamal, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 453-454..
Nassoshi
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- Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Ezz al-Din ibn Hibatullah, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, wanda Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Nimri ya yi bincike a Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya, bugu na farko, 1418H/1998 miladiyya.
- Ibn Athir, Ali Ibn Muhammad, Usdul al-Ghaba, bincike na Muhammad Ibrahim al-Banna, Beirut, Dar al-Ahiya al-Truth al-Arabi, 1970.
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- Ibn Saad, Muhammad Ibn Saad, Tabaqat Al-Kubra, wanda Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Atta ya yi bincike a Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya, 1410 AH, bugun farko.
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- Khoi, Abu al-Qasim, Mujam Rizal al-Hadith, Shi'a Works Publishing Center, Qum, 1410 AH/1369 AH.
- Zarkali, Khair al-Din, Al-Alam, juzu'i na 7, Beirut: Dar al-Alam Lalmlayin, 1980.
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- Sheikh Sadouq, Ayoun Akhbar al-Reza (AS), Tehran, Nash Jahan, 1387H.
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