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Ayar Saifi

Daga wikishia
Ayar Saifi
bayanan aya
sunan ayaSaifu
akwai shi cikin suraTauba
lambar aya5
juzu’i10
bayanan abin da yake ciki
wurin saukaMadina
maudu’iAƙida
game daMu'amala da Mushrikai
ayoyi masu alaqaAya ta 5 suratul hajji, aya ta 29 suratul tauba, aya ta 19 da 191 da 193 suratul baƙara


Ayar Saifi ko ayar yaƙi (Larabci: آية السّيف أو آية القِتال) aya ta 5 suratul tauba, cikin wannan aya ana umartar musulmai bayan Jinkirita ta watanni huɗu da su tashi su yaƙi Mushrikai su karkashe su, ko kuma su kama su matsayin fursunonin yaƙi tar da kewaye su, ko kuma su miƙa wuya su muslunta. A cewar malaman tafsiri na Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna, abin da ake nufi da mushrikai a wannan aya, su ne mushrikan da suka karya alƙawarin da aka ƙulla da su a zamanin Annabi (S.A.W); tare da haka wasu jama'a daga Salafiyya masu ra'ayin jihadi, sun jingina da wannan aya cikin ƙaddamar da jihadi ibtida'i.

Wasu jama'a daga malamai sun tafi kan cewa ayar saifi ta yi nasakin (Goge) ba'arin ayoyi da suke ɗauke da batun sulhu, karɓar jiziya da fidiya, kishiyar wannan ra'ayi na su, an samu wasu malamai da su kuma suke ganin cewa ayar saifi ba wata aya da ta goge, bari ma dai cikin ayar da ta biyo bayanta Allah ya umarci Annabi, idan wani mutum daga Mushrikai ya nemi mafaka da kai domin ya saurari maganar Allah, to ka bashi dama ya fake da kai, sannan ka kai shi amintaccen wuri.

Aya ta 29 suratul tauba da 39 suratul hajji su ma ana kiransu da ayar saifi da yaƙi.

Nazarin Wannan Aya

Ayar saifi ko ace ayar yaƙi, aya ce ta 5 suratul tauba. Daidai da abin da ya zo cikin wannan aya, malamai sun ce: A cikin shekara ta 9 bayan hijira, an umarci Musulmi, bayan jinkiritawar watanni huɗu da aka bai wa Mushrikai, su tunkare su da tsanantawa misalin karkashe su, kame su da kewaye su.[1]

Bisa wannan aya, idan Mushrikai suka miƙa wuya suka muslunta kafin ƙarewar lokacin a aka basu na jinkirin watannin huɗu, kuma suka raya muhimman ibadojin muslunci misalin sallah da zakka, to za su kasance cikin aminci, babu bambanci su da sauran musulmi, kuma za su amfana da dukkanin abin da sauran musulmi suke amfana da shi.[2] Bayani game da tsayar da sallah da ba da zakka da ya zo cikin wannan aya, wata alama ce game da tuba da imani.[3] A cewar Makarim Shirazi, daga zahirin wannan aya za a iya fahimtar cewa zaɓar ɗaya daga cikin batutuwa guda huɗu watau: "Toshe hanyoyi, kewaye su, kame su da kashe su” bai kasance bisa zaɓi ba; bari dai yana dacewa da yanayi da sharaɗin lokaci da wuri, da za su hukunta ɗaukar ɗaya daga cikin huɗun tare da yin aiki da shi.[4]

Jinkirin watanni huɗu da aka bai wa Mushrikai a cikin waɗan ne watanni ni ya kasance, Malaman tafsiri suna da mabambantan ra'ayoyi. Wasu suna ganin su ne watanni masu alfarma.[5] Sai dai kuma galibin malaman tafsiri suna ganin wasu watanni ne daban da suka fara daga 9 ga watan Zil-Hijja shekara 9 bayan hijira zuwa 10 ga watan Rabi'us sani shekara ta 10 bayan hijira.[6]

Wasu daga malaman fiƙihu tare da jingina da ayar saifi, sun sanya Tarikus salati matsayin murtaddi, kuma wajibi ne a kashe shi; saboda cikin wannan aya an lissafa sallah cikin ɗaya daga sharuɗɗa da za su hana kashe Mushrikai.[7] wasu ba'ari daga malaman tafsiri, suna lissafa aya ta 29 suratul tauba,[8][Tsokaci 1]aya ta 39 suratul hajji[Tsokaci 2] matsayin ayar saifi da yaƙi.[9]

فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ To, idan watanni masu alfarma suka shige, to, ku kashe waɗanda suka yi shirka duk inda kuka same su, kuma ku kama su, kuma ku tsare su, kuma ku yi musu kwanto a cikin kowane madama. To, idan sun tuba, kuma suka tsayar da sallah, kuma suka bayar da zakka, to, ku buɗa musu hanya. Kuma Allah Mai gafara ne, Mai jin ƙai..


(Quran: Tauba: Aya ta 5)


Yaƙi Da Mushrikai Da Suka Karya Alƙawari

Ba'arin malaman tafsiri sun ce wanda ake nufi da Mushrikai cikin wannan aya su ne mushrikan da suka karya alƙawari a zamanin Annabi (S.A.W) bayan sun ƙulla alƙawari tsakaninsu da Annabi da Musulmai, amma tare da hakan sai suka ci amana suka karya alƙawari.[10] Wasu kuma sun ce abin nufi daga Mushrikai a cikin ayar su ne mushrikan da suka kasance suna shirya makirci da kuma Kafirai harbi (Kafiran yaƙi).[11]

An ce Rashid Rida (Rasuwa: 1935 miladiyya) malamin tafsiri Ahlus-Sunna, a cikin tafsirinsa ya yi bayani da cewa waɗanda ake magana akansu a cikin wannan aya da sauran ayoyin da suka shafi yaƙi su ne Mushirkan Makka kawai. Ya kuma jaddada cewa Allah ya ambaci dalilin yaƙin da su saboda yawan karya alkawari da suka riƙa yi.[12] Muhammad Izzat (Rasuwa: 1984 miladiyya) malamin tafsiri Ahlus-sunna ya yi imani da cewa maudu'in hukunce-hukunce na farko-farkon suratul tauba, su ne wannan gungun jama'a daga Mushrikai da suka karya alƙawari, daidain lokacin da Annabi ya shagaltu da yaƙin tabuka, su kuma sai suka kasance sun mayar da hankali cikin shirya tuggu da makirci kan Musulmai.[13] A nasa ra'ayin game hukuncin wannan aya kan bakiɗayan Mushrikai ba komai ba ne face ci da karfi da tilasta ma'anar da ba ta zo cikin ayar ba, haka ma ba at dacewa da yadda aka koro ayar da siyaƙinta dama abin da ta ƙunsa.[14]

Ba'arin masu zurfafa bincike sun ce aya ta 5 suratul tauba ta zamanto ayar da jama'a daga Salafiyya masu ra'ayin jihadi suke riƙo da ita don ƙaddamar da jihadi ibtida'i.[15] suna ganin wannan ayar ta goge hukuncin bakiɗayan ayoyin sulhu da afuwa, kuma waɗanda ake nufi da Mushrikai a cikin ayar su ne bakiɗayan Kafirai, babu bambanci Kafirai harbi ne ko ba harbi ba.[16] kishiyar wannan ra'ayi, wasu suna ganin wannan fassara da ta gabata fassara ce da take kan kuskure, da kuma ƙoƙarin fassara addini matsayin tilashi daga abin da suka ɗauko bisa kuskure daga wannan aya wanda zai iya haifar da munana fuskar addinin muslunci, wanda zai iya samar da tasirin miyagun aƙidu cikin musulmi.[17]

Kasancewar Wannan Aya Nasikh Ko Mansukh

A ra'ayin ba'arin malaman tafsiri, ayar saifi ta yi nasakin (Goge) ayoyi guda 124 da suke magana game da sulhu da afuwa da fidiya gaban Mushrikai.[18] Wasu kuma suna da ra'ayin cewa wannan aya an nasakinta da ayoyin afuwa da sulhu.[19] A mahangar wasu kuma daban, ayar saifi da aya ta 4 suratul Muhammad da suke ishara dangane da karɓar fidiya daga Mushrikai, basu kasance ayoyi da suke nasaki da shafe junansu ba, duka ayoyin biyu sun kasance daga ayoyi muhkamat (Ayoyi da hukuncinsu yake bayyane), saboda Annabi ya yi umarni da yaƙi da kuma sulhu da karɓar fidiya duka a kan Mushrikai.[20]

Ba'arin malaman tafsiri suna ganin cewa wannan aya tana da alaƙa da ayar da ta zo a bayanta.[21] Cikin ayar da ta zo daga baya, Allah ya umarci Annabi idan wani daga Muhsrikai ya nemi mafaka domin ya saurari maganar Allah, to ya ba shi mafaka, sannan ya kai shi amintaccen mahalli.[22][Tsokaci 3]Rashid Rida (Rasuwa: 1935 miladiyya) malamin tafsiri Ahlus-Sunna, yana da ra'ayin cewa wannan aya an keɓance da ayar takobi, sakamakon ba'ari daga Mushrikai ba su saurari maganar Allah, kuma da'awa ba ta zo musu a kammale ba, da wannan dalili ne Allah ya bar musu hanyar gano gaskiya a buɗe, sannan aka keɓance hukunce hukuncin ayar saifi.[23]

Wasu ba'ari sun ce batun kasancewa ayar saifi matsayin ayar da ta goge ayoyin sulhu da afuwa magana ce da ba ta inganta ba, saboda aya ta 29 suratul tauba wace ta biyo bayan ayar saifi, aya ce da ta tabbatar da cikakken ƴancin Ahlul-Kitab bayan sun biya jiziya.[24]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, Juz 9, shafi na 152.
  2. ↑ Baydawi, Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta’wil, 1418 AH, juzu’i. 3, Shafi na 71.
  3. ↑ Baydawi, Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta’wil, 1418 AH, juzu’i. 3, Shafi. 71.
  4. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Nomuneh, 1371,Juz. 7, Shaifi na. 292.
  5. ↑ Hashemi Rafsanjani, Rahnama, 2007, Juz. 7, Shafi na. 16; Najafi Javaheri, Jawaher al-Kalam, 2013, Juz. 21, Shafi na. 33.
  6. ↑ Tabarsi, Majma' al-Bayan, 1372 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 12; Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i. 9, shafi. 151.
  7. ↑ Astarabadi, Ayat al-Ahkam, Maktaba al-Miraji, juzu'i. 1, Shafi. 249.
  8. ↑ Khoi, Al-Bayan, 1430 AH, shafi. 286.
  9. ↑ Markazi Ittila'at Wa Madarik Islami, Farhange Ulum Qur'an, 2015, Juz. 1, Shafi. 415.
  10. ↑ Kashfi, Tafsir al-Husayn (Mawahib Alaihi), Noor Kitabe furushi, shaifi. 398; Fayz Kashani, Tafsir al-Safi, 1415 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 322. Ashkvari, Tafsir al-Sharif al-Lahiji, 1373 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 227. Baydawi, Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta’wil, 1418H, juzu’i. 3, shafi. 71.
  11. ↑ Qurashi Banabi, Tafsiri Ahsan al-Hadith, 1375, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 188.
  12. ↑ Armin, Juryanhaye Tafsir Mu'asir, 2017, shafi. 140.
  13. ↑ Armin, Juryanhaye Tafsir Mu'asir, 2017, shafi. 395.
  14. ↑ Armin, Juryanhaye Tafsir Mu'asir, 2017, shafi. 395.
  15. ↑ Lotfi, “Nakze Didgahe Salafiyye Jihadi Darbaraye Jihadi Ibditayi ba takiyye bar Aye 5 Surah At-Tauba,” shafi na 5. 35.
  16. ↑ Lotfi, “Nakze Didgahe Salafiyye Jihadi Darbaraye Jihadi Ibditayi ba takiyye bar Aye 5 Surah At-Tauba,” shafi na 5. 35.
  17. ↑ Shayeq, "Halle Ta'aruz Zahiri Baina Ayat Saifi Wa Nafye Ikrahe Wa tasirin An Dar Mas'alae Azadi Dar Intikab dini," shafi. 82.
  18. ↑ Suyuti, Al-It-Taqan, 1415 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 51; Jazayeri, Al-Marjan Contracts, 1388 AH, Juz. 2, Shafi. 288.
  19. ↑ Al-Nahhas, Naiskh Wa Mansukh, 1408H, shafi na. 493.
  20. ↑ Shah Abdul Azimi, Tafsir Ithna-Ashari, 1363, juzu'i. 5, Shafi. 22.
  21. ↑ Rashid Reza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i. 10, Shafi. 159.
  22. ↑ Suratul Tauba, aya ta 6.
  23. ↑ Rashid Reza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 159.
  24. ↑ Shayeq, "Halle Ta'aruz Zahiri Baina Ayat Saifi Wa Nafye Ikrahe Wa tasirin An Dar Mas'alae Azadi Dar Intikab dini," shafi. 81

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ «قَاتِلُوا الَّذِینَ لَا یُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْیَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا یُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا یَدِینُونَ دِینَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِینَ أُوتُوا الْکِتَابَ حَتَّیٰ یُعْطُوا الْجِزْیَةَ عَنْ یَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ؛, Tarjama:"Ku yaƙi waɗanda ba su yi imãni da Allah da Ranar Lahira ba daga Mutanen da aka zo ma da Littãfi, kuma ba su haramta abin da Allah da ManzonSa suka haramta ba, kuma ba su bin addinin gaskiya, har sai sun bãyar da haraji da ƙanƙan da kai."
  2. ↑ «أُذِنَ لِلَّذِینَ یُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَیٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِیرٌ,Tarjama: An ba da izni ga waɗanda aka wajabta yãƙi a kansu, sakamakon zaluntar Su, kuma lalle ne Allah, haƙiƙa, a kan taimakon su, Mai Ikon yi ne.
  3. ↑ «وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِکِینَ اسْتَجَارَکَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّیٰ یَسْمَعَ کَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ ۚ ذٰلِکَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا یَعْلَمُونَ. Tarjama:"Kuma idan daya daga cikin mushirikai ya nemi mafaka, da kariya gareka, ka ba shi kariya har sai ya ji kalmar Allah, to, ka dauke shi zuwa ga amitanccen wuri, domin su mutane ne da ba su sani ba."

Nassoshi

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