Ayar Sa'ala Sa'ilin

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Ayar Sa'ala Sa'ilin

Ayar Sa'ala Sa'ilin (Larabci:آية سأل سائل) ayoyi ne guda biyu, ta ɗaya da ta biyu a cikin suratul Ma'arij, kuma sun sauka ne akan wani kafiri da ya tambayi Manzon Allah (S.A.W) kan cewa Allah ya saukar mi shi da azaba, kamar yadda masu tafsiri suka ce, dutse ya faɗo a kan shi, nan take ya halaka. Sai dai cewa su malaman tafsiri na Shi'a sun tafi kan cewa ita wannan aya ta sauka ne a kan Nu'uman ɗan Haris Alfihri lokacin da ya nuna rashin amincewarsa kan wilayar Imam Ali (A.S) da naɗin da manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya yi a ranar Ghadir kan cewa shi ne halifan manzon Allah (S.A.W) bayan rasuwar sa

ɗan Taimiyya shugaban `yan salafiyya ya yi inkarin saukar wannan aya a ranar waƙi'ar Ghadir sabo da cewa ita suratul Ma'arij sura ce da ta sauka a makka, Amma shi kuma abin da aka anbata na Annu'aman ɗan Haris ba sananna abu ba ne.

Sai dai cewa Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i ya bashi amsar maganar shi, cewa duk da cewa siyaƙin wasu ayoyi na wannan sura yana kama da sura wadda ta sauka a Makka, to amma wasu daga cikin ayoyinta Madaniyya ne. sabo da su ayoyin suna magana akan munafukai da wajabcin Zakka, kamar yadda shi ma Allama Amini mai littafin Alghadir ya kawo maganar saukar wannan aya a ranar Ghadir daga malamai fiye da talatin na ahlus-sunna.

Nassin Aya

﴾سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ لِّلْكَافِرِ‌ينَ لَيْسَ لَهُ دَافِعٌ﴿
Mai tambaya ya yi tambaya akan azaba mai afkowa akan Kafirai wadda take babu makawa sai ta faru.


(Quran:Ma'arij: 1)


Mai tambaya ya yi tambaya akan azaba mai afkowa akan Kafirai wadda take babu makawa sai ta faru.

Allama ɗabaɗaba'i ya ce wannan ayoyi guda biyu akwai ƙasƙantar da wanda ya yi tambaya akan azaba a cikinsu akwai saukar da azaba,[1] kalmar tambaya da take cikin wannan aya tana nufin neman addu'a.[2]

Sha'anin Nuzul

Wasu daga cikin malaman tafsiri na Shi'a sun tafi akan cewa ayar farko cikin suratul Ma'arij ta saukane akan nu'uman ɗan Haris Alfihri lokacin da ya nuna rashin amincewa da shugabancin Imam Ali (A.S) da naɗin da manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya yi mishi a ranar ghadir.[3] bisa abun da ya zo a ruwayoyi da litatafai na tafsiri lokacin da nu'uman ya ji maganar halifanci na Imam Ali (A.S), sai ya cewa manzan Allah (S.A.W) ka bamu umarni daga Allah kan cewa mu sheda kan cewa babu wani ubangiji sai Allah da kuma cewa kai manzon shi ne kuma ka bamu umarni da mu yi Jahadi da Hajji da Azumi da Sallah da Zakka, sai muka yarda, sannan bai isheka ba har sai ka naɗa wannan yaro ya zama shugaba bayanka? Ka ce duk wanda na zama majiɓincin al'amarin shi to bayan bani Ali (A.S) shi ne majiɓincin al'amarin shi, shi wannan abin daga gare ka ne ko daga Allah? Sai manzon Allah ya ce na rantse da Allah da ba wani sai shi wannan abun (wato naɗa Imam Ali (A.S) a matsayin halifa) daga Allah ne

Sai Annu'uman ya ce Allah idan wannan abin gaskiya ne kuma daga gare ka,to ka yi mana ruwan duwatsu daga sama, sai dutse ya faɗo daga sama akan shi nantake ya mutu, sai wannan aya ta sauka.[4]

Akwai wasu daga cikin masu tafsiri sun tafi kan cewa ayar ta sauka ne akan Anndar ɗan Haris,[5] lokacin da ya cewa manzon Allah (S.A.W) yana mai isgili,yana cewa Allah idan wannan abin (wato naɗa Imam Ali (A.S) a matsayin halifa) gaskiya ne kuma daga gare ka,t o kayi mana ruwan duwatsu daga sama ko kuma ka saukar mana da azaba mai raɗaɗi.[6] sai wannan aya ta sauka,[7] lalle san da saka anbaci wannan magana, kuma sun rinjayar da maganar farko wato saukarta kan Annu'aman ɗan Haris.[8] kamar yadda aka ce ayar ta saukane akan Abi Jahal lokacin da ya ce,

فَأَسْقِطْ عَلَيْنا كِسَفاً مِنَ السَّماءِ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ

Ka saukar mana da girgiji na azaba daga sama idan ka kasanci mai gaskiya.[9][10]

Ibn Taimiyya Ya ce

Alusi da ɗan Taimiyya waɗanda daga cikin malaman tafsiri na Ahlus-suna sun tafi kan cewa wannan ayar bata da alaƙa abin da ya faru a ranar ghadir, sabo da suratul Ma'arij Makkiyya ce, kuma ta sauka ne kafin hijirar Annabi (S.A.W) zuwa Madina. Amma abin da ya faru a ghadir ya faru ne a shekara ta goma bayan hijirar Annabi lokacin da yake dawowa daga hajjin bankwana.[11]

Sai dai Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i ya bashi amsa kan maganar shi. bisa abin da ya zo a cikin wannan sura na ayoyi masu tabbatar da cewa wannan ayar ta farko ta sauka ne a Madina, duk da cewa siyaƙin wasu ayoyin nata yana kama da surorin da suka sauka a Makka, daga cikin iri wannna ayoyin akwai aya ta 24 wace take magana akan zakka waccce aka saukar da ita da shar'anta ta a madina ba a Makka ba.[12] Sai Allama ɗabaɗaba'i ya ƙara da cewa wannan ayoyin sun fi da cewa da Munafukai, shi kuma munafirci ya baiyana ƙarara ne a Madina ba a Makka ba.[13]

Ibn Taimiyya ya ce: saukar da azaba akan Haris ɗan Nu'man ya faru ne lokacin da annabi yana da rai wannan bai dace da abin da aka sauka a cikin suratul Anfal a aya ta 33 yayin da Allah yake magana da manzonshi yana ce mi shi;

وَمَا كَانَ اللهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَأنْتَ فِيهِمْ

Allah ba ikasance mai san ya azabtar da su ba, alhali kai wato Annabi Muhammad kana cikinsu.

Sai ɗan Taimiyya ya ce bai halasta ba Allah ya saukar da azaba lokacinn da annabi yake raye. ya ƙara da cewa shi Hari ɗan Numan ya kasance musulmi, sabo an umarce shi da shikashikan musulinci guda biyar, Ibn taimiyya ya ce kuma babu wani labarin saukar azaba akan musulmi a lokacin da annabi (S.A.W) yake a raye.[14]

Tabbas malama Makarim shirazi ya bawa Ibn Taimiyya amsa akan wannan maganar da ya faɗa, ya ce abin da ake nufi da azaba a aya ta 33 a cikin suratu Anfal, ita ce azaba akan mutane da yawa, wato azabar akan mafi yawanci mutane, ba azaba kan ɗaiɗaikon mutane ba.[15] kamar yadda ya zo a tarihi musulinci azaba ta sauka akan mutane a lokacin annabi, kamar saukarta akan Abi Zam'a da Malik ɗan ɗalal da Hakam ɗan Abi Asi.[16] kuma ƙin amincewar Annuman da umarni Allah ya yi daidai da kafirci da kuma yin ridda.[17]

Kamar yadda ɗan Taimiyya ya kawo suka da cewa gabakiɗama babu inda aka anbaci sunan Annuman ɗan Haris a litatafan da suke ambatan fittatun mutane kamar littafin Al'isti'ab, kuma ya ƙara da cewa wannan abin bai shahara ba kamar yadda ƙissar As'habul fili ta shahara.[18] Makarim Shirazi ya bashi amsa: cewa su litatafai na Tarajim ba suna kawo duka sunayan sahabbai ba ne, a a kawai suna kawo sunayan wasu daga cikin su ne. Misali a littafun Usadul gaba ya kawo sunayan mutum 7504 daga cikin sahabban annabi (S.A.W), a yayin da yawan waɗanda suka halarci hajgin bankwana sun kai mutum dubu ɗari ko fiya da haka.[19] kamar yadda malam Makarim Shirazi ya ce; Allama Amini a cikin littafinshi Alghadir fi kitabi wa sunna ya ambaci fiye da malamai talatin na Ahlus-sunna waɗanda suka ƙarfafi cewa wannan ayar wato ayar sa'ala sa'ilin ta sauka ne akan Annuman ko kuma wani mutuman daban a lokacin da ya yi inkarin halifanci Imam Ali (A.S).[20]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 6.
  2. ↑ Duba Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 6; Al-Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 62; Al-Tusi, Al-Tabayan, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 113.
  3. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 11; Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Akhtam fi Tafsir Kitab Allah al-Manzil, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 7.
  4. ↑ Al-Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 62; Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-amsal fi fi Tafsir Kitab Allah al-Munazzal, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 7; Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 11; Al-Sharif Al-Lahiji, Tafsirin Al-Sharif Al-Lahiji, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 574; Al-Kashani, Manhaj al-Sadeghin, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 4; Al-Tabarsi, Majma al-Bayan, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 529.
  5. ↑ Al-Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 62.
  6. ↑ Suratul Anfal, aya ta 32.
  7. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Tafsirin Al-Kur'anul-Azeem, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 235; Al-Kashani, Manhaj al-Sadeghin, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 3; Al-Qurtubi, Al-Jami ahkam Al-Qur’an, juzu’i na 19, shaf na 278.
  8. ↑ Al-Qurtubi, Al-Jaami ahkamul al-Qur’an, juzu’i na 19, shafi na 278; Al-Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 62.
  9. ↑ Suratul Shuara, aya ta 187.
  10. ↑ Al-Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 62.
  11. ↑ Al-Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 63; Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhaj Sunnah, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 45.
  12. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 5-6.
  13. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 6.
  14. ↑ Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhaj Sunnah, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 45-46.
  15. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Amsal fi Tafsirin Kitabullahi Al-munazzal, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 12.
  16. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Amsal fi Tafsirin Kitabullahi Al-munazzal, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 12.
  17. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Amsal fi Tafsirin Kitabullahi Al-munazzal, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 12.
  18. ↑ Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhaj al-Sunnah, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 46-47.
  19. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Amsal fi Tafsirin Katbullahi Al-Munazzal, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 13.
  20. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Amsal fi Tafsirin Katbullahi Al-Munazzal, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 13.

Nassoshi

  • Ibn Taimiyyah, Ahmed bn Abdul Halim, 'Minhaj Al-Sunna, wanda: Muhammad Rashad Salem, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Jami'ar Musulunci, ya wallafa, 1406 Hijira/1986.
  • Ibn Kathir, Ismail bin Omar, Tafsir Alqur'ani Al-azeem, editan: Muhammad Hussein Shams al-Din, Beirut, Darul Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1419H.
  • Alusi, Mahmoud, Ruhul ma'ani, edita: Ali Abdul-Bari Atiya, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1415H.
  • Al-Sharif Al-Lahiji, Muhammad bin Ali, 'Tafsir Al-Sharif Al-Lahiji, bugun: Mir Jalal al-Din Hosseini Armawi, Tehran, Dad, 1373H.
  • Al-Tabarsi, Al-Fadl bin Al-Hasan, 'Majma' al-Bayan fi Tafsirul Qur'an, Tehran, Nasir Khusraw, 1372H.
  • Al-Tabatabai, Sayyed Muhammad Hussein, 'Al-Mizan a Tafsirin Al-Qur'ani, Qum, Littafin Rubutun Rubutun Musulunci, 1417H.
  • Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, 'Al-Jami` li-Ahkam Al-Qur'an, Tehran, Nasir Khusraw Publications, 1364 AH.
  • Al-Kashani, Mullah Fathallah, Minhajul Al-sadikin Tehran, Muhammad Hassan Alami Press, 1330H.
  • Makarem Al-Shirazi, Nasser, ' Al-Amsal fi mtafsiril kitabullalhi Al-munazzal, Qum, Mazhabar Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s), 1379H.
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