Jihadi Difa'i

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Jihadi difa'i, ma'ana fito na fito tare da duk wani abokin gaba da yake da niyyar ganin bayan addinin muslunci, ko keta alfarmar garuruwan muslunci. Hadafin jihadi difa'i shi ne kare muslunci da kuma kare rayuka, dukiya da mutuncin musulmai. Jihadi difa'i yana kishiyantar jihadi ibtida'i wanda yake na yaƙar kafirai da musulmai ne da kansu suke fara yaƙin, hadafin wannan nau'i na biyu daga jihadi shi ne faɗaɗa muslunci, wasu ba'ari daga malaman shi'a suna ganin fifikon jihadi difa'i kan jihadi ibtida'i. Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, wajibi kan dukkanin musulmai su kare garuruwansu daga kowanne irin hari, sharaɗinsa kaɗai shi ne iko da ƙarfi cikin bada kariya da gumurzu da abokan gaba, cikin wajabcin jihadi difa'i komabayan jihadi ibtida'i babu sharaɗin hallarar Imami Ma'asumi (A.S) ko neman izininsa ko na'ibinba. A imanin malaman fiƙihu idan jihadi difa'i ya zo lokaci ɗaya da ayyukan wajibai ko haramun misalin aikin hajji ko yaƙi a cikin watanni masu alfarma, suna ganin ana gabatar da jihadi difa'i kan waɗannan abubuwa.

Gabatarwa da Muhimmancin Jihadi Difa'i

Abin nufi daga jihadi difa'i faɗa da abokan gaba da suka kawo hari kan garuruwan muslunci.[1] wannan nau'in jihadi ana yinsa domin kare muslunci.[2] da garuruwan muslunci.[3] jihadi difa'i saɓanin jihadi ibtida'i ne wanda shi wani yaƙi da musulmi suke fara yinsa da manufar kiran mushrikai da kafirai zuwa muslunci.[4] Jafar kashiful giɗa daga malaman fiƙihu na shi'a a ƙarni na 13 bayan hijira, yana ganin jihadi difa'i yana gaban jihadi ibtida'i.[5] galibin malaman fiƙihu sun yi imani kan cewa waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu a cikin jihadi difa'i daidai suke da waɗanda suka yi shahada a jihadi ibtida'i za a zartar da hukuncin shahidai a kansu.[6]

Wajabcin Jihadi Difa'i da Sharuɗɗansa

Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, jihadi difa'i wajibi ne kifa'i kan waɗanda suke da ƙarfi da damar yin yaƙi (Maza da mata yara da manya, mai lafiya da mara kafiya na kusa da na nesa da ind aake yaƙin).[7] sharaɗinsa kawai shi ne ƙarfi da iko kan bada kariya da gwabza yaƙi.[8] wajabcinsa saɓanin na jihadi ibtida'i yake.[9] babu sharaɗin halartar Imami ma'asumi (A.S) ko izininsa ko na na'ibinsa.[10] Dalilin wajabcin jihadi difa'i, shi ne ƙari kan dalili na hankali.[11] akwai hana rusa ƙasashen muslunci da nasarar mushrikai da kafirai kan muslunci.[12] mai littafin jawahir, ɗaya daga malaman fiƙihu na shi'a ya jingina wajabcin jijadi difa'i da ayoyin kur'ani [Tsokaci 1] da riwayoyi.[13] da kuma ijma'i.[14] ya dogara da su[15]

Hukunce-hukunce

Wasu ba'arin hukunce-hukuncen jihadi difa'i komabayan jihadi ibtida'i sune kamar haka:
  • Daidai da mahangar mashhur na malaman fiƙihu, jihadi difa'i bawai kaɗai ya wajaba kan iya musulmin da aka kawo hari kansu, bari dai bakiɗayan musulmai wajibi a kansu su tashi su bada kariya ga garuruwan muslunci da abokan gaba suka kai hari a kansu.[16] kuma muddun buƙatar kare kai ba ta kau ba to lallai alhakin bai sauka kan dukkanin musulmi ba.[17]
  • Idan aka samu tazahum[Tsokaci 2] Jihadi difa'i ya haɗu da sauran wajibai misalin hajji, to a wannan hali ana gabatar da jihadi difa'i.[18] haka nan idan jihadi difa'i ya lazimta yin wasu ayyukan haramun misalin haɗa kai da azzalumin shugaba.[19] yaƙi cikin watanni masu alfarma.[20] ko kashe musulmi da aka yi garkuwa da shi.[21] cikin wannan yanayi yana halasta yin hakan.

Rabe-raben Jihadi Difa'i

A mahangar Jafar kashiful giɗa, jihadi ya rabu zuwa gida biyar kaso ɗaya ne kaɗai jihadi ibtida'i. Kaso huɗu cikinsa jihadi ne difa'i. sune kamar haka:

1. Jihadi domin kare asasin muslunci gaban hare-haren kafirai kan garuruwan musulmai da suke yi da niyyar shafe muslunci da ɗora kafirci kan muslunci.

2. Jihadi domin tunkuɗe masu keta alfarma da zubar da jinin musulmai da mutunncinsu.

3. Jihadi domin kari ga musulmai da suke cikin yaƙi da kafirai da kuma tsoran kada kafirai su samu iko a kansu.

4. Jihadi da niyyar korar kafirai daga garuruwan muslunci da suke iko da su.[22] wannan na huɗun ya fifita kan sauran ukun da suka gabace shi.[23]

Bambanci Tsakanin Jihadi Difa'i da Jihadi Ibtida'i

Malaman fiƙihu domin fayyace ma'ana da iyakokin jihadi difa'i da jihadi ibtida'i sun kawo wasu bambance-bambance da suke tsakaninsu kamar haka:

  • Hadafin jihadi difa'i hana shafe muslunci da rusa al'ummar musulmi da kuma kariya ga cin gashin kai, rai da mutuncinsu.[24] amma jihadi ibtida'i ana yinsa domin faɗaɗa muslunci da ikonsa.[25]
  • Bakiɗayan sharuɗɗan da aka ambata a cikin jihadi ibtida'i ba larura bane cikin jihadi difa'i, kaɗai ƙarfin iya kare kai daga abokan gaba yana wadatarwa.[26]
  • Jihadi ibtida'i kaɗai yana kasancewa kan kafirai, amma jihadi difa'i yana kasancewa gaban maƙiya da abokan gaba, babu bambanci cikin kasancewarsu daga musulmai ko kafirai.[27]
  • A cikin Jihadi ibtida'i, bai halatta a keta zimma, aminci, sulhu da yarjejeniya, amma cikin jihadi difa'i idan akwai tsoron ikon maƙiya ya halasta saɓawa waɗannan al'amurra da ire-irensu.[28]
  • A cikin jihadi difa'i, idan babu isassun kuɗaɗe daga baitulmali da za a yi ɗawainiyar yaƙin da su, shugaba zai iya tilastawa mutane bada kuɗin da za ɗauki ɗawainiyar yin yaƙin, saɓanin jihadi ibtida'i wanda sharaɗin wajabcinsa shi ne isassun kuɗaɗe da za a gudanar da shi.[29]

Samfuran Fatawowin Jihadi

yayin da bare suka kawo hari kan garuruwan muslunci ko kuma garuruwan muslunci suna fuskantar barazana daga abokan gaba, malaman fiƙihun muslunci suna kwaɗaitar da musulmi jihadi domin kare kawunkansu da garuruwansu daga sharrin abokan gaba. alal misali:

  • Fatawar jihadi wacce take da alaƙa da keta alfarmar da ƙasar rasha ta yi lokacin yaƙin Iran da rasha a shekarar 1218 bayan hijira, wannan yaƙi ya zo ƙarshe bayan yarjejeniyar gulistan da aka yi, haka kuma a shekara 1241 bayan hijira, ƙarsƙashin izinin Jafar kashiful giɗa daga maraji'an taƙlidin shi'a a ƙarni na sha uku bayan hijira, ya baiwa fatahu Ali shah izini domin kare garuruwan muslunci daga barazanar rashawawa a shekartar 1228 domin sanya mutane jihadi don fatattakar ƴan mamayar rasha.[30]
  • Fatawa domin tunkarar harin wahabiyawa kan wurare masu tsarki: fatawar Shaik Jafar kashiful giɗa cikin harin wahabiyawa kan birnin najaf da karbala a shekarar 1217 bayan hijira, babban malamin tare da taimakon mutane 200 daga malamai da mujahidai ya samu nasarar fatattakar wahabiyawa.[31]
  • Fatawa domin ƴantar da ƙasar palasɗin: malamai misalin muhammad husaini kashiful giɗa,[32] Ayatullahi burujurdi.[33] da Imam Khomaini.[34] sun fitar da fatawar wajabcin kare palasɗin.
  • Fatawar jihadi kan ƴan ta'addan ISIS: fatawar jihadi kan ISIS da Ayatullahi Sistani marja'in taƙlidi mazaunin ƙasar iraƙi ya fitar a shekarar 1393 shamsi, domin fatattakar ƴan ta'addan isis.[35]

Nazari

Littafin Rasa'il wa Fatawa Jihadi Shamil: risaloli ne da fatawowin malaman muslunci cikin jihadi kan ƙarfin ƴan mulkin mallaka, littafi ne da ya ƙunshi sunayen risaloli da fatawowi guda 95 da malaman fiƙihu suka fitar da su tun daga shekarar 1200-1338 bayan hijira, Muhammad Hassan rajabi ya tattaro su cikin littafi mujalladi ɗaya, hukumar kula da al'adu da tarbiyya ta buga shi a shekarar 1378 shamsi.[36]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Abu Al-Salah Halabi, Al-Kafi fi Al-Fiƙh, 1403 BC, shafi na 246; Shahid Thani, Masalik Al-Afham, 1313 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 8; Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 15.
  2. ↑ Domin neman shawara sai a duba ta: Sheikh Tusi, Al-Masut, 1387 BC, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 8.
  3. ↑ ↑ Shahidi na biyu, Al-Rawdah Al-Bahiyya, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 379; Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 4.
  4. ↑ Sarami wa Adalat Nejad, “Jihad”, 1386H, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 434.
  5. ↑ Kashif al-Ghitah, Kashf al-Ghitah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 289.
  6. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hali, Al-Mu'tabar, 1364H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 311; Zikr al-Shi'ah, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 321; Mai bincike na biyu, Jami' al-Maƙasid, 1414 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 365; Mirzai ƙomi, Gana'imul Al-ayyam, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 396; Khoyi, Al-Tanƙih fi Sharh Al-Urw Al-Wuthƙi, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 376. Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 16-15; Yazdi, Al-Urwah Al-Wuthƙi, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 39; Kashif al-Ghifa, Kashf al-Ghifa, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 333.
  7. ↑ Shahid Thani, Masalik Al-Afham, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 8.
  8. ↑  : Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, 1498 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 287; Alama Heli, Tadhkirat al-Fuƙaha', 1414 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 37; Kashif al-Ghifa'ah, Kashf al-Jhifa'ah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 288; Imam Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1392H, juzu'i na 1, shafi 461.
  9. ↑ Amid Zanjani, fiƙh Siyasi, 1377 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 139.
  10. ↑  : Alama Helli, Tadhkirat al-Fuƙaha', 1414 BC, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 37; Tabatabai Karbalai, Riyad al-Mas'il, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 14; Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 18; Imam Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1392H, juzu'i na 1, shafi 461.
  11. ↑ Sabzwari, Muhaddhab Al-Ahkam, Dar Al-Tafsir, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 101.
  12. ↑ Marwarid, Silsilatul Al-Yanabi' Al-Fiƙhiyya, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 32.
  13. ↑ Hurrul Ameli, Wasa'il al-Shi'a, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 30.
  14. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 47.
  15. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 18-19.
  16. ↑ Shahid Thani, Masalik Al-Afham, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 8
  17. ↑ Kashif al-Ghitah, Kashf al-Ghitah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 291.
  18. ↑ Mirzai ƙomi, Jami' al-Shatat, 1377 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 394.
  19. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 310-312.
  20. ↑ Iraƙi, Sharh Tabsirat al-Mu'talinim, 1414 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 320.
  21. ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 1387 BC, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 283; Allama Hilli, Takhlees al-Maram, 1421 AH, shafi na 79.
  22. ↑ Kashif al-Ghifa'ah, Kashf al-Jhifa'ah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 287-289.
  23. ↑ Kashif al-Ghitah, Kashf al-Ghitah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 289.
  24. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 14.
  25. ↑ Montazeri, Derasat fi Velayat al-Faƙih, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 115.
  26. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Al-Muƙni'ah, 1410 AH, shafi na 810; Shahid Thani, Masalik Al-Afham, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 8; Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 47.
  27. ↑ Kashif al-Ghitah, Kashf al-Ghitah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 291.
  28. ↑ Kashif al-Ghitah, Kashf al-Ghitah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 291.
  29. ↑ Kashif al-Ghitah, Kashf al-Ghitah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 333--334.
  30. ↑ Rajabi,Rasa'il wa fatawa Jihadi, 1378H, shafi na 22.
  31. ↑ Al-Mahbouba, Madi Najaf wa hadiruha, 1406 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 326.
  32. ↑ «المرجعیة الشیعیة و قضایا العالم الإسلامی من فتاوی و مواقف الإمام الشیخ محمد الحسین آل کاشف الغطاء عن فلسطین»، مجله الموسم، ص۱۹۱.
  33. ↑ Abazari, Ayatullah Boroujerdi Ayat Ikhlas, 1383H, shafi na 117.
  34. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Sahifa Imam, 1389, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 199.
  35. ↑ Hattab, "Tauzif Al-hashadi Al-shaabi fi Almadrak Al-siyasi Al-iraki," shafi 108.
  36. ↑ Rajabi, Rasa'il wa Fatawa Jihadi, 1378H, shafi na 13.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Aya ta 190 da ta 191 a cikin Suratul Baƙarah; Aya ta 216 cikin suratul Baƙarah. Aya ta 123, Suratul Tawbah. Aya ta 39 da ta 40 a cikin suratul Hajj; Aya ta 60 a cikin suratul Anfal
  2. ↑ Tazahum Isɗilahi ne cikin usulul fikihu da fikihu, tare da ma'anar rashin ƙudura mukallafi ɗabbaƙa hukunci guda biyu a lokaci guda ɗaya (Rouhani, Muntaƙa al-Usul, 1416 BC, mujalladi na 7, shafi na 305. ).)

Nassoshi

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