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Kafiri Zimmi

Daga wikishia

Kafiri zimmi, (Larabci: الكافر الذمي) wani isɗilahi ne na fiƙihu wanda ake amfani da shi kan Ahlul-Kitabi wato Yahudawa da Nasara da Majusawa waɗanda suke rayuwa a garuruwa ko ƙasashen Musulmi, kuma sun ƙulla wata yarjejeniya tsakaninsu da Musulmi, domin ba su damar ci gaba da riƙo da addininsu da amfana da dukkan haƙƙi na rayuwa a ƙasar Musulunci, amma su kuma za su ci gaba da ba da Jiziya (Kamar wani haraji ne).

Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu ya kamata ko dole ne Ahlul-kitabi su yi alƙawari kan wasu abubuwa domin samar da yarjejeniya tsakaninsu da Musulmi, daga cikin abubuwa akwai; ba da Jiziya da cewa ba za su yaƙi Musulmi ba ko cutar da su, kazalika ba za su taimaki Mushirikai ba wajan cutar da Muslmi, da rashin aikata abubuwan da suke haramun a Muslunci, sannan ba za a ba su damar gina majami'u da coci-coci ba da karkaɗa ƙaraurawa, kuma za a zartar da hukunce-hukuncen Muslunci a kansu, duk idan suka yarda da hakan, ita kuma gwamnatin Muslunci sai ta yi alƙawarin kare su da dukiyarsu da haƙƙinsu da duk abin da suka mallaka.

Bayanin Kafiri Zummi Da Misalanshi A Fiƙihu

Shi Kafiri Zummi shi ne kishiyar Kafiri Harbi, su kafirai Zimmi su ne Ahlul-Kitabi waɗanda suke rayuwa a yanki ko ƙasashe na Musulmi kuma sun yi yarjejeniya tsakaninsu da shugaban Musulmi.[1] Zimma tana nufin wata yarjejeniya wacce ta bawa Ahlul-kitabi damar ci gaba da riƙo da addininsu, amma kuma za su dinga ba da Jiziya, domin gwamanatin Musulunci ta ci gaba da ba su kariya.[2]

Ahlul-kitabi a gun malaman fiƙihu tana nufin Yahudawa da Kiristoci da Majusawa.[3]

Ma'anar Wannan Yarjejeniya

Malamn fiƙihu sun sa wasu sharuɗɗa (Domin yarda da yarjejeniyar tsakanin kafrai zimmi da Musulmi) waɗanda tilas ya zamo Ahlul-kitabi sun aminta da su kafin yarjejeniyar, ga su kamar haka; ba da Jiziya da ka da su yaƙi Musulmi kuma ka da su taimakawa Mushirikai, da kada su cutar da Musulmi (Kuma ka da su aikata wasu ayyuka kamar sata da leƙen asiri ga maƙiya)kuma ka da su aikata abubuwan da suka haramta a Musulinci ba za a bar su su gina coci ba da kaxa ƙaraurawa kuma za a gudanar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a a kansu.[4] to idan suka aikata hakan ita kuma gwamnatin Musulunci za ta ba su damar ci gaba da riƙo da addininsu da rayuwa a ƙasar Musulunci da ba su kariya.[5]

Hukunce-hukuncen Fiƙihu

Wasu daga cikin Hukunce-hukuncen kafirai zimmi, sune kamar haka;

  • Kafiri zimmi ba shi da haƙƙi ya shiga masallatan musulmi.[6]

• Kafiri Zummi yana da haƙƙin aikata duk abubuwan da suka halatta a addinshi ko da ba su halatta ba a Musulunci, amma ba zai aikata su ba a bainar jama'a.[7]

  • Idan har ya aikata wani abu da ya haramta a Musulunci a bainar jama'a, za a yi m ishi hukunci bisa abin da shari'ar Musulunci ta tanada.[8]
  • Idan kafiri Zimmi ya aikata wani aiki wanda bai halatta ba a addinshi, to shugaban Musulmi yana da zaɓi ko ya hukunta shi da hukuncin Musulunci ko ya bayar da shi hannun mutanenshi su hukunta shi bisa shari'asu.[9]
  • Idan kafirai zimmi guda biyu suka kai ƙara gun shugaba na Musulunci, to yana da zaɓi da ya hukunta su bisa shari'ar Musulunci ko ya maida su gurin mutanansu su yi musu hukunci bisa addininsu.[10]
  • Idan musulmi ya kashe kafiri zimmi da gangan, to ba za a kashe shi ba, sai dai idan shi musulmi ya saba kashe kafiri zimmi, to a irin wannan yanayin za a kashe shi, amma bayan fara biyan bambancin diyya tsakanin diyyar kafiri zimmi da musulmi.[11]
  • Idan kafiri zimmi ya kashe musulmi da gangan, to za a miƙa wannan kafiri zimmi ga makusanta wannan musulmi, su kuma suna da zaɓi ko su kashe shi ko ya zama bawansu.[12]

• Bai halatta ba ga kafiri zimmi ya gina gurin bauta a garuruwan Musulunci, amma idan akwai wani guri na bautarsu kuma ba a ruguje shi ba, za su iya amfani da shi.[13]

Haƙƙoƙin Kafiri Zimmi A Cikin Al'ummar Musulmi

Kafiri zimmi yana da cikakken haƙƙi a gwanatin musulunci bisa yarjejeniyar da suka cimma, wasu daga cikin wannan haƙƙoƙin ga su:

  • Kiyayeshi dukiyarshi da girmamata: Nauyin kiyaye ranshi da dukiyarshi da gurin bautarshi da mutuncinshi ya rataya a kan gwamnatin musulunci.[14] har abubuwa da ba su halatta ba a musulunci, kamar Giya da Alade, waɗanda suke kuɗi ne a gunsu, idan har musulmi ya lalata musu, to dole ya biyasu.[15]
  • Haƙƙin kai ƙara: A cikin al'ummar musulmi kafiri zimmi yana da cikakken haƙƙi na kai ƙara a yayin faruwar wata matsala, suna da haƙƙin tafiya kotu wadda ta keɓanta da su ko zuwa kotun musulinci.[16]
  • Diyyar wanda ba musulmi ba: Fitattun malaman fiƙihu sun yi fatawa cewa diyyar kafiri zimmi b ata kai ta musulmi ba,[17] Shaik Saduƙ ɗaya daga cikin malaman Shi'a a ƙarni na 4 ya tafi kan cewa idan kafiri zimmi ya kiyaye sharuɗɗan yarjejeniya, to diyyarshi tana dai-dai da diyyar musulmi,[18] kazalika wasu malamai a wannan zamani sun tafi kan wannan ra'ayi,[19] daga cikinsu akwai Sayyid Ali Khamna'i,[20] da Shaik Makarim Shirazi,[21] da Shaik Muhammad Hadi Ma'arifat.[22]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Muṣṭalaḥāt al-Fiqh" na al-Mishkīnī, shafi na 442
  2. ↑ Muṣṭalaḥāt al-Fiqh" na al-Mishkīnī, shafi na 264
  3. ↑ Jawāhir al-Kalām na Sheikh Muhammad Hasan al-Najafī, shafi na 227 zuwa 228 daga juzu’i na 21, Sharā’i‘ al-Islām na al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī. juzu’i na farko, shafi na 298, Muṣṭalaḥāt al-Fiqh na al-Mishkīnī, shafi na 442
  4. ↑ Sharā’i‘ al-Islām" na al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī, shafuka 300 zuwa 301,
  5. ↑ Sheikh Muḥammad Jawād Mughniyya. Fiqh al-Imām al-Ṣādiq, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 262
  6. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'e al-Islam, juzu'i. 1, shafi 303; Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, juzu'i. 21, shafi. 286.
  7. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'e al-Islam, juzu'i. 1, shafi 305; Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, juzu'i. 21, shafi. 317.
  8. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'e al-Islam, juzu'i. 1, shafi 305; Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, juzu'i. 21, shafi. 317.
  9. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'e al-Islam, juzu'i. 1, shafi 305; Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, juzu'i. 21, shafi. 317.
  10. ↑ Al-Shaheed al-Thani, Masalak al-Afham, juzu'i. 10, shafi na 157-158; Al-Muhaqq al-Hali, Shar'e al-Islam, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 67.
  11. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'e al-Islam, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 196; Al-Najafi, Jawaharul Kalam, juzu'i. 42, shafi. 151.
  12. ↑ Al-Mortaza, Al-Intisar, shafi. 547; Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shar'e al-Islam, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 196.
  13. ↑ Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, juzu'i. 21, shafi na 280-282.
  14. ↑ Azizan, "Huquq Wa Takalif Shahrewandan Gairi Musalman Dar Jami'eh Islami. shafi na 172.
  15. ↑ Alishahi Qale-e-Jooghi, Pajuheshi Dar Ibahe Amwale Kafiran Harbi Az Negahe Fiqhi Shi’a, shafi. 89.
  16. ↑ Azizan, "Huquq Wa Takalif Shahrewandan Gairi Musalman Dar Jami'eh Islami. shafi na 174-175.
  17. ↑ Azizan, "Huquq Wa Takalif Shahrewandan Gairi Musalman Dar Jami'eh Islami. shafi na 176.
  18. ↑ Al-Sadooq, Man La Yahdrah al-Faqih, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 123.
  19. ↑ Azizan, "Huquq Wa Takalif Shahrewandan Gairi Musalman Dar Jami'eh Islami. shafi na 177.
  20. ↑ وبگاه مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی، «قانون الحاق یک تبصره به ماده (۲۹۷) قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب ۱۳۷۰».
  21. ↑ Makarim Al-Shirazi, Isftatayat Jadid, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 453.
  22. ↑ Marafah, "Diya Ahl al-Kitab", shafi. 6.

Nassoshi

  • Al-Shaheed al-Thani, Zain al-Din bin Ali al-Omili, Masalik al-Afham, Qum, Al-Ma'arif Islamic Foundation, vol. 4, 1429 AH.
  • Al-Sadooq, Muhammad bin Ali bin Al-Hussein, "Man La Yahdrah Al-Faqih", Qum, Al-Nashar Islamic Publishing House, Juzu'i na 2, 1413H.
  • Al-Muhaqq Al-Hali, Jafar bin Al-Hassan, "Shari'ar Musulunci a Mas'alolin Halal da Haram", Qum, Mu'assasar Isma'il, Juzu'i na 2, 1408H.
  • Al-Mortaza, Ali bn Al-Husain, Al-Intisar FI Infiradatil Imamiyyai, Kum, Al-Nashar al-Islami, Juzu'i na 1, 1415H.
  • Al-Mishkini, Ali, Mustalahatul Fikihi, Qum, Al-Hadi Publiblishing, Juzu'i na 1, 1419 Hijira.
  • Al-Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, "Jawahirul Kalam Fi sharhi Shara'i'il Islam", Beirut, Dar Ihya Al-Tarath al-Arabi, Vol. 7, 1404 H.
  • Azizan, Mahdi, Huquqo wa Takalifi Shahrfewandan gairi Musulman (HuquqWa wajibatil Matawininil Gairil Muslmin Fi Almujtama'a Islami), Kwata-kwata, No. 67, 1392.
  • Alishahi Qala Joqi, Abul Fazl, Pajuheshi dar ibahati Amwali kafir Harbi min manzur fiqhishi'i" Winter 2013.
  • Marafa, Mohammad Hadi, "Diya Ahl al-Kitab", Dadarsi Monthly, No. 11, 1377.
  • Mughniyya, Mohammad Javad, "Fiqhu na Imam Sadik, Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi", Qum, Mu'assasar Ansariyan, juzu'i na 2, 1421H.
  • Makaram Al-Shirazi, Nasser, "Istifta'at Jadida ", bincike da gyara: Abu al-Qasim Alian Nejadi, Qum, Madrasa al-Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, Juzu'i na 2, 1427 Hijira.
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