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Hukuncin Jihadi

Daga wikishia

Hukuncin jihadi ko Fatawar jihadi, (Larabci: حكم الجهاد أو فتوى الجهاد) ishara ce zuwa ga umarnin Hakimul shar'i (Shugaba na shari'a) domin ƙaddamar da jihadi kan maƙiya da kuma ayyana sharuɗɗan jihadi da siffofinsa. Fitar da hukuncin jihadi a zamanin Gaiba Sugra, alama ce da ke nuni kan irin tasiri da ƙarfin iko da fatawar maraji'an taƙlidi na Shi'a take da shi, da kuma kasancewar wannan fatawa sababin kariya ga addini da zaman lafiyar al'ummar Musulmi a gaban masu ƙoƙarin keta musu alfarma, bisa fiƙihun muslunci, bayan fitar da fatawar jihadi to fa duk wani Musulmi da yake da ƙarfi da zai iya ba da kariya, wajibi ne ya shiga jihadi kan maƙiya, wannan hukunci yana fitowa ta hannun Mujtahidi wanda ya cika sharuɗɗa. a lokacin daidai lokacin da aka tsinci kai cikin halin kawo harin kan garuruwan muslunci, barazanar fuskantar hatsari kan addini, barazana kan mutuncin Musulmi da cin gashin kansu.

Malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a a daurorin zamani daban-daban na tarihi, sun fitar da fatawar jihadi. A shekarar 1241-1243 hijira ƙamari, malaman Shi'a misalin Jafar Kashiful Giɗa, Sayyid Ali Ɗabaɗaba'i, Mirzayi Ƙummi, Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi da Sayyid Muhammad Mujahid a yunƙurin ba da goyan baya da kariya ga gwamnati Ƙajar da kuma kariya ga al'ummar musulmi ta Iran, sun fitar da fatawar jihadi kan sojojin Rasha. Wasu masana suna ganin cewa wannan ita ce fatawar jihadi ta farko a tarihin fiƙihun imamiyya.

A ƙasar Iraƙi ma tare da fitar da fatawar jihadi ta Muhammad Taƙiyyu Shirazi a shekarar 1337 hijira ƙamari, Miƙewar Sauratu Ishrin kan mulkin mallaka da kuma sojojin Ingila, musammam a yankunan Shi'a. Abdul-Karim Zanjani, daga malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a a ƙarni na 14 hijira ƙamari, a shekarar 1948 miladiyya wanda ya yi daidai da 1327 shamsi, ya fitar da fatawar jihadi kan Isra'ila, haka kuma a 2014 Sayyid Ali Sistani domin yaƙar ƴan ta'addan Da'ish (ISIS) da fatattakarsu daga Iraƙi, ya fitar da fatawar jihadi kan Da'ish. Littafin "Rasa'il Wa Fatawa Jihadi" na Muhammad Hassan Rajabi, wanda yake ƙunshe da take guda 95 na risaloli da fatawowi da malaman fiƙihun Shi'a da suka yi daga shekara 1200 zuwa 1338 hijira ƙamari.

Matsayi Da Muhimmanci

Hukuncin jihadi yana nufin umarni na Hakimul shar'i (Shugaban shari'a) domin ƙaddamar da jihadi kan maƙiya da kuma ayyana sharuɗɗa da siffofin jihadin.[1] Fitar da hukuncin jihadi a zamanin Gaiba Sugra, yana nuni da irin tasiri da ƙarfin faɗa aji ga fatawar maraji'an Shi'a da muhimmancin kare rayuka da dukiyoyin Musulmi da cin gashin kan garuruwan Muslunci a gaban maƙiya.[2] An ce misalin wannan fatawa misalin fatawar jihadi difa'i (Jihadin kare kai) a zamanin Gaiba Sugra, suna zama sababin kariya ga addini da tabbatar da zaman lafiya al'ummar Musulmi gaban masu son keta musu alfarma.[3]

Malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a a wurare masu yawa a lokacin da aka keta alfarma aka kai hari kan garuruwan Muslunci, ko kuma aka ji barazanar afkuwar wani hatsari ga addini, mutunci da cin gashin kai na Musulmi, sai malamai su fitar da fatawar jihadi da za ta kwaɗaitar da Musulmi kare kai da tsayuwa ƙyam maƙiya da abokan gaba.[4] Misali cikin fitar da fatawar jihadi da Muhammad Taƙiyyu Shirazi ya yi, a shekarar 1377 hijira ƙamari, an samu miƙewa ɗauke da makamai ta Sauratu Ishrin kan mulkin mallaka da sojojin Ingila a baki ɗayan garuruwan ƙasar Iraƙi musamman yankunan ƴanshi'a.[5] Malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a ba sa ganin larurar hallarar Imam Mahadi (A.F) ko izinin Na'ibul Khas nasa cikin jihadi difa'i (Jihadin kare kai).[6] Amma tare da haka ra'ayin Jafar Kashiful Giɗa, marja'in taƙlidi na Shi'a a ƙarni na 13 hijira ƙamari, shi ne cewa jihadi difa'i da yake da kwamandancin kwamanda a zamanin Gaiba Kubra, yana buƙatar izinin Mujtahidi da ya cika sharuɗɗa.[7] Husaini Ali Muntazari bai yarda da wannan sharaɗi ba cikin jihadi difa'i, bari dai hukuncin waliyul faƙihi shi ne yake matsayin sharaɗi na sanya idanu cikin aiwatar da jihadi difa'i. A cewar Husaini Muntazari wajibi ne kan dukkanin Musulmi ba tare da ko wane sharaɗi ba.[8]

Shahararriyar Fatawar Jihadi Fihirisar Fatawowin Jihadi

Babban labari: Fatawowin Jihadi

Samfuri daga fatawowin da malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a da maraji'an taƙlidi suka fitar da mabambantan daurorin tarihi game da wajabcin wanann jihadi:

  • Sakamakon hari da sojojin Rasha su kai kan ƙasar Iran a shekarun 1241-1243, tare da kwace iko kan wasu yankunan ƙasar Iran, ba'arin malamai Shi'a misalin Jafar Kashiful Giɗa, Sayyid Ali Ɗabaɗaba'i, Mirzayi Ƙummi, Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi da Sayyid Muhammad Mujahid cikin yunƙurin ba da kariya da goyan bayan gwamnatin ƙajar da kare rayuka da dukiyoyin al'ummar Musulmi, suka fitar da fatawar jihadi kan fatattakar sojojin Rasha.[9] Wannan fatawa ta kasance tare da risala game da hukunce-hukuncen jihadi, Bisa umarnin Abbas Mirza, ɗan Waliyul Ahad (Sarki mai jiran gado) Fatahu Ali Shah, ta hannun Mirza Isa magajin ƙa'im Maƙam Farahani, an kammala wannan adadin hukunce-hukunce da kuma risala cikin sunan Ahkamul Jihad Wa Asbabul Rashad.[10] An ce wannan fatawowi su ne hukunci jihadi na farko a tarihin Shi'a.[11]
  • Fatawar Jihadi ta Muhammad Taƙiyyu Shirazi, tana daga cikin fatawowi da suka yi matuƙar tasiri cikin karya mamaya da mulkin mallakar Ingila a Iraƙi, a ranar 20 ga watan Rabi'ul Awwal shekara ta 1337 hijira ƙamari ne ya fitar da wannan fatawa.[12] Nassin fatawa ya kasance kamar haka: "Neman haƙƙoƙin Iraƙawa wajibi, kuma wajibi a kansu, ƙari kan buƙatunsu su tsaya su kare zaman lafiya kwanciyar hankali da tsaro, idan kuma Ingila taƙi amincewa da buƙatun Iraƙawa, to fa ya halasta a yi amfani da ƙarfi domin kare kai.[13]
  • Fatawar Jihadi kan Italiya bayan ta kai hari kan ƙasar Libya; Akun Khurasani tare da Sayyid Isma'il Sadar, Shaik Abdullahi Mazandarani, Shaikhul Shari'a Isfahani, sun fitar da jawabi suna masu kiran al-ummar Musulmisu miƙe don taimakawa ƙasashen Musulmi.[14] Cikin Nassin hukunci ya zo kamar haka: Harin sojojin ƙasar Rasha kan Iran, kuma sojojin Italiya kan babban birnin Ɗarabulus na ƙasar Libya na iya zama sanadiyar rushewar Muslunci da bushewar shari'a da kur'ani. Wajibi kan baki ɗayan al'ummar Musulmi su taru su kawar keta alfamar da ake yi wa ƙasashensu ta hannun Rasha da Italiya wanda ya saɓawa doka. Ba ya halasta su huta matuƙar ba su tabbatar da kawar da wannan babban matsala da cikas ba, kuma wannan yunƙuri na Muslunci, kuma su yi la'akari da shi a matsayin jihadi cikin tafarkin Allah kamar dai misalign Badar da Hunaini.[15]
Fatawar malaman Shi'a kan jihadi gaban Isra'ila
  • A Lokacin yaƙin duniya na farko wanda ya faru shekarar 1914-1918 miladiyya. Sayyid Abdul-Husaini Musawi Lari, ya fitar da wani umarni game da kwamdan ƙabilun ƙashƙayi, ƙarfin daula, tare da jaddada yin jihadi kan Ingila. Cikin wani saƙo da ya fitar ya zo cewa: "Ni Mujtahidi ne halifan Annabin Muslunci, ina ba da fatawa cewa wajibi ne yin jihadi kan wannan Kafirai Harbi"(Kafiran da ake yaƙa) na Ingila.[16]
  • Fatawar Jihadi don magance harin da Wahabiyawa suka kai kan wurare masu tsarki a Iraƙi: Bisa rahotannin tarihi, fatawar Shaik Jafar Kashiful Giɗa lokacin da Wahabiyawa suka kawo hari kan Najaf da Karbala a shekarar 1217 hijira ƙamari, ya yi wannan fatawa tare da malamai na fiƙihu da mujahidai ɗaiɗai har guda 200, albarkacin wannan fatawa ne aka samu nasarar fatattakar Wahabiyawa.[17]
  • Fatawar jihadi kan Isra'ila: Akwai malaman fiƙihu misalin Muhammad Husaini Kashiful Giɗa,[18] Sayyid Husaini Burujardi[19] Imam Khomaini[20] da suka yi fatawa kan wajabcin goyan baya da ba da kariya ga al'ummar Falasɗinu. Abdul-Karim Zanjani, ɗaya daga cikin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a a ƙarni na goma sha huɗu hijira ƙamari, bayan an shelanta kafa haramtacciyar ƙasar Isra'ila, da kuma yaƙin da ta yi da ƙasashen Larabawa a shekarar 1948, ya yi fatawa kan yin jihadi kan Isra'ila..[21]
  • Bayan ƴan ta'addan Da'ish (ISIS) sun kwace iko kan ba'arin yankunan arewa da yammacin ƙasar Iraƙi, suka kuma farashin yunƙurin kwace wasu yankuna, Sayyid Ali Sistani ya fitar da fatawa domin yaƙar waɗannan ƴan ta'adda da fatattakarsu daga ƙasar Iraƙi.[22] Daidai da abin da ya zo cikin wannan fatawa, wajibi ne amma wajibi kifa'i (Idan wasu suka yi sun saukewa saura) kan duk wani ba'iraƙe da zai iya ɗaukar makami ya yi yaƙi ƴan ta'addan Da'ish, domin ba da kariya ga ƙasarsa, al'ummarsa da kuma wurare masu tsarki.[23]

Taƙaitaccen Nazari

Littafin "Rasa'il Wa Fatawa Jihadi, wanda ya ƙunshi risaloli da fatawowi malaman muslunci game da jihadi da ƙarfin ƴan mulkin mallaka, an zaɓo taken risaloli guda 95 da fatawowi da malaman muslunci suka fitar daga shekarar 1200-1338 hijira ƙamari. Wannan adadin fatawowi Muhammad Rajabi ya haɗa su cikin littafi juz 1 , sannan ma'aikatar kula da al'adun muslunci ta Ira ta buga shi a shekarar 1999 miladiyya.[24] A zamanin ƙajar tsawon lokacin da Iran ta yi tana yaƙi da sojojin Rasha, an wallafa litattafai masu yawa ɗauke da taken Jihadi, da suka ƙunshi fatawowin jihadi da bayani kan wajabcin yin jihadi kan sojojin Rasha.[25] Littafin Al-Jihad Al-Abbasiya na Sayyid Muhammad Mujahid da Jami'ush Shatat na Mirzayi Ƙummi suna cikin jumlar waɗanɗan litattafai.[26]

Ku Duba

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, ِDayiratul Ma'arif Fiqh Maqarin , 1427ƙ, Juz. 1, shafi. 436.
  2. ↑ «دو فتوای جهاد»،Shafin sadar da bayanan Hauza .
  3. ↑ Rabbani da Hosseini, "Jayegahe Izn Waliyi Faqihi ar Jihad," shafi. 32.
  4. ↑ Salimi da wasu., “Barsi Ikhtiyarat Hakim Islami Dar Hukmi Jihad Difa'i az Manzare Fiqh Imamiyyeh,” shafi na 113-115.
  5. ↑ «یک قرن همراهی دو ملت ایران و عراق در مبارزه با استکبار», Gidan Yanar Gizo na Cibiyar AdanaTakardun Juyin Musulunci.
  6. ↑ Allama Helli, Tazkirat al-Fuqha, 1414ƙ, juzu'i. 9, shafi. 37; Shahid Thani, Masalak al-Afham, 1413ƙ, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 8; Tabataba'i, Riyad al-Mas'il, 1418ƙ, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 14; Rabbani da Hussaini, “Jayegahe Izni Waliyil Faqih A Jihadi,” shafi. 50.
  7. ↑ Rabbani da Hosseini, "Jayegahe Izne Wali faqihi dar Jihadi," shafi. 53.
  8. ↑ Montazeri, Pasokh Purseshehaye Piramune Majazathaye Islami wa Huquq Bashar, 1387SH, shafi. 93.
  9. ↑ Zargarinejad, "Barsi Ahkamil Jihad Wa Asbabir Rashad( (Nakastin Asre Dar Adbiyyat Takwin Adbiyyate Jihadi tarikh Muasir Iran)," shafi. 383.
  10. ↑ Zargarinejad, "Barsi Ahkamil Jihad Wa Asbabir Rashad( (Nakastin Asre Dar Adbiyyat Takwin Adbiyyate Jihadi tarikh Muasir Iran)," shafi.382- 383.
  11. ↑ «فتوای جهاد در سیمای تاریخ»، Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na IMNA.
  12. ↑ Agha Bozorg Tehrani, Tabaqat A'lam al-Shi'a, 1430ƙ, Juz. 13, shafi. 263.
  13. ↑ Agha Bozorg Tehrani, Tabaqat A'lam al-Shi'a, 1430ƙ, Juz. 13, shafi. 263.
  14. ↑ Turkman, Asnade Darbayare Hujume Ingilisi Rus Beh Iran, Mutalaat Siyasi Wa Bainal Milali, shafi. 486.
  15. ↑ Turkman, Asnade Darbayare Hujume Ingilisi Rus Beh Iran, Mutalaat Siyasi Wa Bainal Milali, shafi. 486.
  16. ↑ Ranjbar, "Sairi Dar Zindagi, Faaliyathaye Wa Andishe Siyasi, Seyyed Abdolhossein Mousavi Lari," shafi. 207.
  17. ↑ Al-Mahbooba, Mazi Al-Najaf wa Haziruha, 1406ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 326.
  18. ↑ «ضد صهیونیسم، مدافع فلسطین مختصری از علامه کاشف الغطاء»،Mujallar Ilektronik Ukuwwa Islami.
  19. ↑ Abazari, Ayatullah Boroujerdi, Ayat Ikhlas, 1383SH, shafi. 117.
  20. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Sahifeh Imam, 1389SH, Juz. 2, shafi. 199
  21. ↑ Sarehaddi«علمایی که نسبت به مسئله فلسطین واکنش نشان دادند», Cibiyar Tarihin Zamani.
  22. ↑ Hattab, "Tauzif Hashadush sha'abi Almadrak Assiyasi Al-Iraki," shafi na 107-108.
  23. ↑ Hattab, "Tauzif Hashadush sha'abi Almadrak Assiyasi Al-Iraki," shafi na 107-108.
  24. ↑ Rajabi, Rasa'il Wa Fatawa Jihadi, 1378SH, shafi. 13.
  25. ↑ Jafarian, Din Wa Siyasat Sar Daure Safawi, 1370SH, shafi na 331-333.
  26. ↑ Jafarian, Din Wa Siyasat Sar Daure Safawi, 1370SH, shafi na 331

Nassoshi

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