Ayar Shura
- Wannan ƙasida ta shafi Ayar Shura. Don sanin ayoyin Mashwara, duba Ayar Mashwara.
Ayar Shura (Larabci: آية الشورى) ko ayar shawara aya ce ta 38 suratul Shura, ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan siffofin Musulmai a jumlarsu akwai amsa kiran Allah, ciyarwa, tsayar da sallah da yin shawara, a cewar Malaman tafsiri cikin wannan aya an ambaci shawara tare da imani da Allah da tsayar da sallah sannan a ka ƙarfafa muhimmancin yin shawara . Haka kuma suna cewa a cikin ayar Shura, an bayyana mafi muhimmancin siffofin Muminai shi ne amsa kiran Ubangijinsu, wanda abu ne da dukkanin kyawawan ayyuka sun tattaru cikinsa, a mahangar Malaman tafsiri “Amsa kira” a cikin wannan aya ya zo da ma'anar aikata dukkanin ayyuka masu kyau da Allah ya nemi bawansa ya yi, kuma kada mutum ya saɓawa Allah cikin dukkanin umari da hani.
Gabatarwa, Matani, Tarjama
Aya ta 38 suratul Shura cikin cigaban abin da ya gabata daga bayin muƙamin siffofin ma’bota imani wannan aya ta ƙara da bayanin wasu adadin siffofinsu, daga jumlarsu akwai amsa kiran Ubangiji, tsayar da sallah, ciyarwa da kuma gudanar da ayyukan kan asasin shawara,[1] Allama ɗabaɗaba’i, yana ganin wannan aya babban dalili kan muhimmancin shawara cikin al’ummar Musulmai matsayin wata alama ta haɓɓaka da cigaban mutum. A cewarsa, Muminai duk sanda suka yi niyyar yin wani aiki to suna samar da kwamitin shawara kuma domin samun ingantaccen ra’ayi suna yin shawara da mutane masu hankali.[2] Masu binciki kan addini sun tafi kan cewa aya ta 38 suratul Shura tare da aya ta 159 suratul Alu Imrana sun kasance ayoyi da suke kwaɗaitarwa da kuma zama sababin shawara cikin al’umma, kuma bakiɗayan mutane sun shiga cikin tsarin yanke shawara,[3] ɗabarasi cikin tafsirul Majma Albayan cikin naƙalin wata riwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W) game da samun madaidaiciyar hanya cikin shawara, yana ganin wannan aya dalili ce kan falalar yin shawara.[4]
وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَىٰ بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ
Waɗanda suka amsawa Ubangijinsu kuma suka tsayar da sallah ayyukansu sun kasance cikin shawara tsakankaninsu, kuma daga abin da muka azurta su suna ciyarwa.
(Kur'ani: Shura: 38)
Sha'anin Sauka
Fadlu Ɗan Hasan Ɗabarsi daga Malaman tafsirin na Shi'a a ƙarni na biya da shida h ƙamari, yana ganin aya ta 38 suratul Shuta ta sauka ne kan Ansar (Mutanen Madina) waɗanda su dama tun kafin muslunci suna gudanar da ayyukansa bayan yin shawara, yana cewa Allah ya yabe su cikin wannan aya, haka kuma an naƙalto daga Zahhak Bn Mazahim Hilali wanda ya rasu shekara ta 102 ko 105 Malamin tafsiri na Ahlus-sunna kuma ɗaya daga cikin Tabi'ai,[5] cewa wannan aya tana ishara zuwa ga wasu jama'a daga Ansar waɗanda lokacin da labari ya je kunnuwansu cewa Annabi (S.A.W) ya bayyana sai suka taru a gidan Abu Ayyubul Ansari domin yin shawara, sun yi imani da Annabi (S.A.W) tun kafin ya yi hijira zuwa Madina, sannan sun yi masa bai'a a Aƙbatu,[6] a imanin Makarim Shirazi duk da cewa akwai sababin saukar wannan, sai dai cewa ayar bata keɓanci sababin saukarta ba, aya ce da take bayanin gamammen shiri ga kowa da kowa.[7]
Me Amsa Kiran Ubangiji Yake Nufi?
A cewar Makarim Shirazi, cikin ayar Shura an bayyana amsa kiran Ubangiji wacce sifface da ta tattaro bakiɗayan kyawawan ayyuka, matsayin mafi muhimmancin siffofin Muminai, a mahangar Malaman tafsiri, amsa kiran Ubangiji cikin wannan aya ya zo da ma'anar aikata dukkanin ayyuka masu kyau wanda Ubangiji ya nemi mutum ya aikata su, sannan kada ya sake ya saɓawa masa cikin dukkanin umarni da hani,[8] a cewar Allama ɗabaɗaba'i isharar da aka yi kan sallah cikin kyawawan ayyuka ya kasance sakamakon darajarta da falalarta.[9]
Muhimmancin Shawara Yin Shawara A Rayuwance
Bayanin kasancewar shawara cikin siffofin Muminai[10] an yi shi kusa da imani da Allah da tsayar da sallah, Malamai suna ganin hakan wata alama ce ta muhimmancin shawara.[11] a Imanin Makarim Shirazi, kwaɗaitarwa Alkur'ani kan yin shawara gabanin gabatar da ayyuka ya kasance ne sakamakon duk inda mutum ya kai da tanadi cikin tunani dole dai ba zai shallake tunani ɗaya zuwa wasu adadi ba a cikin warware Mabambantan mas'aloli, dole zai gafala daga wasu sasanni.[12]
Wajabcin Yin Shawara
Sayyid Muhammad Taƙiyyu Mudarrasi cikin tafsiru Min Hadayil Alkur'an ƙarshen ayar Shura ya ce: wasu ba'arin masu bincike suna ganin wajabcin shawara, sun yi imani kan cewa Hakim Shar'i tare da kasancewarsa Faƙihi Adali, bai kamata cikin jagorantar al'umma ya wadatu da ra'ayinsa kankin kansa ba kaɗai, Maimakon haka, wajibi ne ya yi amfani da ilimi da fahimtar wasu wajen ciyar da aiki gaba. Har ila yau, a cewarsa, ba wa mai mulki shawara da jama'a zai kasance ɗaya daga cikin misalan Majalisa. Mudarrasi ya yi imanin cewa majalisar za ta tabbatar da 'yancin kada ƙuri'a da 'yancin zaɓi.[13]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuneh, 1371, juzu'i na 20, shafi.461.
- ↑ Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 63
- ↑ <a class="eɗternal teɗt" href="http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/n120503/">«نقش مشورت و مشارکت در فرایند تصمیم سازی با نگاهی تاریخی و تطبیقی»</a>
- ↑ Ɗabarasi, Majma Al-Bayan, 1372, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 57.
- ↑ Marafet, Tafsiru wa Mufassirun, 1379, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 259.
- ↑ Ɗabarasi, Majma Al-Bayan, 1372, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 51-50.
- ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuneh 1371, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 463.
- ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 63; Mughniyeh, Al-Kashif, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 529.
- ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 63.
- ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Payam ƙur'an, 1386, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 87-88.
- ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Payam ƙur'an, 1386, juzu'i na 10, shafi na-88.
- ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuneh, 1371, juzu'i na 20, shafi 462-463
- ↑ Madrasi, Min Hadayi Al-ƙur'an, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 371-372.
Nassoshi
- Tabatabaei, Mohammad Hossein, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-ƙur'an, Beirut, Al-Alami Press Institute, 1390 AH.
- Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hassan, Majma Al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-ƙur'an, Tehran, Nasser Khosrow, 1372.
- مبلغی، احمد، <a class="eɗternal teɗt" href="http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/n120503/">«نقش مشورت و مشارکت در فرایند تصمیم سازی با نگاهی تاریخی و تطبیقی»</a>مندرج در پرتال امام خمینی، تاریخ درج ۲ اردیبهشت ۱۳۹۶ش، تاریخ بازدید ۶ بهمن ۱۴۰۱ش.
- Madrasi, Sayyed Mohammad Taƙi, Min Hadayi Al-ƙur'an, Tehran, Dar Mohibi Al-Hussein, 1419 AH.
- Marfat, Mohammad Hadi, Tafsir wa Mufassirun , ƙom, Al-Tamhid Institute, 1379.
- Mughniyeh, Al-Kashif fi Tafsir Al-ƙur'an, ƙom, Dar al-Kitab al-Islami, 1424H.
- Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, Payam ƙur'an, ƙum, Amir al-Momenin School, 1368.
- Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, Tafsir Namuneh, Tehran, Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiya, 1371