Suratul Kafirun
Suratul Kafirun (Larabci: سورة الكافرون) sura ce ta 109 kuma tana daga cikin surori da suka sauka a Makka, tana juzu’i 30, dalilin sanya mata wannan suna Kafirun magana ce dangane da Kafirai, cikin wannan Sura Allah ya umarci Annabi (S.A.W) ya shelanta barranta daga bautar Gumaka, yace hakika ni bana karkata zuwa ga addininku kuma ba zan taba yin sulhu daku ba kan Bautar Gumaka, ance wannan sura ta sauka lokacin da wasu Jama’a daga Kafirai suka ka yiwa tayin Annabi (S.A.W) za su zauna a addininsa zuwa wani dan lokaci na wucin gadi shima ya mika wuya zuwa ga addininsu na bautar Gumaka zuwa wani lokaci na wucin gadi. Cikin falalar tilawar wannan sura ya zo a riwayoyi cewa idan ka karantata kafin kwanciya bacci lallai tana lamintar da mutum, idan kuma ka karantata a sallolin farilla tana sanyawa Allah ya yi rahama ga Mahaifanka da `ya`yanka
Gabatarwa
- Sanya Suna
Ana kiran wannan sura da Kafirun saboda ta sauka dangane da Kafirai kuma ta fara Magana da suka a farkonta, akwai sunannakin da take da su daga cikinsu akwai (Ibadat) da kuma (Jahadu) an kirata da sunan Ibadat saboda an yi amfani da Kalmar Ibada cikin surar a wurare da dama, sannan an kirata da Jahadu da ma’anar Inkari saboda an yi amfani da ita cikin surar kan wadanda suke cewa suna inkarin addinin Allah [1]
- Mahalli da Jerantuwar Sauka
Suratul Kafirun tana cikin surorin da suka sauka a Makka, sannan cikin Jerantuwar sauka sura ce ta 17 da sauka a wurin Annabi (S.A.W), a cikin tsarin Kur’ani a yanzu sura ce ta 109,[2] kuma tana juzu’i 30 cikin Alkur’ani. Marubucin Tafsirul Almizan yana ganin akwai sabani cikin kasancewarta ta sauka a Makka ko Madina amma tare da haka bisa la’akarin da siyaki da tsarin da ta zo da shi kasancewar saukar ta a Makka a bayyane yake [3]
- adadin Ayoyi da Sauran Hususiyoyi
Suratul Kafirun tana da aya 6 Kalmomi 27 Haruffa 99, wannan sura tana jerin Gajerun surori Mufassalat (Masu gajertar ayoyi) suratul Kafirun tana cikin surori hudu wanda suka fara da Kul [4]
Abinda Take Tattare da Shi
Cikin suratul Kafirun Allah ya umarci Manzonsa ya shelanta barranta daga addinin Bautar Gumaka ya kuma bayyana cewa Kafirai basa daga Mabiya addininsa, bas a bautawa abinda Muhammad (S.A.W) yake bautawa shima kuma baya bautawa abin bautarsu, saboda haka wadannan Kafirai wajibi su debe duk wani Sa rai da tsammani daga tunanin cewa Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) zai yi sulhu da su kan addinin bautar Gumaka [5]
Sha’anin Sauka
Hakika Malaman tafsiri daga cikinsu har da Tabari, Tusi, Mubidi, Zamakshari, Ɗabarasi, da Abul Al-Fatuhu kan sha’anin saukar wannan sura sun rubuta cewa: wasu Jama’a daga Manyan cikin Kuraishawa da suka kasance Jagororin Kafirci da Bata daga Walidu Bn Mugira, Asu Bn Wa’ili, Umayyatu Bn Khalaf, Aswad Bn Abdul-Mutallib, da Harisu Bn Kaisi sun je wurin Annabi (S.A.W) sun yi masa tayin Sulhu daga bangarori biyu suna masu cewa ka kasance Mabiyin addininmu zuwa dan wani lokaci na wucin gadi ka bautawa abin da muke Bautawa daga Gumaka, mu ma zamu bautawa abinda kake bautawa take kai tsaye Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi watsi da wannan tayi da shawara da suka zo da ita, sai wannan sura ta sauka [6]
Fuskokin da akayi Maimaici sun Kunshi ayoyi 2-3-4-5
Ayoyi 4-5
Za su iya kasancewa karfafa abinda ayoyi 2-3
Kuma za su zama wannan ma’anar cewa Annabi (S.A.W) Allah ya umarce shi ya gayawa wadannan Kafirai zai taba yiwuwa masu tarayya ko muyi tarayya ni da ku cikin ibada ko cikin abin bautawa, abin Bautar Annabi (S.A.W) shine Allah shi kadai , sannan abin bautar Kafirai sune Gumaka, sannan bautar Annabi (S.A.W) tana kan asasin shari’a da dokokin Allah, ita kuma Bautar Kafirai wata Bidi’a ce kagagga daga Jahilci da kagaggiyar Karya [7] Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cikin amsar ga tambayar akayi masa kan dalilin Maimaita Kalmar ba zan bautawa abinda kuke bautawa, kuma Kafirai ba zaku bautawa abinda nake bautawa ba, sai yace: abinda Kuraishwa suke nufi shine Annabi ya bautawa abin bautarsu a shekara suma shekara mai zuwa za su bautawa abin bautarsa, sai ayi ta maimaita haka tsakanin shi da su, Allah ya umarci Annabinsa ya gayawa wannan Jama’a ta Kafirai ba zai taba yiwuwa ayi haka ba tsakanisa da su, kuma babu lokacin da Annabi zai bautawa Gumakansu ba, babu wanda zai bautawa sai Allah, suma babu lokacin da zasu bautawa Allah, (a wata Maganar kamar yanda Kafiran Kuraishawa suka Maiamaita yin tayin kan cigaba da bautawa Gumakansu shekara zuwa shekara ga Annabi, suma kuma za su dinga bautawa abin bautar Annabi duk bayan shekara zuwa shekara) sai Kur’ani cikin basu amsa shima ya maiamaita watsi da tayin da suka yi, [8] Muhuyid-Ad-Dini Arabi cikin Tafsirinsa kan ayar
Ya tafi kan cewa wannan aya tana da dangantaka ne da zamanin da Annabi (S.A.W) yake ciki da wanda zai zo nan gaba shi yana shuhudin gaskiya tareda zatinsa kuma ayar:
Tana da dangantaka da tarihin Annabi (S.A.W) hakika ya kasance gabanin Kamala da cikakken wusuli zuwa ga Allah bisa gwargwadon tanadin halittarsa banda Allah wanda shine ya cancanci bauta masa Annabi bai taba bautar wanin Allah tunda Allah ya halicce shi [9]
Aya ta Shida da gurguwar Fahimtar da Wasu Suka yi mata
Allama Tabataba’i cikin tafsiri din aya ta shida da take cewa: (addininku na gareku, nima addinina yana gareni) ya rubuta cewa zai iya yiwuwa ya fado cikin kwakwalwar wani cewa wannan aya ta bawa mutane cikakken yancin zabar addini, kowa yana da zabi addinin da ransa yake so ko da kuwa Shirka ya zaba, ko kuma ya fado tunanin wani ayar tana son umartar Annabi (S.A.W) ba ruwansa da addinin Mushrikai, sai dai cewa wannan gurguwar Fahimtace mara asali, bari dai wannan aya tana son cewa Annabi (S.A.W) har abada ba zaka taba karkata zuwa ga addininsu suma babu sanda za su karkata zuwa ga addininka babu sanda zasu karbi gaskiya, a asali da asasin kira zuwa ga addinin gaskiya wanda Alkuur’ani yake kira zuwa gare shi baya karbar wannan gurguwar fahimta mara asali da asasi [10] Sayyid Muhammad Husaini Tabataba’i cikin cigaban bayani ya rubuta cewa wasu ba’ari a yunkurinsu na tunkude wannan gurguwar fahimta mara asali sunce Kalmar (addini) da ta zo cikin ayar tana nufin lada, ma’ana ladana nawa ne, ladanku kuma naku ne, ko kuma an shafe Kalmar (Aljaza) Lada, ma’ana abin da ayar take nufi shi ne ladan addinina nawa ne, kuma ladan addininku naku ne, sai dai cewa Allama Tabataba’i samsam bai karbi wannan Magana da suka kawo ba, yace wannan Magana ce da take nesa da kwakwalwa [11]
Falala da Hususiyoyi
Asalin Makala: Falalolin Surori Cikin Falalar tilawar wannan sura ya zo cewa wani Mutum ya cewa Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) ka koyar da ni wani abu da zan karanta shi lokacin da zan kwanta bacci, sai Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) ya masa wasiyya duk sanda zai kwanta bacci ya karanta suratul Kafirun sai ya kwanta hakika garkuwa ce daga Shirka [12] an rawaito cewa ladan karanta wannan sura daidai yake da karanta daya bisa hudun Kur’ani [13] haka kuma kan asasin Riwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) duk wanda ya karanta suratul Kafirun da suratul Iklas cikin sallolin Farilla Allah zai jikan Mahaifansa [14] Imam (A.S) ya kara da cewa cikin raka’o’i biyu na sallar Asuba kana iya karanta duk surar da kake so, amma ni nafi son in karanta suratul Iklas da Kafirun [15] haka an yi wasiyya da karanta suratul Kafirun cikin raka’ar farko ta Nafilar Magariba [16] Akwai Hususiyoyi cikin karanta wannan Sura daga cikin akwai misalin nesantar Shaidan daga Mai karantata [17] akwai samun dacewa da amsa addu’a idan aka karanta ta kafa goma lokacin huduwar Rana, ko kuma ganin Annabi (S.A.W) a mafarki idan aka karantata [18] kafa 100 a Daren Juma’a [19]
Hukuncin Fikihu
Kan asasin fatawar Malaman Shi’a, idan masu sallah suka fara da karanta suratul Kafirun ko Suratul Tauhid bayan karanta Fatiha ba za su iya yanke su ba da canjawa da wata surar, amma idan sauran surori ne basu ba ko da sun kai rabinsu za su iya yankewa su canja da wata surar [20]
Matani
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ ١ لَا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ ٢ وَلَا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ ٣ وَلَا أَنَا عَابِدٌ مَا عَبَدْتُمْ ٤ وَلَا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ ٥ لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ ٦﴾
(Quran: SUratul Kafirun)
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Daneshnameh Kur'an wa Kur'an Fajuhi, 1377, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1269-1270.
- ↑ Marafet, Amuzeshi Ulum Kur’an, 1371, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 166.
- ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 373.
- ↑ Daneshnameh Kur'an wa Kur'an Fajuhi, 1377, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1269-1270
- ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1974, juzu'i na 20, shafi.373.
- ↑ Alqur'anil Alkareem Tarjameh, Tauzihat, wa-Wajehnameh, ƙarƙashin suratu Kafurun.
- ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 374.
- ↑ Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1394 Hijira, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 375.
- ↑ Ibnul Arabi, Tafsir Ibn Al-Arabi, 1422 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 435.
- ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1974, juzu'i na 20, shafi.374
- ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1974, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 375.
- ↑ Tabarsi, Majmam Al-Bayan, 1372, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 550.
- ↑ Tabarsi, Majum Al-Bayan fi Tafsir Qur'an, 1372, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 839.
- ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Thawab al-Amal, 1406H, shafi na 127.
- ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Tahzeeb Al-Ahkam, 1382-1378H. Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 136.
- ↑ Qommi, Sheikh Abbas, Mufatih Al-jinan, bayan sallar magriba, 1390
- ↑ Tabarsi, Majma Al-Bayan, 1372, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 552.
- ↑ Kafami Ameli, Misbah Kafami, shafi na 461.
- ↑ Muhaddith Nouri, Mostadrak Al-Wasail, Al-Al-Bait Institute, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 105.
- ↑ Misali, koma zuwa: Imam Khumaini, Risaleh Ilmiyeh, fitowa ta 990.
Nassoshi
- Alkur'anil Alkareem , wanda Mohammad Mahdi Fouladvand ya fassara, [Tehran, Dar al-Qur'an al-Karim, 1418 AH/1376 AH.
- Al-Kur’anil Alkareem , tarjama, bayani da ƙamus: Bahauddin Khorramshahi, Tehran: Jami, Nilofar, 1376.
- Ibn al-Arabi, Mohi al-Din, Tafsir Ibn al-Arabi, bincike, gyara da gabatarwa: Al-Shaykh Abd al-Warith Muhammad Ali, bugun: Al-Ulwa senna al-Tabb: 1422 AH. 2001 AD, Al-Matabah: Lebanon/Beirut - Dar Al-Kutub Al-Elamiya, Publisher: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alamiya.
- Khamegar, Mohammad, Saktare Surrahaye Kur'ani Kareem, wanda Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kur'ani da Atrat Noor al-Saqlain, Qum, Nashra Publishing House, Ch1, 1392 suka shirya.
- Daneshnameh Qur'an wa Qur'an Fajuhi, Juzu'i na 2, editan Bahauddin Khorramshahi, Tehran: Dostane-Nahid, 1377.
- Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad bin Ali, Thawab Al-Amal da Eqab Al-Amal, Qom, Dar al-Sharif al-Razi, Ch2, 1406H.
- Sheikh Tusi, Tahzeeb Al-Ahkam, Najaf, Hassan Mousavi Khorsan, 1382-1378
- Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hassan, Majma Al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, bincike da gabatarwa na Mohammad Javad Balaghi, Nasser Khosrow Publications, Tehran, Ch10, 1372.
- Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Beirut, Al-Alami Foundation for Publications, bugu na biyu, 1974.
- Kafami Ameli, Ibrahim bin Ali, Janna Al-Iman al-Waqiyya da Janna al-Iman al-Baqiyya (wanda aka fi sani da Misbah), Najaf, Dar al-Katb al-Alamiya, 1349.
- Muhaddith Nouri, Hossein bin Mohammad Taqi, Mustadrak al-Wasail da Mustanbat al-Masal, Beirut, Al-Al-Bayt Institute (A.S.).
- Marfat, Mohammad Hadi, Amuzeshi Ulumul Kur'an, [ba a buga ba], Cibiyar Buga Cibiyar Farfagandar Musulunci, bugun farko, 1371.