Suratul Iklas

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Suratul Iklas

Suratul Iklas (Larabci: سورة الإخلاص) ko kuma suratu Tauhid sura ce da ta kunshi dayanta ubangiji, kuma sura ce ta dari da goma sha biyu cikin [[surorin da suka sauka a Makka], tana cikin juzu’i na talatin, da wannan dalili ne ake kiranta da suratu Iklasi ko kuma Tauhid saboda sura ce da ta kunshi bayani kan dayanta ubangiji da kuma tsarkake mutum daga aikata Shirka. Suratu Iklasi ta kunshi dayantar Allah tauhidi da wadatuwar sa daga barin wanin sa da kuma bukatuwar dukkanin halittu zuwa gare shi, suratu Iklasi sura ce da take da tarin falaloli, daga cikin su akwai batun cewa wannan sura tana da hukunci daya bisa ukun Kur’ani, ma’ana karanta ta sau uku daidai yake da sauke Kur’ani, riwaya ta karfafa karanta ta cikin sallolin Rana gida biyar, ya zo a riwaya Annabi (S.A.W) ya kamanta Ali (A.S) da suratu Iklasi yana cewa: kamar yanda karanta suratu Iklasi sau uku yake daidai da sauke Alkur’ani, haka son Sarki Muminai (A.S) a cikin harshe da zuciya da aiki, daidai yake da son dukkanin Muslunci, wannan sura tana cikin jerin surori guda hudu da suka fara da (`Kul).

Gabatrwa

Adon kan tile na suratul tauhid da yake ginin Haramin Fatima Ma'asuma (A.S)
  • Sanya suna

Wannan sura ta shahara da sunan suratul Iklasi da Tauhid,Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1374, juzu'i na 20, shafi.387.</ref> shafi na 355-356</ref> dalilin sanya mata wannan suna na Tauhid ya samu ne sakamakon siffanta Allah da dayantaka, 2 bisa lura da abin da ta kunsa, tana tsarkake mutum daga Shirka da kuma kubutar da shi daga azabar Wuta, da haka ne ake kiranta da sunan Iklasi (kubuta) [1] haka kuma ya zo a riwaya daga tsoffin litattafai duba da aya ta farko cikin sura an kirata da sunan (Kul huwallahu) [2] da wasu sunanannakin daban daga cikin su: Samad,Najatu,Ma’arifat, Asasu,Tajrid,Tafrid,Bara’at da kuma Mushakshikatu [3]

  • Mahalli da kuma jeratuwar sauka

Shaik Ɗabarasi ya tafi kan cewa suratu Iklasi tana daga surrorin da suka sauka a Makka ya kuma rubuta cewa wasu suna cewa a Madina ta sauka, [4] Suyudi daga Malaman Ahlus-sunna shima yana cewa wannan sura karo biyu ta sauka: karo na farko ta sauka ne Makka sannan kuma karo na biyu ta sauka a Madina, [5] amma Allama Tabataba’i ya rubuta cewa: an ambaci abubuwa dangane da saukar wannan sura amma batun saukar ta a Makka yafi inganci, [6] idan aka yi la’akari da jerantar sauka to wannan sura tana daga sura ta ashirin da biyu da ta sauka wurin Annabi (S.A.W) amma a tsarin jerin Kur’ani sura ce ta dari da sha biyu [7] sannan kuma tana juzu’i na talatin.

  • Adadin ayoyi da kuma wasu hususiyoyi

Suratu Iklasi tana da ayoyi 4 kalmomi 15 da haruffa 47, tana daga cikin surori Mufassilat (surorin da aka faifaice bayani) tare da gajerun ayoyi, sune suratu Iklasi, suratu Kafirun, suratu Nasi, suratu Falak, dukkanin su farkon su yana farawa da (Kul) sune ake kiran su da Kul guda hudu, [8] wadannan surori da suka sauka a kammale ma’ana kowacce ta zo tare da dukkanin ayoyin da ta kunsa a lokaci guda. [9]

Abin da surar ta kunsa

Allama Tabataba’i cikin Tafsirin Almizan ya rubuta cewa suratu Iklasi hakika ubangiji ya yabi kansa da dayanta da kuma kasancewa dukkanin halittu cikin dukkanin bukatun su suna bukatuwa zuwa gare shi da kuma kasancewa babu wani daya cikin kwayar komayya ko cikin siffofi da yake iya kasancewa abokin tarayyar sa, wannan tsantsar Tauhidi da ya kebantu da shi da ya zo a Kur’ani da dukkanin ma’arifa daga Asali da rassa da Aklak, kan wannan asasi ne muslunci ya ginu [10] wasu ba’arin Sufayen Ahlus-sunna sun amfani da ayar (bai Haifa ba kuma ba a haife shi ba) cewa dukkanin samuwa suna danganewa da Allah ne, basu da kowacce irin rabewa da cin gashin kai, dukkanin abin da kake gani bayyana ce ta Allah, dukkanin su ayoyi na Allah da suke tabbatar da samuwar sa basu da wani nuni na kankin kansu, Imam Ali (A.S) a Tafsirin suratu Tauhid yana cewa: shi ubangiji ba haifarsa aka yi da har zai samu abokin tarayya cikin buwaya da kudura, kuma shi bai haifi `da ba da bayan mutuwa zai zama magajinsa, [11] Imam Kazim (A.S) cikin wata riwaya cikin tafsirin suratu Tauhid yana cewa: bai haihu ba ballantana ya zama yana da magaji, ba a haife shi ba da har wani zai zama abokin tarayyar sa. [12] Abin da Suratu Iklas take kunshe da shi [13]

Sha’ani da dalilin saukar ta

Gameda sababin saukar ta an karbo daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) wasu Jama’a daga Yahudawa sun nemi Annabi (S.A.W) ya siffanta musu Allah, tsawom kwanaki uku Annabi (S.A.W) bai ce musu komai ba, har zuwa lokacin da suratu Iklasi ta sauka sannan ya basu amsa, [14] wasu sun ce wannan bukata ta siffanta Allah ta fito ne daga wasu Jama’a daga Mushrikan Makka, [15] ko ma’abota littafi daga mutanen Madina, [16] ko kuma dai wasu mutane daban. [17]

Ma’anar Kalmar Samadu

Samadu na nufin wani ma’abocin girma da dukkanin bukatun mutane ke karkata zuwa gare shi kowa da kowa yana bukatuwa zuwa gare shi, sakamakon Allah shi ne mahaliccin dukkanin halittu da samuwa sai ya zamana duk wani abu wanda ba Allah yana bukatuwa zuwa gare shi cikin zatin samuwar sa da siffar sa da ayyukan sa, Alifun da lamun cikin Kalmar Alsamadu ance takaicewa samadiya na cikin Allah wannan tsantsar samadiya ba tare da kowanne irin kaidi da sharadi, kai tsaye yana dauke da sakamako guda uku sune kamar haka: 1 (bai Haifa ba) ma’ana babu wani abu da yake rabuwa daga shi, kamar yanda Kiristoci suke cewa Isa Almasihu `dan Allah ne daga gare shi ya fita. 2 (ba a haife shi ba) ma’ana shi kankin kansa wani bai haife shi ba, bashi da uwa bashi da uba baya bukatar fitowa daga wani abu. 3 (kuma bai kasance yana da tsara ba) ma’ana babu wani abu da yake kamanceceniya da shi yake kishiyar sa cikin zati da aiki. Haifa da haihuwa na nufin danganewa da kuma tsara da kwatankwaci. (tsara) na nufin wani halitta mai cin gashin kansa wanda shi ba Allah bane, dukkanin wadannan abubuwa basa dacewa da samadiya da kore bukatar sa. [18]

Matsayin Imam Ali da kuma suratu Iklasi

Cikin wata riwaya Annabi (S.A.W) ya kamanta Imam Ali (A.S) da suratu Iklas, ya zo cewa misalin Ali Bn Abi Talib tsakankanin mutane kamar misalin (Kul huwallahu Ahadun). Kamar yanda duk wanda ya karanta ta sau uku daidai yake da wanda ya sauke Kur’ani to kwatankwacin haka lamarin yake ga Imam Ali (A.S) duk wanda ya so shi kan harshe da cikin zuciya da cikin ayyukan sa daidai yake da son dukkanin muslunci, a karshse Annabi (S.A.W) yace: na rantse da wanda ya aiko ni da sakon muslunci, da mutanen duniya za su so shi kamar yanda halittun sama suke son shi, da Allah bai azabtar da wani da wuta ba. [19] A wannan kasa, [20] Kanduzi malamin Ahlus-sunna ya kawo wannan riwaya a littafin sa mai suna Yanabi’ul Muwadda [21] haka kuma wata riwayar da ta kunshi wannan ma’ana ta zo cikin wasu litattafan Ahlus-sunna cewa matsayin Sarkin Muminai Ali (A.S) kwatankwacin matsayin suratu Iklas ne. [22]

Falala da Hususiya

Zanen rubutun suratul tauhid na Kasim kwararren mai zanen rubutun Ado dan kasar Turkiyya

Asalin Makala: falalar suratu Iklasi An nakalto daga Annabi (S.A.W) da Imam Baƙir (A.S) suratu Tauhidi tana matsayin daya bisa uku na Kur’ani [23] an rawaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) duk wanda ya karanta suratu Tauhid kuma yana mai Imani da kadaita da dayantar Allah hakika ya san tauhidin kadaita Allah [24] haka kuma hadisi ya zo daga Annabi (A.S) yana umarni da yawaita karanta wannan sura saboda wannan sura hasken Kur’ani ce [25] an nakalto dgaa Imam Ali (A.S) duk wanda ya karanta suratu Tauhid da suratu Kadar kafa dari a dare ko rana hakika Allah zai sanya haske cikin kabarin sa za a sanya masa haske gaba da baya ya raka shi har zuwa Aljanna [26] haka kuma Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) yana cewa duk wanda yinin sa ya kare ba tare da ya karanta suratu Tauhid cikin salloli biyar na farilla ba za a ce masa hakika kai baka cikin masu yin sallah. [27] A cikin litattafan riwaya ya zo cewa akwai wasu hususiyoyi ga karanta wannan sura, daga cikin su akwai magance radadin ciwon ido [28] kariya ga mutum lokacin tafiye-tafiye idan ka karanta ta kafa goma sha daya [29] makarancin zai samu kariyar Mala’iku hamsin lokacin da yake bacci [30] kawar da talauci [31] gafarar zunubai idan an karanta ta kafa 200 a dare ko kuma ranar juma’a cikin salla raka’a biyu, [32] haka kuma amsa addu’a idan an karanta ta a raka’ar farko bayan Fatiha. [33]

Karanta Suratu Tauhid

Wasicci mai tarin yawa ya zo kan karanta suratu Iklas a cikin sallolin farali, ya zo cewa Makruhi ne maimaita karanta sura guda daya a raka’a biyu in banda suratu Iklas [34] sabanin sauran surori, masallata za su iya yanke karatun gabanin kaiwa rabin sura su canja da karanta wata surar daban, gameda suratu Iklas da suratu Kafirun an bada togacaccen izini su idan aka fara karanta daya daga cikin su dole a karasa karatun har zuwa karshe. [35] Mustahabbi ne karanta suratu Iklas cikin salloli masu yawan raka’o’i misalin sallar Sarkin Muminai (A.S) ana karanta ta kafa hamsin a kowacce raka’a daga raka’o’I hudun, haka kuma karanta kafa hamsin cikin sallar Hazrat Zahra (A.S) [36] a raka’ar farko da kuma raka’a biyu cikin sallar dare, [37] sai kuma raka’a daya ta witiri [38] da kuma nafilar Asubahi, da nafilar Azuhur da Magariba, da sallar daura Harami da Dawafi, [39] haka kuma lokacin gifta wata Makabarta [40] da kuma lokacin tsayuwar Arafat [41] za a karanta kafa 11 a yi hadayar ladan ga mamatan da suke kwance a makabartar. [42]

Matani

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ١ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ٢ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ٣ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ ٤﴾


(Quran: suratul Iklas)


Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Tabarsi, Majma'ul Al-Bayan, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 479.
  2. ↑ Dayiratul Maref Akur'anil Kareem, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 355-356.
  3. ↑ Khoramshahi,Daneshnameh Quran wa-Quran Fajuhi, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1270 da 1271
  4. ↑ Tabarsi, Tafsir Majama Al-Bayan, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 479.
  5. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, 1376, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 140.
  6. ↑ Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1374, juzu'i na 20, shafi.387.
  7. ↑ Marafet, Amuzeshi Ulumi Kur’an, 1371, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 166.
  8. ↑ Daneshnaeh Alqur'an wa Kur'an Fajuhi, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1270 da 1271.
  9. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, 1376, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 145.
  10. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, fassarar, 1374, juzu'i na 20, shafi.669
  11. ↑ Nahj Al-Balagha, hadisi na 182, Mohammad Dashti ya fassara, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 175.
  12. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Al-Tauhid, 1387H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 76.
  13. ↑ Khamegar, Mohammad, Saktare Surahaye Kur'ani Kareem, wanda Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kur'ani da Atrat Noor al-Saqlain, Qum, Nashra Publishing House, Ch1, 1392 suka shirya.
  14. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir al-Namuneh, juzu'i na 27, shafi na 428.
  15. ↑ Abu al-Fatuh Razi, Roudul Al-Janan, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 465
  16. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, 1376, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 140.
  17. ↑ Siyuti, Durrul Al-Manthor, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 411-410.
  18. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1394 AH, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 389.
  19. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Kashf Al-Yekin, 1411 AH, shafi na 298.
  20. ↑ Aghabozur Tehrani, Kashkol, 2013, Hosseini Ashkouri, Seyyed Jaafar yayi bincike.
  21. ↑ Kundozi, Yanabi Al Mowadda, 1416 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 376.
  22. ↑ Duba: Ibn Shahin Baghdadi, sashin Hadisin Ibn Shahin, shafi na 340-341; Ibn Maghazali, Manaqib Amir al-Mu’minin Ali bin Abi Talib, 1424H, shafi na 108.
  23. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Dar al-Manthor, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 678-680; Qutb Ravandi, Al-Dawat, Makarantar Imam Mahdi, shafi na 217.
  24. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Ayoun Akhbar Al-Reza, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 122.
  25. ↑ Qutb Ravandi, Al-Dawat, Madraesh Imam Mahdi, shafi na 84.
  26. ↑ Qutb Ravandi, Al-Dawat, Madraseh Imam Mahdi, shafi na 219.
  27. ↑ Kulaini, Usul Kafi, Mujalladi na 2, shafi na 455.
  28. ↑ Bahrani, Tafsir Al-Burhan, 1416 Hijira, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 798.
  29. ↑ Qutb Ravandi, Al-Dawat, Madraseh Imam Mahdi, shafi na 295.
  30. ↑ Tabarsi, Makarem al-Akhlaq, 1377, shafi na 289.
  31. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Khesal, 1403 AH, shafi na 626.
  32. ↑ Tusi, Misbah al-Mutahjad, 1411H, shafi na 261.
  33. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Man La Yahzara Al-Faqih, 1413 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 315.
  34. ↑ Hakim, Mustamsk Al-Urwa, Dar Al-Tafsir, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 285.
  35. ↑ Kulaini, Usul Kafi, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 317.
  36. ↑ Qomi, Sheikh Abbas, Mufatih Al-Jannan, 1390, Namaz Amirul Mominin.
  37. ↑ Najafi, Jawaher Al-Kalam, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 414.
  38. ↑ Tusi, Al-Khalaf, 1407H, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 538.
  39. ↑ Najafi, Jawaher Al-Kalam, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 412.
  40. ↑ Kashf al-Ghitah, Kashf al-Ghitah, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 300.
  41. ↑ Najafi, Jawaharul Kalam, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 52.
  42. ↑ Hawizi, Tafsir Noor al-Saghalin, 1383 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 702.

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