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Suratul Iklas

Daga wikishia
Suratul Iklas
Masad
Suratul Masad
Iklas
Falaki
Suratul Falaki
Lambar Sura112
Juzu'i30
Jerantuwa Ta Sauka22
Adadin Ayoyi4
Adadin Kalmomi15
Adadin Haruffa47
Makkiya/MadaniyyaMakkiya


Suratul Iklas (Larabci: سورة الإخلاص) ko kuma suratu Tauhid sura ce da ta kunshi dayanta ubangiji, kuma sura ce ta dari da goma sha biyu cikin surorin da suka sauka a Makka, tana cikin juzu'i na talatin, da wannan dalili ne ake kiranta da suratu Iklasi ko kuma Tauhid saboda sura ce da ta kunshi bayani kan dayanta ubangiji da kuma tsarkake mutum daga aikata Shirka. Suratu Iklasi ta kunshi dayantar Allah tauhidi da wadatuwar sa daga barin wanin sa da kuma bukatuwar dukkanin halittu zuwa gare shi, suratu Iklasi sura ce da take da tarin falaloli, daga cikin su akwai batun cewa wannan sura tana da hukunci daya bisa ukun Kur'ani, ma'ana karanta ta sau uku daidai yake da sauke Kur'ani, riwaya ta karfafa karanta ta cikin sallolin yau da kullum gida biyar, ya zo a riwaya Annabi (S.A.W) ya kamanta Ali (A.S) da suratu Iklasi yana cewa: kamar yanda karanta suratu Iklas sau uku yake daidai da sauke Alkur'ani, haka son Sarki Muminai (A.S) a cikin harshe da zuciya da aiki, daidai yake da son dukkanin Muslunci, wannan sura tana cikin jerin surori guda hudu da suka fara da (`Ƙul).

Gabatarwa

Adon kan tile na suratul tauhid da yake ginin Haramin Fatima Ma'asuma (A.S)

Sanya Suna

Wannan sura ta shahara da sunan suratul Iklas da Tauhid, tana da sunaye har guda 20 galibinsu sun kunshi siffofi da falalolinta,[1] Dangane da dalilin sanya mata wannan suna na Tauhid ya samu ne sakamakon siffofi da falaloli 2 bisa lura da abin da ta kunsa, tana tsarkake Allah[2] Dalilin sanya mata wannan suna na Tauhid ya samu ne sakamakon siffofi da falaloli bisa lura da abin da ta kunsa, tana tsarkake mutum daga Shirka da kuma kubutar da shi daga azabar Wuta, da haka ne ake kiranta da sunan Iklasi (kubuta)[3] haka kuma ya zo a riwaya daga tsoffin litattafai duba da aya ta farko cikin sura an kirata da sunan (Kul huwallahu)[4] Daga cikin sunanannakin na daban akwai: Samad,Najatu,Ma'arifat, Asasu,Tajrid,Tafrid,Bara'at da kuma Mushakshikatu[5]

Mahalli Da Jeratuwar Sauka

Shaik Ɗabarsi ya tafi kan cewa suratu Iklasi tana daga surrorin da suka sauka a Makka ya kuma rubuta cewa wasu suna cewa a Madina ta sauka,[6] Suyudi daga Malaman Ahlus-sunna shima yana cewa wannan sura karo biyu ta sauka: karo na farko ta sauka ne Makka sannan kuma karo na biyu ta sauka a Madina,[7] amma Allama Tabataba'i ya rubuta cewa: an ambaci abubuwa dangane da saukar wannan sura amma batun saukar ta a Makka yafi inganci,[8] idan aka yi la'akari da jerantar sauka to wannan sura tana daga sura ta ashirin da biyu da ta sauka wurin Annabi (S.A.W) amma a tsarin jerin Kur'ani sura ce ta dari da sha biyu[9] sannan kuma tana juzu'i na talatin.

Adadin Ayoyi Da Wasu Hususiyoyi

Suratu Iklasi tana da ayoyi 4 kalmomi 15 da haruffa 47, tana daga cikin surori Mufassilat (surorin da aka faifaice bayani) tare da gajerun ayoyi, sune suratu Iklasi, suratu Kafirun, suratu Nasi, suratu Falak, dukkanin su farkon su yana farawa da (Kul) sune ake kiran su da Kul guda hudu,[10] wadannan surori da suka sauka a kammale ma'ana kowacce ta zo tare da dukkanin ayoyin da ta kunsa a lokaci guda.[11]

Abin da Yake Cikin Surar

Allama Tabataba'i cikin Tafsirin Almizan ya rubuta cewa suratu Iklasi hakika ubangiji ya yabi kansa da dayanta da kuma kasancewa dukkanin halittu cikin dukkanin bukatun su suna bukatuwa zuwa gare shi da kuma kasancewa babu wani daya cikin kwayar komayya ko cikin siffofi da yake iya kasancewa abokin tarayyar sa, wannan tsantsar Tauhidi da ya kebantu da shi da ya zo a Kur'ani da dukkanin ma'arifa daga Asali da rassa da Aklak, kan wannan asasi ne muslunci ya ginu[12] Imam Kazim (A.S) cikin wata riwaya cikin tafsirin suratu Tauhid yana cewa: bai haihu ba ballantana ya zama yana da magaji, ba a haife shi ba da har wani zai zama abokin tarayyar sa.[13]


Sha'ani Sauka

Game da sababin saukar ta an karbo daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) wasu jama'a daga Yahudawa sun nemi Annabi (S.A.W) ya siffanta musu Allah, tsawom kwanaki uku Annabi (S.A.W) bai ce musu komai ba, har zuwa lokacin da suratu Iklasi ta sauka sannan ya basu amsa,[15] wasu sun ce wannan bukata ta siffanta Allah ta fito ne daga wasu Jama'a daga Mushrikan Makka,[16] ko ma'abota littafi daga mutanen Madina,[17] ko kuma dai wasu mutane daban.[18]

Kwatanta Imam Ali da kuma Suratu Iklas

Cikin wata riwaya Annabi (S.A.W) ya kamanta Imam Ali (A.S) da suratu Iklas, ya zo cewa misalin Ali Bn Abi Talib tsakankanin mutane kamar misalin (Kul huwallahu Ahadun). Kamar yanda duk wanda ya karanta ta sau uku daidai yake da wanda ya sauke Kur'ani to kwatankwacin haka lamarin yake ga Imam Ali (A.S) duk wanda ya so shi kan harshe da cikin zuciya da cikin ayyukan sa daidai yake da son dukkanin muslunci, a karshse Annabi (S.A.W) yace: na rantse da wanda ya aiko ni da sakon muslunci, da mutanen duniya za su so shi kamar yanda halittun sama suke son shi, da Allah bai azabtar da wani da wuta ba.[19] A wannan kasa,[20] Kanduzi malamin Ahlus-sunna ya kawo wannan riwaya a littafin sa mai suna Yanabi'ul Muwadda[21] haka kuma wata riwayar da ta kunshi wannan ma'ana ta zo cikin wasu litattafan Ahlus-sunna cewa matsayin Sarkin Muminai Ali (A.S) kwatankwacin matsayin suratu Iklas ne.[22] Ibn Sina ya yi amfani da wannan hadisi, ya rubuta wannan sanannen baitin waka rubai'i:

یا علی ذاتت ثبوت قل هو الله أحد
نام تو نقش نگین از امرالله الصمد
لم یلد از مادر گیتی و لم یولد چو تو
لم یکن بعد از نبی مِثلَت له کفوا أحد

Tarjama: Ya Ali, zatinka yana tabbatar da cewa Allah daya ne Sunan ka yana cikin zoben lamarin Allah mai tsarki. Ba a haife shi ba daga uwa kuma ba a haifeshi ba, wani mutum kamar kai Bayan Annabi, babu wanda ya yi kama da kai.[23]


Falala Da Hususiya

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Zanen rubutun suratul tauhid na Kasim kwararren mai zanen rubutun Ado dan kasar Turkiyya

Asalin Makala: falalar suratu Iklasi An nakalto daga Annabi (S.A.W) da Imam Baƙir (A.S) suratu Tauhidi tana matsayin daya bisa uku na Kur'ani[24] an rawaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) duk wanda ya karanta suratu Tauhid kuma yana mai Imani da kadaita da dayantar Allah hakika ya san tauhidin kadaita Allah[25] haka kuma hadisi ya zo daga Annabi (A.S) yana umarni da yawaita karanta wannan sura saboda wannan sura hasken Kur'ani ce[26] an nakalto dgaa Imam Ali (A.S) duk wanda ya karanta suratu Tauhid da suratu Kadar kafa dari a dare ko rana hakika Allah zai sanya haske cikin kabarin sa za a sanya masa haske gaba da baya ya raka shi har zuwa Aljanna[27] haka kuma Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) yana cewa duk wanda yinin sa ya kare ba tare da ya karanta suratu Tauhid cikin salloli biyar na farilla ba za a ce masa hakika kai baka cikin masu yin sallah.[28] A cikin litattafan riwaya ya zo cewa akwai wasu hususiyoyi ga karanta wannan sura, daga cikin su akwai magance radadin ciwon ido[29] kariya ga mutum lokacin tafiye-tafiye idan ka karanta ta kafa goma sha daya[30] makarancin zai samu kariyar Mala'iku hamsin lokacin da yake bacci[31] kawar da talauci[32] gafarar zunubai idan an karanta ta kafa 200 a dare ko kuma ranar juma'a cikin salla raka'a biyu,[33] haka kuma amsa addu'a idan an karanta ta a raka'ar farko bayan Fatiha.[34]

Mustahabbancin Karanta Suratul Tauhid A Cikin Salloli

An yi matukar ba da shawarar karanta Suratul Iklas a cikin sallolin farilla; kamar yadda aka ruwaito daga Imam Sadik (A.S) cewa duk wanda ya wuce rana ba tare da ya karanta Suratul Iklas a cikin sallolinsa guda biyar ba, za a ce masa kai ba mai sallah bane.[35] Haka kuma an ce makaruhi ne a maimaita karanta sura daya a raka'a biyu na sallah sai dai Suratul Ikhlas.[36] Game da Suratul Iklas da Suratul Kafirun, mai sallah ya kamata ya gama karanta wadannan surori biyu idan ya fara, sabanin sauran surorin Alkur'ani inda mai sallah zai iya daina karantawa kafin ya kai rabin surar kuma ya koma karanta wata sura.[37]

Karanta Suratul Ikhlas a cikin yawancin sallolin nafila kamar sallar Imam Ali (AS), sallar Sayyida Fatima (S).[38] Sallar dare[39] Sallar asuba da azahar da faduwar rana ana so sosai. Na gaji da ziyartar mutane a cikin kaburbura.[40] Kuma tsayuwa a Arafat, karanta shi mustahabbi ne.[41] Ana son a karanta Suratul Ikhlas sau goma sha daya yayin wucewa ta makabarta a bayar da ladan ta ga mamaci.[42]

Suratul Iklas Cikin Wakoki Da Adabin Farisanci

Suratul Ikhlas da ma'anoninta sun bayyana a cikin adabin Farisa, inda baitoci masu zuwa suka kasance misalai: Maulawi

غرقهٔ نوری که او لم یولدست
لم یلد لم یولد آن ایزدست
لم یلد لم یولد او را لایق است
والد و مولود را او خالق است

Tarjama: Ruwan haske wanda ba a haife shi ba. Bai haifa ba shi ba kuma ba a haife shi ba, shi ne Allah Ba haife shi ba kuma ya cancanci hakan Shi ne mahaliccin uwa da ɗa.[43]


Mawaki:Wasikar soyayya ta Iraki

حمد بی‌حد کردگار احد
صمد لم یلد و لم یولد

Tarjama: Godiya mara iyaka ga Ubangiji daya Tsayayye wanda ba a haife shi ba kuma bai a haifa ba.[44]

Sanayi

سنایی
وتر و قدوس و واحد است و صمد
وصف او لم یلد ولم یولد

Tarjama: daya rak da bai da na biyu, mai tsarki, daya ne kuma tsayayye Siffofinsa ba a haife shi ba kuma bai haifa ba.[45]

Nazari

Wannan sura, ban da cewa an fassara ta a cikin tafsirin dukkan Alkur'ani, tana da tafsiri masu zaman kansu kamar:

  1. Tafsir Suratul Ikhlas [rubutaccen kwafi], aikin Muhammad bin As'ad Siddiqi Dawani[46]
  2. Tafsir Suratul Ikhlas, aikin Imam Musa Sadr, fassarar Mahadi Farrokhian, mai wallafa: Cibiyar Al'adu da Bincike ta Imam Musa Sadr, 1388 SH..[47]

Matani

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ١ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ٢ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ٣ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ ٤﴾


(Quran: suratul Iklas)


Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Dashti, "Ikhlas (Sura)", shafi na 355-356.
  2. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1374, juzu'i na 20, shafi.387
  3. ↑ Tabarsi, Majma'ul Al-Bayan, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 479.
  4. ↑ Dashti, "Ikhlas (Sura)", shafi na 355-356.
  5. ↑ Khoramshahi,Daneshnameh Quran wa-Quran Fajuhi, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1270 da 1271
  6. ↑ Tabarsi, Tafsir Majama Al-Bayan, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 479.
  7. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, 1376, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 140.
  8. ↑ Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1374, juzu'i na 20, shafi.387.
  9. ↑ Marafet, Amuzeshi Ulumi Kur’an, 1371, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 166.
  10. ↑ Daneshnaeh Alqur'an wa Kur'an Fajuhi, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1270 da 1271.
  11. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, 1376, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 145.
  12. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, fassarar, 1374, juzu'i na 20, shafi.669
  13. ↑ Sheikh Saduq, Al-Tawhid, 1387 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 76.
  14. ↑ Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-i suraha-yi Qur'an-i karim, Mu'assisa-yi Farhangi-yi Qur'an wa 'Itrat-i Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qom: Nashra, ed.1, 1392 Sh.
  15. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir al-Namuneh, juzu'i na 27, shafi na 428.
  16. ↑ Abu al-Fatuh Razi, Roudul Al-Janan, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 465
  17. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, 1376, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 140.
  18. ↑ Siyuti, Durrul Al-Manthor, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 411-410.
  19. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Kashf Al-Yekin, 1411 AH, shafi na 298.
  20. ↑ Aghabozur Tehrani, Kashkol, 2013, Hosseini Ashkouri, Seyyed Jaafar yayi bincike.
  21. ↑ Kundozi, Yanabi Al Mowadda, 1416 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 376.
  22. ↑ Duba: Ibn Shahin Baghdadi, sashin Hadisin Ibn Shahin, shafi na 340-341; Ibn Maghazali, Manaqib Amir al-Mu’minin Ali bin Abi Talib, 1424H, shafi na 108.
  23. ↑ Aghabozur Tehrani, Kashkol, 2013, shafi na 240.
  24. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Dar al-Manthor, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 678-680; Qutb Ravandi, Al-Dawat, Makarantar Imam Mahdi, shafi na 217.
  25. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Ayoun Akhbar Al-Reza, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 122.
  26. ↑ Qutb Ravandi, Al-Dawat, Madraesh Imam Mahdi, shafi na 84.
  27. ↑ Qutb Ravandi, Al-Dawat, Madraseh Imam Mahdi, shafi na 219.
  28. ↑ Kulaini, Usul Kafi, Mujalladi na 2, shafi na 455.
  29. ↑ Bahrani, Tafsir Al-Burhan, 1416 Hijira, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 798.
  30. ↑ Qutb Ravandi, Al-Dawat, Madraseh Imam Mahdi, shafi na 295.
  31. ↑ Tabarsi, Makarem al-Akhlaq, 1377, shafi na 289.
  32. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Khesal, 1403 AH, shafi na 626.
  33. ↑ Tusi, Misbah al-Mutahjad, 1411H, shafi na 261.
  34. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Man La Yahzara Al-Faqih, 1413 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 315.
  35. ↑ Kulayni, Usul Kafi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 455.
  36. ↑ Hakim, Mustamsik al-Uruwah, Dar al-Tafsir, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 285.
  37. ↑ Kulayni, Usul Kafi, 1407 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 317.
  38. ↑ Qomi, Mafatih al-jinan, 1390 AH, Namazamir al-Mu’minin.
  39. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1417 BC, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 414.
  40. ↑ Kashif al-Ghitah, Kashf al-Ghitah, 1422 BC, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 300.
  41. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 52.
  42. ↑ Hawezi, Tafsir Noor al-Saghalin, 1383 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 702.
  43. ↑ پایگاه اینترنتی گنجور
  44. ↑ پایگاه اینترنتی گنجور
  45. ↑ پایگاه اینترنتی گنجینه اشعار فارسی
  46. ↑ سازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی
  47. ↑ مؤسسه فرهنگی تحقیقاتی امام موسی صدر

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