Mufassalat
Mufassalat, (Larabci: مُفَصَّلات) gajejerun surorri da suke zo a ƙarshe kur’ani waɗanda suka ƙare da Suratul Nasi; akwai saɓanin mahanga da ra’ayi game da wacce sura ce farkon sura mufassalat, haƙiƙa surori mufassalat sun kasu gida uku: masu tsayi, matsakaita da gajeru, a cikin surori mufassalat ya ƙaranta ka samu ayoyi mansukai (waɗanda aka goge) da wannan dalili ne ake kiransu da muhkamat, haka zalika ana kiran waɗannan surori da riyadul kur’an.
Sunaye da Ma’ana
Mufassalat a cikin isɗilahi suna ne da ake amfani da shi kan surorin da suka zo a ƙarshen kur’ani, surori ne gajejjeru, cikin maimaita bismilla a farkon kowacce ne suke rabuwa da juna.[1] sakamakon ƙarantar samun ayoyi mansukai cikin waɗannan surori, ana kiransu da muhkamat, Ibn Abbas cikin wata riwaya a cikin amsar da yake bayarwa kan tamabaya da aka yi game da muhkamat, ya fassara su da mufassalat.[2] cikin ba’arin riwayoyi an ambaci surori mufassalat da cewa sune riyadul kur’an (dausayin kur’ani).[3] mafi yawan surori mufassalat sun sauka a garin makka ne.[4]
Matsayin Surori Mufassalat a Tsakanin Surorin Kur’ani
Isɗilahin mufassalat ya zo cikin wata riwaya da ake dangantawa zuwa ga Annabi (s.a.w), cikin riwayoyi ya zo cewa an bani surori masu tsayi, mayin attaura an bani surori mi’un (surori masu ayoyi ɗari) [Tsokaci 1], sannan mayin linjila (bible) an bani surori masani, haka nan kuma mayin zabura an ƙara mini da mufassalat waɗanda surori ne guda 68.[5] kan asasin wasu riwayoyin daban kuma, ya zo cewa Allah ya fifita Annabi (s.a.w) kan sauran annabawa saboda bashi surori mufassalat.[6]
Nau’ukan Mufassalat
Kan asasin adadin ayoyi mufassalat sun kasu gida biyu:
| Mufassalat masu tsayi | hujurat، ƙaf، zariyat، ɗur، Najmu، ƙamar، ar-rahma، waƙi'a، hadid، mujadala، hashar، mumtahana، saffi،jum'a، munafiƙun، tagabun، ɗalaƙ، tahrim، mulku، ƙalam، haƙƙa، mi'iraj، nuhu، jinnu، muzammil، mudassir، ƙiyama، insan,mursalat، naba'i، nazi'at، abasa، takwir، infiɗar، muɗaffifin، inshiƙaƙ da buruj |
| Mufassalat matsakaita | bayuina ,ƙadar,alaƙ,tini ,sharhu,ɗariƙ، a'ala، gashiya، fajar، balad، shamsi، laili، duha |
| Mufassalat gajejjeru | zalzala، adiyat، ƙari'a، takasur، asri، humaza، filu، ƙuraishi، ma'un، kausar، kafirun، nasri، masad، iklas، falaƙ da Nasi |
Saɓanin Ra’ayi Game da Sura Ta Farko Mufassalat
Ƙarshen sura daga gungun surori mufassalat ita ce suratul nasi, amma game da sura ta farko mufassalat akwai ra’ayoyi har guda goma sha biyu: safat, jasiya, muhammad, fatahu, hujrat, ƙaf, ar-rahman, saffi, insan, a’ala da duha.[7]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Tabarsi, Majma Al-Bayan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 26; Ramyar, Tarikh ƙur’an, 1387H, shafi 595.
- ↑ Ahmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Ibn Hanbal, 1348-1375 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 343.
- ↑ Sakhawi, Jamalul al-ƙur'an’, 1418 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi
- ↑ Marafat, Ulumul ƙur’ani, 1380H, shafi na 83.
- ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 601.
- ↑ Tabarsi, Majma Al-Bayan , 1390 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 25.
- ↑ Sakhawi, Jamalul al-ƙur'an’, 1418 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 89; Khorramshahi, Danshnameh Kur’ani wa Kur’an pajuhi, 1377 AH, juzu’i na 2, shafi 2131.
Tsokaci
- ↑ cikin ba'arin kwafi maimakon "mi'unu" sai aka yi amfani da "sunan", an ce mafi inganci itace kalmar mi'unu ta farko, ta yiwu sun kawo sunan ne sakamakon rafkanar marubuta. (Husaini teharni,mehritaban,1426,ƙ.shafi na 152
Nassoshi
- Ahmad bin Hanbal, Musnad, Mohammad Shakir, Alkahira, ya yi bincike, 1375-1368H.
- Farhange Nameh Ulumul Kur'an, Qom, Cibiyar Bayani da Takardu na Musulunci/Cibiyar Bincike na Kimiyya da Al'adun Musulunci, 1394.
- Hosseini Tehrani, Mohammad Hossein, Mehr Taban, Mashhad, Nur Malkot Koran, 1426H.
- Jurjani, Hossein bin Hassan, Jala-ul-Azhan, Tehran, Tehran University Press, bugun farko, 1377.
- Khorramshahi, Bahauddin,Daneshnameh Quran wa Quran pajuhi, Tehran, Nahid, 1377.
- Kulaini, Muhammad bin Yaqub, Al-kafi, Tehran, Darul-Kitab al-Islamiya, 1407H.
- Marafet, Mohammad Hadi, Ilimin Kur'ani, Qum, Cibiyar Al'adu ta Tamehid, 1380.
- Ramyar, Mahmoud, Tarikh qur'an, Tehran, Amir Kabir Publishing House, 2007.
- Sakhavi, Ali bin Muhammad, Jamalul al-Qura'i wa Kamal al-Qara, bincike na Marwan al-Attiyah da Mohsen Kharaba, Damascus/Beirut, Dar al-Ma'mun for Heritage, bugun farko, 1418 AH/1997 AD.
- Siyuti, Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr, Al-Durrul al-Manthur Fi al-Tafsir Belmathur, Qom, 1404H.
- Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hasan, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Mohammad Bistoni, Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi, fassara, 1390.