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Shahada

Daga wikishia
(an turo daga Shahidi)
Domin sauran shafuka da suka shafi shahada ku duba shahada (Bayani)

Shahada (Larabci: الشهادة) magana ce game da mutuwa a cikin tafarkin Allah wace ishara ta zo dangane da ita cikin hadisai a matsayin mafi ɗaukaka da darajar mutuwa, cikin ayoyin kur'ani da riwayoyi, an yi bayanin kufaifayi da alfanun shahada, kamar misalin wanzuwa a raye, samun ceto da gafarta zunubai.

Bisa ra'ayin malaman fiƙihu, shi shahidi ba a masa wankan gawa da sa masa likkafani, haka nan shafar mamaci ba ya sa a yi wankan taɓa gawa. Na'am waɗannan hukunce-hukunce sun shafi shahidin filin daga (Filin yaƙi) ba su shafi sauran shahidai da suka yi shahada cikin tafarkin Allah ba, ko kuma waɗanda ake lissafa su a matsayin shahidai.

Bisa dogara da ba'arin riwayoyi, baki ɗayan Imaman Shi'a sun bar duniya suna shahidai. Na'am Shaik Mufid ɗaya daga malaman Shi'a ya yi shakku game da shahadar ba'ari daga cikinsu.

Cikin adabi da al'adar jamhuriyar muslunci ta Iran, baki ɗayan waɗanda ake kashewa kan hanyar kare juyin juya halin muslunci na 1979 miladiyya da kuma waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu a ƙoƙarinsu na ba da kariya da tabbatar da tsaron Iran su ma ana lissafa su a cikin shahidai, a ƙasar Iran akwai ƙungiyar gidauniyar shahidi da lamurran masu sadaukarwa da aka kafa ta domin bibiyar al'amuran iyalan shahidai da masu sadaukarwa. Har ila yau, ranar 22 ga watan Isfandi kalandar Farsi, rana ce da aka sanya mata suna ranar shahidi.

Nazarin Ma'ana

Shahada na nufi kashe mutum cikin tafarkin Allah, wanda aka kashe cikin hanyar Allah ana kiransa da sunan shahidi.[1] Cikin fiƙihu, sunan shahidi yana keɓanta ne da musulmi wanda aka kashe shi lokacin ɗauki ba daɗi da gumurzu da kafirai a filin yaƙi.[2] Cikin tafsirul amsal ya zo cewa ita shahada tana da wata keɓantacciyar ma'ana da gamammiyar ma'ana, keɓantacciyar ma'anarta ita ce dai wannan ma'ana ta fiƙihu, gamammiyar shi ne kashe mutum a hanyar sauke wazifa a hanyar Allah ko kuma mutuwa a wannan hanya. Da wannan dalili ne riwayoyin muslunci, sun ambaci wasu abubuwa da suke amsa sunan shahada da shahidi, daga jumlarsu ɗalibin da ya mutu kan hanyar neman ilimi, wanda ya mutu a kwance kang ado yana halin sanin Allah, Annabi da Ahlil-Baiti, wanda ya rasa ransa yayin kare dukiyarsa daga masu kawo farmaki.[3]

Dalilin Wannan Suna

A harshen Larabci shahada tana da ma'anoni misalin halarta da gani ido da ido.[4] Bisa la'akari da wannan mas'ala game da sanya sunan shahidi an ambaci wasu adadi fuskoki kamar haka:

  • Mala'iku suna ganin rahamar da Allah ya yi masa.
  • Allah da Mala'iku suna ba da shaida kan cewa tabbas shi ɗan aljanna ne.
  • Shahidi bai mutu yana nan raye wurin ubangijinsa.
  • Shahidi yana ganin wasu abubuwa da wasunsa ba sa iya gani.[5]
  • A ranar alƙiyama shahida zai ga ayyukan sauran mutane.[6]

Matsayi

Akwai riwayoyi masu yawan gaske game da matsayi da falalar shahada. Daga jumlarsu akwai kasancewar shahada mafi ɗaukakar kyawawan ayyuka[7] kuma mafi darajar mutuwa.[8] Wasu malamai suna ganin cewa an ma kwatanta sauran mutuwa cikin lada da sakamako da shahada.[9] Har ila yau, cikin addu'o'i da suka zo daga Ma'asumai goma sha huɗu,[10] an roƙi Allah shahada ƙarƙashin tutar Annabi (S.A.W)[11] ko mutuwa ta hannun mafi sharrin mutane.[12]

Cikin kur'ani Kalmar shahada ta zo cikin bayani «قَتْل فی سبیل‌الله» (Kashe mutum a hanyar Allah) abin da ake nufi da shahidi a kur'ani shi ne wanda ya yi shaida kan ayyukan mutum.[13] Cikin litattafan fiƙihu, an yi bahasi kan shahada da shahidi a sashen babin hukunce-hukuncen ɗahara.[14]

Kufaifayin Shahada

Cikin ayoyi da riwayoyi an yi bayani wasu kufaifayi game da shahada, ba'arinsu sun kasance kamar haka:

  • Kasancewar a raye: Bisa dogara da ayoyin kur'ani, waɗanda aka kashe su a hanyar Allah ba su mutu ba, bari dai suna nan a raye.[15] wurin Ubangijinsu suna samun arziƙi.[16]
  • Samun ceto. Shahidi kusa da Annabawa da malamai shi ma yana cikin waɗanda za su yi ceto ranar alƙiyama.[17]
  • Gafarta zunubai da samun rahamar Allah.[18] A cikin wata riwaya da aka naƙalto daga Imam Baƙir (A.S), sa'ilin da ɗigon farko na jinin shahidi zai gangara, za a yafe masa baki ɗayan zunubansa banda haƙƙin mutane.[19] dangane da haƙƙoƙin mutane da suke wuyan shahidi an ce, idan har bai gaza ba, bai yi ƙasa a gwiwa cikin mayar musu da haƙƙinsu, kuma ya yi niyyar mayar musu da haƙƙoƙinsu, Allah zai biya su haƙƙinsu zai sanya ma'abocin haƙƙi ya yarda.[20]
  • Shiga aljanna.[21] Shahidi yana cikin jerin farkon mutanen da za su fara shiga aljanna.[22]

Ku duba: Shahidi Da Haƙƙin Mutane

Hukunce-hukunce Shahidin Fiklin Yaƙi

Malaman fiiƙihu sun yi bayanin hukunce-hukuncen shahidin filin yaƙi:

  • Wankan gawa.bisa ra'ayin malaman fiƙihun Shi'a, ba a yi wa shahidin filin yaƙi wankan gawa.[23] Amma wanda ya ji rauni a filin yaƙi, sai ya yi shahada a wajen filin yaƙi ko kuma bayan gama yaƙi, wajibi ne a yi masa wankan gawa.[24]
  • Likkafani: Bisa ra'ayin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a, wanda ya yi shahada a filin yaƙi ba a sanya masa likkafani[25] za a binne shi tare da tufafin da ya je yaƙi da su,[26] sai dai idan babu tufafi a jikinsa, a cikin wannan hali wajibi ne a yi masa likkafani.[27]
  • Shafar jikin shahidi; shafar jikin shahidi baya sanya yin wankan shafar jikin gawa.[28]
  • Tahniɗi: Hanuɗ (Goga kafur a wurare bakwai da ake yin sujjada da su) ba wajibi ba ne ga shahidi, saboda shi tahniɗi ana yinsa ne bayan sanya likkafan ishi kuma shahidi ba a sanya masa likkafani.[29]

Hukunce-hukunce da aka ambata sun shafi waɗanda suka je yaƙi ƙarƙashin izinin Ma'asumi ko izinin Na'ibin ma'asumi na musamman.[30] Har ila yau, bisa fatawar aksarin malaman fiƙihu, wannan hukunci yana shafar waɗanda aka kashe a yaƙi a zamanin gaiba tare da izinin Na'ibul ammi mujtahidi (Faƙihi wanda ya cika sharuɗɗa) ko kuma ba tare da izininsa ba, amma a surar kare kai daga hari da farmakin maƙiya muslunci sai aka kashe shi.[31] Kishiyar wannan magana, Shahidus Sani, duk da cewa waɗannan mutane (Da kuma wanda ya rasa ransa a cikin tafarkin Allah da kare dukiyarsa da mutuncin iyalansa) shi ma yana tarayya cikin falalolin shahidi, sai dai kuma tare da haka ba za a zartar da hukunce-hukuncen shahidi na filin yaƙi ba a kansa.[32]

Shahadar Imaman Shi'a

A ra'ayin wasu adadi daga malaman shi'a, baki ɗayan Imaman Shi'a sun bar duniya ne ta hanyar shahada.[33] Dalilinsu shi ne riwayoyi.,daga jumlarsu riwayar Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) “Na rantse da Allah babu wani mutum daga garemu face wanda za a kashe ko kuma shahidi” kan asasin wannan riwaya baki ɗayan Imaman Shi'a sun mutu ne ta hanyar shahada.[34] Kishiyar wannan ra'ayi, Shaik Mufid a cikin littafin Tas'hihul I'itiƙadatil Imamiyya, ya yarda da shahadar Imam Ali (A.S), Imam Hassan (A.S), Imam Husaini (A.S), Imam Musa Kazim (A.S) da Imam Rida (A.S), amma ya yi shakku kan da'awar shahadar sauran Imamai.[35]

Shahidi CIkin Adabin Jamhuriyar Muslunci Ta Iran

Rakiyar jana'izar adadin shahidai da aka tantance a yaƙin Iran da Iraƙ garin Isfahan shekarar 2016[36]

Shahidi a adabi da al'adar Jamhuriyar muslunci ta Iran ya haɗo da duk wanda aka kashe ko ya mutu a hanyar kare nasarorin juyin juya halin muslunci a shekarar 1979 miladiyya da gwamnatin muslunci, cin gashin kan ƙasar Iran da ƙalubalantar barazanar maƙiya[37] Kan asasin dokokin gidauniyar shahidi Iran, daga juyin juya halin muslunci na Iran a shekarar 1979 miladiyya zuwa 2021 akwai adadin shahidai dubu 220.[38] A Iran hukumar gidauniyar shahidi wace aka kafa domin kula da al'amuran iyalan shahidai.[39] Haka nan a kalandar Farsi ta Iran 22 ga watan Isfandi, sanya mata suna ranar shahidi.[40]

Isɗilahohi

Rakiyar adadin jana;izar shahidai masu ba da kariya ga harami daga Dakarun Fatimiyyun a Qum, shekarar 2016[41]

Ba'arin isɗilahohi da ake amfani da su a adabi da al'adun jamhuriyar muslunci ta Iran kan shahidi, sun kasance kamar haka:

  • Shahidin mihrab: ishara ce kan limaman juma'a da suka yi shahada yayin jagorantar limancin sallar juma'a ta hannun maƙiya gwamnatin muslunci ta Iran..[42]
  • Shahidan difa'u muƙaddas: Iraniyawa da aka kashe lokacin yaƙin Iran da Iraƙ.[43] Ana kiransu da shahidan kallafaffen yaƙi.[44] Har ila yau, ana kiran maƙabartunsu da sunan Lambun shahidai.[45]
  • Shahid gomnam(Shahin da sunansa ya ɓata): Su ne Iraniyawa da aka kashe lokacin yaƙin Iraƙi da Iran da ba a iya tantancewa ba shin tabbas Iraniyawa ne ko Iraƙawa.[46] Galibi a Iran ana yin gini kan maziyartar waɗannan mutane [47] a lokacin munasabobin addini ana shirya taro kusa kaburburansu.[48]
  • Shahidi mai ba da kariya ga harami: Rundunoni ne da jamhuriyar muslunci ta samar domin yaƙar ƴan ta'addan Da'ish da kuma ba da kariya ga gwamnatin Siriya, da aka aika su Siriya kuma a cikin wannan ƙasar ne aka kashe su, wannan dakaru sun fito daga ƙasashen Iran, Iraƙ, Labanun da Afganinstan.[49]
  • Shahidan Juyin juya hali: Mutane ne da aka kashe a lokacin fito na fito da hamɓararriyar gwamnatin Pahlawi daga shekarar 1963 zuwa 1979 miladi, ƙididdigar adadinsu daga 2800 zuwa 10,000.[50]
  • Shahidan tsaro: Su ne mutanen da aka kashe a ƙoƙarinsu na tabbatar da tsaro ga al'umma[51] da yaƙar masu fatauci ta haramtacciyar hanya[52]da masu tayar da zaune tsaye misalin Arman Ali Wardi da Ruhullahi Ajamiyan da suka yi shahada kan wannan hanya.[53]
  • Shahidan lafiya: Su ne waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu cikin hanyar tabbatar da lafiya ga al'umma da tseratar da rayukansu. Wannan suna ya samu ne a zamanin yaɗuwar cutar annoba ta Korona a 2019.[54]
  • Shahidin hidima: Su ne waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu a hanyar hidima ga al'umma, misalin Sayyid Ibrahim Ra'isi shugaban jamhuriyar muslunci ta Iran, Husaini Abdullahiyan ministan harkokin waje na Iran, Sayyid Muhammad Ali Ale Hashim wakilin waliyul faƙihi da ƴan rakiyarsu da suka rasa rayukansu cikin hanyar hidima ga al'umma da ci gaban ƙasar Iran, sakamakon hatsarin jirgi mai saukar ungulu.[55]
  • Shahidan ƙudus ko gwagwarmaya: Su ne mutanen da suka rasa rayukansu cikin hanyar neman ƴancin Falasɗinu da kuma yaƙar gwamnatin Sahayoniyya. Ƙasim Sulaimani, Sayyid Hassan Nasrullah, Isma'il Haniyye da Abu Mahadi Al-Muhandis suna daga cikin fitattun shahidan gwagwarmaya.
  • Shahidan makamashin nukilya: kwararrun masana makamashin nukiliya ƴan asalin ƙasar Iran waɗanda sun taka babbar rawa cikin faɗaɗa shirin makamashin nukiliya na zaman lafiya na Iran, waɗanda Isra'ila ta musu kisan gilla. Majid Shahriyari, Musɗafa Ahmadi Roshan, Mas'ud Ali Muhammadi, Muhsin Fakhri Zade, Muhammad Mahadi Tehranci da Faridun Abbasi suna daga jumlar shahidan makamashin nukiliya.[Akwai buƙatar kawo madogara]
  • Shahidan girma da iko: Kwamandojin soja ne da kwararrun masana fanni makamashin nukiliya waɗanda suka yi shahada a lokacin yaƙin Iran da Isra'ila, misalin Muhammad Baƙiri, Husaini Salami, Amir Ali Haji Zade, Ali Shademani da Gulam Ali Rashid.

Har ila yau, a ƙasar Iran mutanen da suka rasa rayukansu sakamakon faruwar wasu bala'o'i, su ma ana kiransu da shahidai: misalin mutanen da aka kashe a mummunan hatsari na Mina a shekarar 2015 miladiyya, jami'an kashe gobara da suka rsa rayukansu a gobarar dogon benan Filasko a Tehran a shekarar 2016 miladiyya,[56] da mutanen da suka rasa rayukansu a hatsarin jirgin Ukraniya samfurin Boyingi 737 a shekarar 2019.[57]

Nazarin Litattafai

An rubuta litattafai masu yawa game da shahada da shahidi cikin harsunan Farsi da Larabci, daga jumlarsu akwai misalin:

  • Littafin Shuhadaye Asre Payambar (S.A.W), na Abul Fazli Banayi Kashi: Wannan littafi wani rahoto ne cikin harshen Farsi game da shahidai a zamanin Annabi, shahidai kafin hijira zuwa madina, shahidan yaƙin badar, shahidan yaƙin suwaiƙi, shahidan yaƙin uhudu, shahidan yaƙin bi'iri ma'una, shahidan yaƙin khaibar, shahidan yaƙin ɗayif, shahidan yaƙin hunaini da shahidan da ba a tantance tarihin shahadarsu ba, yana daga cikin fasalan wannan littafi. Wannan littafi yana da shafuka 248, kamfanin Nashru Shahid suka ɗauki nauyin buga shi a shekarar 2022 miladiyya.
  • Shuhada'ul Fadila: Wani littafi ne na Allama Amini da ya rubuta shi cikin sharhi da bayani game da shahidai 130 daga malamai tare da bayani filla-filla kan yadda suka yi shahada. Waɗannan mutane sun ƙunshi mutanen da suka rayu daga ƙarni huɗu zuwa ƙarni na goma sha huɗu hijira ƙamari, Shuhada'ul Fadila (Shahidan hanyar daraja), an tarjama zuwa harshe Farsi da take “Shahidane Rahe Fazilat”.
  • Littafin Shuhada'u Sadre Islam Wa Shuda'e Waƙi'atu Karbala, wanda Sayyid Akbar ƙarashi ya rubuta: Wannan littafi an buga shi a shekarar 2006 ta hannun kamfanin Intisharat Nowid Islam cikin shafuka 212.[58]

Ku Duba

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Abdul-Moneim, Mu'ujamul Mustalahat Wal Al-Alfaz Fiqhiyya, Dar Al-Fadhila, Juz. 2, shafi. 346.
  2. ↑ Abdul-Moneim, Mu'ujamul Mustalahat Wal Al-Alfaz Fiqhiyya, Dar Al-Fadhila, Juz. 2, shafi. 346.
  3. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namune, 1379 AH, Juz. 21, shafi na 407-408.
  4. ↑ Qurashi, Qamus Kur’ani, 1412 AH, juzu’i. 4, shafi. 74.
  5. ↑ Tarihi, Majma'ul Bahrain, 1416 BC, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 81.
  6. ↑ Qurashi, Qamus Kur’an, 1412 AH, juzu’i. 4, shafi. 77.
  7. ↑ Ibn Hayyun Maghribi, Da'a'imul Islam, 1385 BC, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 343.
  8. ↑ Saduq, Min La yahduruhul Al-Faqih, 1403 BC, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 402, da h. 5868.
  9. ↑ Sheikh Ansari, Kitab al-Tahara, 1415 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 404.
  10. ↑ Allama Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1404 BC, juzu'i. 95, shafi. 368; vol. 91, shafi. 239; Juz na 94, shafi. 332.
  11. ↑ Allama Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, 1404 BC, juzu'i. 94, shafi. 376.
  12. ↑ Allama Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1404 BC, juzu'i. 94, shafi. 261.
  13. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, bugun Al-A’lami Publications Foundation, Juz. 4, shafi. 407; Qureshi, Qamus Kur’ani, 1412 AH, Vol. 4, shafi. 76.
  14. ↑ Ku duba: Alāmah Hilli, Tahrir al-Ahkam, 1420 AH, Juz. 1, 3317.
  15. ↑ Suratul Baqarah, aya ta:154.
  16. ↑ Suratul Alu Imrana, aya ta:169.
  17. ↑ Himyari, Qurbul Asnad, Maktabatu Ninawa, juzu'i. 1, shafi 31.
  18. ↑ Suratul Alu Imrana, aya ta:157.
  19. ↑ Sheikh Saduq, Min La Yahduruhu Al-Faqih, 1413 Q, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 183.
  20. ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Tahzib Al-Ahkam, 1365 AH, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 188, h. 395 da shafi. 191, h. 411; Kulayni, Al-kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 99.
  21. ↑ Suratul Tauba, aya ta:111.
  22. ↑ Allama Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, 1404 BC, juzu'i. 71,shafi 144.
  23. ↑ Sheikh Ansari, Kitab al-Tahara, 1415 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 399.
  24. ↑ Alama Hilli, Nihayat al-Ahkam, 1419 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 235.
  25. ↑ Sheikh Ansari, Kitab al-Tahara, 1415 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 399.
  26. ↑ Sheikh Ansari, Kitab al-Tahara, 1415 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 406.
  27. ↑ Sheikh Ansari, Kitab al-Tahara, 1415 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 406.-407
  28. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 AH, Juz. 5, shafi. 307.
  29. ↑ Khoi, Al-Tanqih, Mu’assasa Ihya'i Asare Imam Al-Khoei, juzu’i. 9, Shafi. 182.
  30. ↑ Shahid Thani, Masalik Al-Afham, 1413 BC, juzu'i. 1, shafi 82.
  31. ↑ Kashif Al-Ghita, Al-Nour Al-Sa'ti', 1381 BC, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 545.
  32. ↑ Shahid Thani, Masalik Al-Afham, 1413 BC, juzu'i. 1,shafi 82.
  33. ↑ Misali duba Saduq, Al-Khisal, 1362H, juzu'i na 2, shafi. 528; Tabarsi, I’lam al-Wara, 1417 AH, juzu’i. 2, shafi na 132-131; Ibn Shahr-e-Ashūb, Manaqib Al-Ali Abi Talib, 1379 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 209.
  34. ↑ Ibn Shahr-e-Ashūb, Manaqib Al-Ali Abi Talib, 1379 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 209; Tabarsi, I’ilam al-Wara, 1417 AH, juzu’i. 2, shafi na 132-131.
  35. ↑ Mufid, Tashahhi I'itiqadat al-Imamiyah, 1414 AH, shafi na 132 da 131.
  36. ↑ «پیکر مطهر ۱۰ شهید دفاع مقدس در اصفهان تشییع شد+ تصاویر»Khabare Fauri.
  37. ↑ «آیین‌نامه تعیین و احراز مصادیق شهید و ایثارگر ابلاغ شد»، Shafin labarai na ISNA.
  38. ↑ «تعداد شهدای ایران چقدر است؟»،Shafin labarai na ISNA
  39. ↑ «قانون اساسنامه بنیاد شهید انقلاب اسلامی»،Yanar Gizo na Cibiyar Bincike na Majalisar Shura ta Musulunci.
  40. ↑ «تعداد شهدای ایران چقدر است؟»، Yanar Gizo na Cibiyar Bincike na Majalisar Shura ta Musulunci.
  41. ↑ «تشییع پیکر هفت تن از مدافعان حرم لشکر فاطمیون در قم ، Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na ILNA.
  42. ↑ نگاه کنید به «شهدای محراب چند نفر هستند و نامشان چيست؟»،Cibiyar Nazari da ba da amsa ga shubuhohi.
  43. ↑ Mahmoudi, BarsiSibgate Irfani Munajathaye Shuhada Difa'i Muqaddas, shafi na 355 da 357.
  44. ↑ Rabiei, Tahlili Guftemani Wasiyyatnameh Shuhada Jange Tahmili, shafi. 146
  45. ↑ Agha Babaei, "Gulzare Shuhada beh masabeh Makane Khatire," shafi 54
  46. ↑ «مفهوم گمنامی»، Fayigahe Kwamite Justajun Mafqudin Sitade Kulli Niruyehaye Musallah.
  47. ↑ «تحلیلی برتدفین پیکرهای طیبه شهدای گمنام درنقاط خاص کشور»، Fayigahe Kwamite Justajun Mafqudin Sitade Kulli Niruyehaye Musallah
  48. ↑ «فلسفه یادبود شهدا در دانشگاه‌ها»، Fayigahe Kwamite Justajun Mafqudin Sitade Kulli Niruyehaye Musallah.
  49. ↑ «روایت مشاور فرمانده سپاه کربلای مازندران از خان طومان»،Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Daliban Iran (IRNA).
  50. ↑ «تعداد شهدای ایران چقدر است؟»
  51. ↑ Ku duba«بزرگداشت اولین سالگرد شهید امنیت «حامد ضابط» برگزار می‌شود»،
  52. ↑ Alal misali ku duba«پیکر شهید امنیت در دهدشت تشییع شد»، Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Fars
  53. ↑ «برگزاری مراسم بزرگداشت شهدای مدافع امنیت شهید آرمان علی‌وردی و روح‌الله عجمیان»، Tehran press.
  54. ↑ «شهدای سلامت از امتیازات افراد «در حکم شهید» برخوردار می‌شوند»، Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Jamhuriyar Musulunci.
  55. ↑ «بیانات آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای در مراسم سی و پنجمین سالگرد ارتحال حضرت امام خمینی (رحمه‌الله)»،Yanar Gizo na ofishin kiyayewa da buga ayyukan mai girma Ayatullah Khamenei.
  56. ↑ روایتی از ۱۶ شهید آتش نشان حادثه پلاسکو،Mataimakin Shugaban Al'adu da Dalibai, Jami'ar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Tehran.
  57. ↑ سانحه هواپیمای اوکراینی شهید محسوب می‌شوند،Kamfanin dillancin labaran Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.
  58. ↑ «نگاهی به كتاب «شهدای صدر اسلام و شهدای كربلا»»، Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna.

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