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Daƙiƙa:Bidi'a

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Daga wikishia

Bidi'a ma'ana shigar da wani abu cikin addini bayan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) alhali kuwa an hana wannan abun, ko kuma babu hadisi da ya zo game da shi, kuma bai shiga ƙarƙashin gama-garin ƙa'ida daga hukunce-hukunce addini ba.

Bidi'a tana matsayin kishiya ga Sunna. Sunna ita ce koyarwar da aka bayyana a cikin Alƙur'ani da hadisan Manzon Allah (S.A.W) da kuma na Ma'asumai (A.S).

A cikin hadisai an bayyana bidi'a a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan misalan kafirci da shirka. haka kuma dukkanin malaman fiƙihun Shi'a da na Ahlus-Sunna suna la'akari da bidi'a a matsayin haramun.

Malaman mazhabobin Musulunci sun yi saɓani kan misalan bidi'a, kowace mazhaba guda tana zargin ɗayar da bidi'a. an ce cikin malaman Musulmi Ibn Taimiyya ya fi kowa zaƙewa cikin zargin sauran mazhabobi da bidi'a.

Shi'a suna ɗaukar ɗora hannu kan ɗaya hannun cikin sallah, yin sallar tarawihi cikin jam'i da kuma faɗin Amin a cikin sallah bayan karatun Suratul Fatiha, suna daga misalai na bidi'a.

Wasu malaman Ahlus-Sunna suna da ra'ayin cewa ita bidi'a tana kasuwa zuwa gida biyu: Bidi'a mai kayu da marar kyau. A ganinsu, yin sallar tarawihi cikin jam'i, wanda ta shahara bisa umarnin Umar Bin Khaɗɗab, bidi'a ce mai kyau. Sai dai kuma wasu malaman Ahlus-Sunna suna ɗaukar cewa babu wata bidi'a mai kyau, duk wata bidi'a haramun ce.

Nazarin Ma'ana

An gabatar da ma'anoni daban-daban game da mece ce bidi'a[1] A cikin littafin Al-Bidi'a, an naƙalto aƙalla ma'anoni guda 22 da malaman Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna suka kawo game da mece ce bidi'a.[2] Ibn Hajar Asƙalani ya bayyana bidi'a a matsayin wani abu da yake kishiyar Sunna.[3] Haka kuma, Sayyid Murtada ya bayyana bidi'a da cewa ita ce ƙara wani abu ko rage wa daga cikin addini.[4]

Bidi'a a cikin isɗilahin malaman fiƙihu, tana nufin wani mutum ya shigar da wani abu cikin addini wanda ba ya daga gare shi.[5] kamar misalin mutum ya ɗauki wata ibada wacce ba ta zo a addini ba, ya kuma sanya ta cikin ayyukan ibada da addini ya bayar da shawarar aikatawa.[6] Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, hatta ma idan abu bai zamanto daga ayyukan addini ba, sai a ɗauke shi matsayin aiki na mustahabbi, hakan ma bidi'a ne.[7]

Muhammad Baƙir Majlisi cikin bayani mafi faɗaɗuwa, ya bayyana bidi'a a matsayin shigo da baƙon abu cikin addini bayan Annabin Musulunci (S.A.W) alhali kuma an yi hani kan wannan abun, ko kuma dai babu ruwaya da ta zo kan wannan abun, kuma baya cikin gama-garin hukunce-hukuncen addini.[8]

Bidi'a za ta iya zamantowa a cikin kewayen aƙidu ko kewayen hukunce-hukuncen shari'a.[9] Bidi'a kihsiya ce ga Sunna; Sunna ita ce koyarwar da ta zo cikin Alƙur'ani da ruwayoyin Annabi (S.A.W) da sauran Ma'asumai.[10]

Cikin litattafan fiƙihu an ambaci bidi'a da sunan "Tashri'u"[11] Kuma an bayar da ma'ana iri guda ga waɗannan biyun.[12]

Bidi'a, Babban Zunubi

A cikin ruwayoyin Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna. akwai hadisai masu yawan gaske da suke zargi da suka kan bidi'a.[13] A cikin littafin Al-Bidi'a an naƙalto ruwayoyi guda 30 game da wannan batu;[14] domin misali, bisa hadisin da aka kawo a Musnad Ahmad Bin Hanbal da Sunanu Ibn Maja Ƙazwini, Annabi (S.A.W) ya bayyana kowace irin bidi'a a matsayin ɓata.[15] Ibn Maja bisa naƙaltowa daga Annabi (S.A.W) yana cewa: ba a karɓar azumi, sallah, sadaka, aikin hajji, umara da jihadi na ƴanbidi'a[16] Haka kuma, Kulaini a cikin littafin Al-Kafi, ya naƙalto daga Imam Baƙir (A.S) da Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cewa kowace irin bidi'a ɓata ce, kuma kuma ƙarshen kowane ɓata shi ne shiga Jahannama.[17]

Ayatullahi Subhani yana ɗaukar bidi'a a matsayin ɗaya daga manya-mannyan zunubai.[18] Shaik Saduƙ shima a cikin Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu, ya kawo hadisai da suke magana kan bidi'a a cikin sashen manya-mannyan zunubai.[19] bisa rahotan da ya kawo, Imam Baƙir (A.S) ya lissafa bidi'a daga misalan kafirci da shirka.[20]

Sukar Bidi'a A Cikin Alƙur'ani

A ra'ayin malaman tasfiri da fiƙihu na Musulmi, bisa abin da ya zo a wasu ayoyin Alƙur'ani bidi'a haramun ce.[21] daga cikin waɗannan ayoyi da aka dogara da su akwai misalin aya ta 27 Suratul Hadid da aya ta 116 Suratun Nahli,[22] aya ta 159 Suratul An'am[Tsokaci 1] da kuma aya ta 31 Suratu Tauba.[23]

Kan asasin aya ta 27 Suratul Hadid, Allah bai shar'anta Rahbananci ga Kiristoci ba; a maimakon haka, wannan al'ada bidi'a ce suka ƙirƙira domin kansu.[24] haka kuma a cikin aya ta 116 Suratun Nahli,[Tsokaci 2] kuma a cewar Sayyid Muhammad Husaini Ɗabaɗaba'i, siyaƙin da ka koro ayar yana nuna cewa an hana muminai aikata bidi'a a addini..[25]

Hukuncin Bidi'a A Fiƙihu

Malaman fiƙihu suna ɗaukar duk wani abu da ya kasance misali na bidi'a a matsayin haramun;[26] misali Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli a cikin batun yadda shaidu (Bayyina) za su yi rantsuwa a kotu ya ce bai halatta a yi rantsuwa da wani abu in ba sunan Allah ba, kamar rantsuwa da litattafai masu tsarki, Annabi Akram (S.A.W) ko Imamai (A.S). saboda yin hakan bidi'a ne.[27] Haka kuma a cikin littafin Jawahirul Kalam tare da naƙaltowa daga malaman fiƙihu na Imamiyya ya zo cewa a cikin alwala wanke hannu da fuska har sau uku bidi'a ne, sau biyu kaɗai ya isa.[28]

A cewar Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi, Musulmi sun yi ijma'i kan haramcin bidi'a.[29] kuma yana ɗaukar kasancewar bidi'a haramun daga cikin laruran addinin Musulunci (Hukunce-hukunce da aka sallama musu).[30]

Yawaitar Zargin Bidi'a A Tsakanin Musulmi

A kodayaushe Musulmi sun kasance suna saɓani game da wanne abu ne bidi'a.[31] A cewar Ibn Rushdi, kowace ɗaya daga mazhobin Musulunci tana zargin wata mazhaba da bidi'a;[32] Misali mabiya mazhabar Hanbaliya da Wahabiyawa suna ɗaukar baki ɗayan ƴanfalsafa irinsu Farabi, Ibn Sina, da malaman kalam na Shi'a, Mu'utazilawa, Ash'ariyya da Khawarijawa matsayin ƴanbidi'a.[33]

Ash'ariyya banda kansu suna ganin dukkanin ƙungiyoyin Musulnci misalin Mu'utazilawa, Shi'a da Baɗiniya matsayin ƴanbidi'a.[34] Shi'a suna ɗaukar Ahlus-Sunna, Gullatu, Mu'utazilawa, Khawarijawa da ɗariƙun Sufaye matsayin mabiya bidi'a.[35]

An ce daga malaman Musulmi, Ibn Taimiyya da kasancewa ya fi kowa zaƙewa cikin zargin sauran mazhabobi da bidi'a[36] shi yana ɗaukar duk wani aiki ko wata aƙida a yadda ya fahima matuƙar dai ba daga Alƙur'ani da Sunnar Annabi (S.A.W) da sahabbai da tabi'ai ba aka karɓo ta, to bidi'a ce.[37]

Shi'a Imamiyya, suna lissafa ɗora hannu kan ɗayan hannun a cikin sallah,[38] da yin sallar tarawihi cikin jam'i[39] faɗin amin a cikin sallah[40] da kuma halatta saki uku a zama a karo ɗaya[41] a matsayin misalai na bidi'a.[42]

Raba Bidiu'o'i Zuwa Masu Kyau Da Marasa Kyau

Wasu daga malaman Ahlus-Sunna misalin Shafi'i Ibn Hazmi, Gazali da Ibn Asir, suna da ra'ayin cewa ba dukan bidi'a ce mummuna ba[43] kuma akwai bidi'a mai kyau,[44] Cikin hakan suna masu dogara da maganar Umar Bin Khaɗɗab, game da wasiyyarsa kan sallar tarawihi a cikin jam'i, ta yadda ya kira ta da bidi'a mai kyau.[45]

Bisa abin da Gazali ya ambata na cewa bidi'ar da take saɓawa Sunna, kuma take gusar da wani hukunci na shari'a ita ce kaɗai bidi'a da aka haramta[46] Wasu daga malaman Ahlus-Sunna suma sun karkasa bidi'a kan asasin rabe-raben hukunce-hukunce guda biyar daga wajibi, haramun, mustahabbi, makaruhi da mubahi.[47]

Mafi yawan malaman Shi'a da wasu daga malaman Ahlus-Sunna basu yarda da wannan rarrabawar ba, misali, Shahidul Awwal ya rubuta a cikin littafin Al-Ƙawa'id Wal Fawa'id cewa: Sabbin al'amura da suka bayyana bayan Annabin Musulunci (S.A.W), suna rarrabuwa zuwa gida biyar, wajibi kamar tattara Alƙur'ani, haramun kamar misalin haramta aure mutu'a, mustahabbi kamar gina makarantu, makaruhi kamar yawan cin abinci fiye da ƙima, mubahi kamar samar da kayayyakin more rayuwa da jin daɗi da walwala. Amma daga cikin waɗannan rukunan guda biyar, rukuni na ɗaya ne kawai yake zama bidi'a wayo wanda yake haramun.[48]Ko da yake, a cewar Jafar Subhani, ya yi magana game da bidi'a makaruhiya a wani littafinsa daban mai suna Zikra[49] Muhammad Baƙir Majlisi, tare da dogara da wata ruwaya da a cikin ya zo cewa: "Dukkanb bidi'a haramun ce" ya yi raddi da watsi da rarraba bidi'a zuwa rukuni biyar[50]

Shaɗibi daga malaman Ahlus-Sunna shima yaƙi amincewa da rarraba bidi'a. Suka da ya yi na farko kan wannan rarrabawa shi ne cewa babu dalili na shari'a da ya zo kan yin hakan, kuma yin hakan a kankin kansa bidi'a ne, suka na biyu da ya yi, shi ne cewa ma'anar bidi'a ta wajibi ko ta mustahabbi, ko ta mubahi, ma'ana ce mai warware kankin kanta, dalili kuwa shi ne, idan akwai hujja ta shari'a da ta tabbatar da wajabcin wani ko mustahabbancinsa ko halaccinsa, to wannan abun ba zai zama bidi'a ba; domin bidi'a ita ce abun da babu wata hujja da dalili na shari'a da ya tabbatar da shi.[51]

Mubahata

Babban labari: Hadis Mubahata

A cikin wani hadisi daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) tare da naƙaltowa daga Annabi (S.A.W) game da yadda ake mu'amala da ƴanbidi'a, an yi amfani lafazin «بَاهِتُوهُمْ»[52] wanda malaman Shi'a suka samu saɓani game da ma'anarsa, wasu kamar Sayyid Abul Ƙasim Khuyi da Sayyid Muhammad Rida Gulfaigani, sun tafi kan cewa ma'anar wannan lafazi shi ne ku yiwa ƴanbidi'a tuhuma da ƙazafi da jingina musu abin da ba su yi ba;[53] Wasu malaman kuma, kamar Faizul Kashani da Sayyid Abdul-Karim Musawi Ardabili, suna cewa abin da wannan lafazi na «بَاهِتُوهُمْ» shi ne ku kunyatar da su ta hanyar ƙure su da hujjoji da rufe musu baki.[54] Mai littafin Riyad kuwa sakamakon hujjar cewa ƙarya haramun ce, bai halatta a yi ƙarya a jinginawa ƴanbidi'a ba.[55]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 25.
  2. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 25-30.
  3. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 25.
  4. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 28.
  5. ↑ Misali ku duba: Ɗabaɗaba'i, Riyadul Masa'il, juzu'i na 8, shafi 175, Khuyi, Siraɗun Najat, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 428.
  6. ↑ Khuyi, Siraɗun Najat, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 428.
  7. ↑ Misali ku duba Khuyi, Mausu'atul Al-Imam Khuyi, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 355.
  8. ↑ Ku duba Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 71, shafi na 202-203.
  9. ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fƙh Islami, Farhange Fiƙh, shafi na 75.
  10. ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fƙh Islami, Farhange Fiƙh, shafi na 75.
  11. ↑ Misali ku duba: Naraƙi, Awa'idul Ayyam, shafi na 319.
  12. ↑ Misali ku duba Khuyi, Mausu'atul Al-Imam Khuyi, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 355; Naraƙi, Awa'idul Ayyam, shafi na 319.
  13. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 15.
  14. ↑ Misali ku duba: Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 15-21.
  15. ↑ Misali ku duba: Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 15-16.
  16. ↑ Misali ku duba: Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 17.
  17. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 56.
  18. ↑ Misali ku duba: Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 5.
  19. ↑ Misali ku duba Saɗuk, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 572.
  20. ↑ Saduƙ, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 572.
  21. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 13-15.
  22. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 365.
  23. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 13-14.
  24. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 173.
  25. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 365.
  26. ↑ Naraƙi, Awa'idul Ayyam, shafi na 319.
  27. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, An-Nihayatu Wa Nukatuha, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 78.
  28. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 276.
  29. ↑ Naraƙi, Awa'idul Ayyam, shafi na 319.
  30. ↑ Ku duba Naraƙi, Awa'idul Ayyam, shafi na 319.
  31. ↑ Guzashte, «Bid'at; Ta'arifha Wa Taƙsimat,» shafi na 560.
  32. ↑ Guzashte, «Bid'at; Ta'arifha Wa Taƙsimat,» shafi na 560.
  33. ↑ Guzashte, «Bid'at; Ta'arifha Wa Taƙsimat,» shafi na 560.
  34. ↑ Guzashte, «Bid'at; Ta'arifha Wa Taƙsimat,» shafi na 561.
  35. ↑ Guzashte, «Bid'at; Ta'arifha Wa Taƙsimat,» shafi na 561.
  36. ↑ Ɗarimi, «Bid'at,» shafi na 517.
  37. ↑ Ɗarimi, «Bid'at,» shafi na 517.
  38. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 160 da 161.
  39. ↑ Subhani,Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 179.
  40. ↑ Pakatchi, «Bid'at; Barrasi Tarikhi,» Shafi na 566.
  41. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 199-200.
  42. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a,shafi na 119.
  43. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 26-27
  44. ↑ Ɗabasi, Ad-dirasatul Fiƙhiyya Fil Masa'il Khilafiyya, shafi na 168; Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 26-27.
  45. ↑ Ɗabasi, Ad-dirasatul Fiƙhiyya Fil Masa'il Khilafiyya, shafi na 168.
  46. ↑ Gazali, Ihya'u Ulum, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 4-5.
  47. ↑ Shaɗibi, Al-I'itisam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 241-245.
  48. ↑ Ku duba Shahidul Awwal, Al-Ƙawa'id Wal Fawa'id, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 144-146.
  49. ↑ Subhani, Al-Bidi'a, shafi na 28.
  50. ↑ Ku duba Majlisi, Mir'atul Uƙul, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 193.
  51. ↑ Shaɗibi, Al-I'itisam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 246.
  52. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 375.
  53. ↑ Ku duba Khuyi, Misbahul Faƙaha, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 281; Gulfaigani, Ad-Durrul Manzud, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 149.
  54. ↑ Ku duba Faizul Kashani, Al-Wafi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 245. «فتوای ۵ مرجع تقلید درباره دروغ گفتن و بهتان زدن»، Gidan yanar gizon Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Daneshjuyane Iran (ISNA).
  55. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Riyadul Masa'il, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 42.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا لَسْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ. سوره انعام ۱۵۹ Lallai Waɗanda suka rarraba addininsu kuma suka kasance ƙungiyoyi, kai baka da wata alaƙa da su a cikin komai. Suratul An'am, aya ta 159
  2. ↑ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَا تَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُكُمُ الْكَذِبَ هَٰذَا حَلَالٌ وَهَٰذَا حَرَامٌ لِتَفْتَرُوا عَلَى الله الْكَذِبَ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ. Tarjama:Kada ku riƙa faɗa da bakunanku ƙarya, kuna cewa: Wannan halal ne, wannan kuma haramun ne, domin ku ƙirƙiri ƙarya ku jingina ta ga Allah. Lallai waɗanda suke ƙirƙirar ƙarya su jingina ta ga Allah ba za su rabauta ba.

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