Kamanceceniya Da Kafirai

Daga wikishia
wannan wani rubutu ne na siffantawa game da wata mas'ala ta fiƙihu, ba zai iya zama ma'auni ba ga ayyukan addini, a koma wasu madogaran daban domin ayyukan addini.

Kamanceceniya da kafirai, (Larabci: التشبه بالكفار) magana ne game da musulmi wanda yake kwaikwayon kafirai a salon tsarin rayuwarsa, malaman fiƙihu sun haramta ba'ari daga kamanceceniya da kafirai. Ba a lissafa taƙlidi da kafirai cikin mas'alolin ilimi da sana'a daga kamanceceniya da kafirai. Wasu suna ganin hana kamanceceniya da kafirai matsayin aiki ne da ƙa'ida ta fiƙihu wace ta hanyar ɗabbaƙa wannan ƙa'ida hukunce-hukuncen abubuwa daban-daban yana fitowa.

Game da hukuncin kamanceceniya da kafirai an samu mabambantan ra'ayoyi tsakanin malaman fiƙihu, kan hukuncinsa, haramci sake babu ƙaidi, karhanci sake babu ƙaidi da ƙayyadadden haramci suna daga cikin jumlar hukuncin kamanceceniya da kafirai. Galibin malaman shi'a sun tafi kan fatawar ƙayyadadden haramci game da kamanceceniya da kafirai; bisa dogara da dalilan kur'ani, riwayoyi da hankali ba su gamsu da iɗlaƙi da gamewar dalilan haramta kamanceceniya da kafirai ba.

Sun jingina da dalilai huɗu dangane da tabbatar da hukuncin kamanceceniya da kafirai, daga cikin ayoyin kur'ani ana jingina da rukuni uku: ayar da ta hana kamanceceniya da kafirai sake ba ƙaidi, ita ayar da ta gargaɗi musulmi kasancewa ƙarƙashin wilayar kafirai da soyayyar tare da su, da kuma ayar da ta hana kamanceceniya da su cikin keɓantaccen maudu'i. ƙari kan wannan wani gutsire daga riwayoyi cikin yanayin gamewa sun magana game da kamanceceniya da kafirai a keɓantaccen maudu'i. a mahangar hankali shi kamanceceniya da kafirai yana haifar da su samu iko kan musulmi a fagagen siyasa, soji, tattalin arziƙi da al'adu, kuma an hana hakan a shari'ance.

Ma'anar Kamanceceniya Da Kafirai Da Muhimmancin Bahasin

Kamanceceniya da kafirai ma'ana musulmi mai kwaikwayon salon tsarin rayuwar kafirai cikin mabambantan fagagen rayuwa daga rayuwarsa ta shi kaɗai da kuma zamantakewa.[1] a mahangar shari'a asali shi kamanceceniya da kafirai ba abu ne mai kyau ba, cikin wannan mas'ala babu bambanci tsakanin malaman fiƙihu na shi'a da ahlus-sunna;[2] amma cikin babin hukuncin taklifi da wani ba'arin da sasannin hukunci akwai saɓanin tsakanin musulmai.[3]

An ce kamanceceniya da kafirai ba mas'ala ce ta fiƙihu ba, bari dia ƙa'ida ce ta fiƙihu wace ta hanyar ɗabbaƙa ta ne hukunce-hukuncen mabambantan maudu'ai suka bayyana suka fito fili.[4]

Malaman fiƙihu na imamiyya galibi suna bijiro da batun kamanceceniya da kafirai cikin babukan ibada, cikin bahasosi misalin bahasin tufafin mai sallah, abubuwa da suke ɓata sallah da kuma cikin bahasin ɗawafi, a cikin sauran al'amuran rayuwa ta ɗaiɗaiku da zamantakewa ba kasafai ake waiwayar batun kamanceceniya da kafirai ba.[5]

Hukuncin Shari'a Game da Kamanceceniya Da Kafirai

Hukuncin fiƙihu game da kamanceceniya da kafirai, akwai mabambantan ra'ayoyi tsakanin shi'a da ahlus-sunna kan hukuncin kamanceceniya da kafirai, daga fatawar haramci sake babu ƙaidi ya zuwa karhanci sake babu ƙaidi;[6]

Haramci sake babu ƙaidi: wannan hukunci shi ne ra'ayi na mashhur malaman ahlus-sunna da ba'arin malaman fiƙihu na imamiyya.[7] a wannan mahanga duk wani irin kamanceceniya da musulmi zai yi da waɗanda ba musulmi ba (Kafirai, mushrikai, ahlul-kitab kai hatta baƙi) cikin salon tsarin rayuwa ta ɗaiɗaiku ko zamantakewa duka haramun ne;[8] an ce a mahangar masu wannan ra'ayi, babu bambanci tsakanin halasci ko haramcin asalin aiki, niyyar mukallafi da cewa wannan mu'amala daga ɗaiɗaikun musulmi ne ko kuma daga daular musulmi duka ya haramta;[9]

Karhanci sake babu ƙaidi: daga malaman ahlus-sunna Shafi'i[10] yana kan wannan ra'ayi daga malaman shi'a kuma Shaik Mufid,[11] Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli,[12] Allama Hilli[13] da Shaik Baha'i[14] suna cikin waɗanda suka tafi kan wannan ra'ayi.[15] an ce niyyar yin kamanceceniya ko rashinsa ba shi da wani tasiri cikin wannan hukunci.[16]

Ƙayyadadden haramci: galibin masu wannan ra'ayi sun kasance malaman fiƙihun imamiyya.[17] waɗannan jama'a cikin karɓar dalilan kur'ani, riwaya da hankali basu tafi kan kasancewar gamewar da sake ba ƙaidin waɗannan dalilai ba kan haramcin kamanceceniya da kafirai.[18] sharuɗɗan da ake tabbatarwa kafin haramta kamanceceniya da kafirai su ne kamar haka:[19]

  • Kamanceceniya da kafirai wanda ake yinsa da niyyar yin hakan da kuma manufar yaɗa salon tsarin rayuwar kafirai da tabbatar da girmamarsu da kuma raunana muslunci.[20]
  • Kamanceceniya a cikin salon keɓantacciyar rayuwa da halayen kafirai, kamar misalin amfani da saƙandami, bawai cikin al'amura da aka yi tarayya tsakanin mushrikai da kafirai.[21]

Filayen Kamanceceniya Da Kafirai

Maudu'in kamanceceniya da kafirai a fiƙihu maudu'i ne da aka yi bahasi da bincike a kansa cikin fage guda biyu:[22] Ibada: misali ace wani yana kwaikwayon kafirai cikin tsarin bautawa Allah cikin ladubban ibada da kuma tufafin da suke sanyawa;[23] kamar dai yadda ya zo cikin wasu riwayoyi daga Imam Ali (A.S)[24] da Imam Baƙir (A.S)[25] an yi hani game da yin wasu ayyuka, misalin ayyukan majusawa a yayin da mutum yake sallah.

Salon rayuwa: wasu sun suranta kamanceceniya da salon rayuwar kafirai cikin rukunai guda uku na asali: kamanceceniya cikin tufafi, cikin ado da kuma cikin ladubba.[26] kamanceceniya da kafirai cikin tufafi wanda misalin kansa ya zo cikin wata riwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cewa Allah ya buƙaci muminai da suka ƙauracewa kwaikwayon kafirai cikin tufafi da za su sanya.[27] kan wannan asasi ne aka hana musulmai sanya ba'arin tufafi na kwalliya da suka keɓantu da turawan yamma kamar misalin ɗaurin wuya (Neck Tie).[28]

Kamanceceniya da kafirai cikin kwalliya wanda misalin kansa ya zo cikin wata riwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W) an hana musulmai kwaikwayon majusasawa da kamanceceniya da su cikin salon kwallaiya.[29] kamanceceniya da kafirai cikin ladubba da al'adu, wanda misalinsa ya zo a wata riwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) sakamakon kamanceceniya da mushrikan lokacin jahiliyya an hana musulmai cin abinci wurin mutanen da wani makusancinsu ya mutu.[30] kan wannan asasin an yi hani kan yin wasu ba'arin ladubba da suka keɓantu da turawan yamma misalin bikin sabuwar shekara.[31] bikin ranar masoya (Valantines day),[32]

An ce bisa la'akari da taƙaituwar maudu'an kamanceceniya da kafirai da aka ambata a cikin madogaran addini ba za a iya haramta kamanceceniya da kwaikwayonsu ba a cikin fannonin ilimi da sana'a.[33]

Ma'aunin Tantance Kamanceceniya

Sanin misdaƙin mene ne kamanceceniya ya hannun urufin mutane, da wannan ne zai iya yiwuwa wani lamari ya keɓantu da waɗanda ba musulmi ba; amma kuma yinsa a wurin mutane ba ya da hukuncin kamanceceniya da kafirai.[34] alal misali an yi da'awa cewa duk da kasancewar bikin idin noruz take ne na zartushtiyan, babu wani malamin fiƙihu a shi'a a tsawon tarihi ya siffanta wannan bikin idi da kamanceceniya da kafirai;[35] amma aske gemu, amfani da ɗaurin wuya da makirufo a wasu daurori an lissafa su matsayin kamanceceniya da kafirai.[36] ƙari kan wannan malaman fiƙihu sun tafi kan cewa ba'arin wurare na kamanceceniya da kafirai sakamakon shuɗewar zamani an fitar da su daga da'irar misdaƙan kamanceceniya da kafirai, sun koma misdaƙan abubuwa da musulmi da waɗanda ba musulmi suka yi tarayya a cikinsu..[37]

Madogaran Hukuncin Kamanceceniya Da Kafirai

An jingina da dalilai guda huɗu cikin fitar da hukuncin kamanceceniya da kafirai:[38]

Kur'ani Da Riwayoyi An jingina da runkuni uku daga ayoyi da riwayoyi game da hukuncin kamanceceniya da kafirai:[39]

  • Ayoyi da sake ba ƙaidi suka hana kamanceceniya da kafirai; daga jumlarsu aya ta 105 suratul alu imran, aya ta 47 suratul anfal da aya ta 16 suratul hadid.[40]
  • Ayoyi da suka yi hani kan kasancewa ƙarƙashin wilaya da abokantaka tare da kafirai; daga jumlarsu aya ta 120 suratul baƙara, aya ta 118 suratul alu imran, aya ta 115 suratul nisa'i, aya ta 49 suratul ma'ida,aya ta 51 da 52 suratul ma'ida da aya ta 153 suratul an'am.[41]
  • Ayoyi da suka yi hani kan kamanceceniya da kafirai cikin keɓantaccen maudu'i; daga jumlarsu ayoyi 104 da 105 suratul baƙara, aya ta 31 suratul a'araf.[42]

Riwayoyi da suke magana kan kamanceceniya da kafirai sun kasance cikin rukuni guda biyu, daga gamammu da keɓantattu:[43] gamammun riwayoyi misalin wani hadisi daga Annabi (S.A.W)[44] mda Imam Ali (A.S),[45] waɗanda cikinsu a dunƙule an e duk wanda ya kamanta kansa da wasu jama'a to za a lissafa shi cikinsu; keɓantattun riwayoyi da suka zo game da mabambantan mas'alolin rayuwa, daga ibada zuwa kyawawan halaye cikin ɗaiɗaikun mutane da zamantakewa, misalin riwayar nan da aka naƙalto daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) wace cikinta aka yi umarni da share harabar gidaje domin nesantuwa daga kamanceceniya da yahudawa.[46]

Sauran Madogarai

Cikin ahlus-sunna, Ibn Taimiyya (Wafati: 728. h. ƙ) ya yi da'awar ijma'i kan haramcin kamanceceniya da kafirai.[47] a mahangar hankali ma an dogara da dalilan da bayaninsu zai zo a ƙasa kan kore kamanceceniya da kafirai:[48]

  • Kamanceceniya da kafirai yana haifar da samun ikonsu kan musulmai a fagen siyasa, soja, tattalin arziƙi da al'adu.
  • Musulmai koda wane lokaci suna fuskantar duka daga ɓangaren abokan gab, rashin kamanceceniya da kafirai wani nau'i ne na adawa da kafirai.

Ba'arin ƙa'idojin fiƙihu misalin ƙa'idatu nafyu sabil da Ƙa'idat zara'i su ma an jingina da su kan hana kamanceceniya da kafirai.[49] ma'ana sabil cikin ƙa'idatu nafyu sabil, gamammiyar ma'ana ce kuma galaba ta al'ada da kafirai suka yi kan musulmi da kuma samun ikonsu ana lissafa su matsayin misdaƙan sabil da ikon kafirai kan musulmi.[50] haka nan haramcin kamanceceniya da kafirai ƙarƙashin ƙa'idatu saddu zara'i (Toshe hanyoyin ɓarna); ana ɗaukarsa misalin ɗanfaruwa da kuma jingina da kafirai da wulaƙantuwa, ƙasƙantuwa da kuma rugujewa dogara da kai na musulmi.[51]

Bayanin Kula

  1. ↑ Najafi, "Tashabbuh beh Kuffar Dar Pushesh, Arayesh Wa Adab Wa Rusum Az Manzare Fikih Imamiyya", shafi na 90; Molvi Vardanjani, “Wakawi Maudu Tashabbuh Be Kuffar Dar Partuye Fikh Muqarin”, shafi na 61.
  2. ↑ Mawlawi Vardanjani, "Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya,” shafi na 176.
  3. ↑ Mawlawi Vardanjani, “Wakawi Mauzu kTashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh Imamiyya,” shafi na 175.
  4. ↑ Mawlawi Vardanjani, “Wakawi Maudu Tashabbuh Be Kuffar Dar Partuye Fikh Muqarin,” shafi na 62.
  5. ↑ Najafi, “Tashabbuh beh Kuffar Dar Pushesh, Arayesh Wa Adab Wa Rusum Az Manzare Fikih Imamiyya,” shafi na 90.
  6. ↑ Mawlawi Vardanjani, "Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya," shafi na 177-193.
  7. ↑ Mawlawi Vardanjani, “Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya,” shafi na 177.
  8. ↑ Mawlawi Vardanjani, “Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya,” shafi na 177.
  9. ↑ Mawlawi Vardanjani, “Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya,” shafi na 177.
  10. ↑ Ibn Hazm, al-Muhalla, Beirut, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 241
  11. ↑ Mufid, Al-Muqna, 1410 AH, shafi na 357.
  12. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Al-Mutabar, 1364, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 162.
  13. ↑ Alameh Hilli, Tazkirah al-Fuqaha, 1414 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 226.
  14. ↑ Bahai, Rasail, 1357, shafi na 215.
  15. ↑ Maulavi Wardanjani, “Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya”, shafi na 186.
  16. ↑ Maulavi Wardanjani, “Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya”, shafi na 186.
  17. ↑ Maulavi Wardanjani, “Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya”, shafi na 191.
  18. ↑ Maulavi Wardanjani, “Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya”, shafi na 1991-192.
  19. ↑ Maulavi Wardanjani, “Wakāwi Mauzu Tashabbuh beh Kuffar dar fiqh ammeh wa Imamiyya”, shafi na 192-193
  20. ↑ Misali, duba: Shahid Thani, al-Rawda al-Bahiya, Sharhin: Kalanter, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 258; Khamenei, Ajuba al-Istaftaat, 1424 AH, shafi na 306-307; Montazeri, Derasat fi al-Makasib al-Muharmah, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 130.
  21. ↑ منتظری، دراسات فی المکاسب المحرمه، ۱۴۱۵ق، ج۳، ص۱۳۰؛ مؤسسه دایرةالمعارف فقه اسلامی، فرهنگ فقه، ۱۳۸۷ش، ج۲، ص۴۸۵؛ «فقه برای غرب نشینان»، مسأله ۲۰۹، سایت رسمی دفتر آیت الله سیستانی.
  22. ↑ Najafi, "Tashabbuh beh Kuffar Dar Pushesh, Arayesh Wa Adab Wa Rusum Az Manzare Fikih Imamiyya", shafi na 94.
  23. ↑ Najafi, "Tashabbuh beh Kuffar Dar Pushesh, Arayesh Wa Adab Wa Rusum Az Manzare Fikih Imamiyya", shafi na 94..
  24. ↑ Sadouq, Al-Khisal, 1362, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 622.
  25. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1387 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 106-107.
  26. ↑ Najafi, "Tashabbuh beh Kuffar Dar Pushesh, Arayesh Wa Adab Wa Rusum Az Manzare Fikih Imamiyya," shafi na 94-95.
  27. ↑ Saduq, Min Layahdhurhu Al-Faqih, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 252.
  28. ↑ Misali, dubi: Fazel Lankarani, Jame' Al-Masa'il, 2006, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 597.
  29. ↑ Sadouq, Man Layahdara al-Faqih, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 130.
  30. ↑ Saduq, Min Layahdhurhu Al-Faqih, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 182.
  31. ↑ برای نمونه نگاه کنید به: مکارم شیرازی، «حکم برگزاری آیین سال نو میلادی».
  32. ↑ برای نمونه نگاه کنید به: مکارم شیرازی، «ولنتاین».
  33. ↑ Najafi, “Tashabbuh beh Kuffar Dar Pushesh, Arayesh Wa Adab Wa Rusum Az Manzare Fikih Imamiyya,” shafi na 206.
  34. ↑ Dorri, “The fikihu Bushidan Karawat”, shafi na 88.
  35. ↑ Hosseini Khorasani, "Nowruz wa sunnathaye an az manzare fikihi," shafi na 35.
  36. ↑ Manafy, "Barasi Ijmali Adilleh Barkhi az masadik rish tarashi" shafi na 286; Durri, "Barsi fikihi Pushidan Karawat”, shafi na 88; Khosrowshahi, Khatirat Mustanad Sayyid hadi Khosrowshahi, 1396 AH, shafi na 216.
  37. ↑ شهیدی «کفار_ درس خارج فقه»، سایت مدرسه فقاهت.
  38. ↑ Fallah Yekhdani wa Alipour Anjaei, “Negahi beh mafhum wa hukmi tashabbuhu be kuffar” shafi na 122.
  39. ↑ Kharrazi, "tashabbuhu be kuffar wa pairawi az anan", shafi na 25-26; Molvi Vardanjani, "Wakawi tashabbuhu be kuffar dar partuye fikihi muqarin", shafi na 62-63.
  40. ↑ Molvi Vardanjani, “Wakawi tashabbuhu be kuffar dar partuye fikihi muqarin”, shafi na 62.
  41. ↑ Kharazi, "Kamar kafirai da bin su", shafi na 25-26; Molvi Vardanjani, “Wakawi tashabbuhu be kuffar dar partuye fikihi muqarin”, shafi na 63.
  42. ↑ Molvi Vardanjani, “Wakawi tashabbuhu be kuffar dar partuye fikihi muqarin”, shafi na 63
  43. ↑ Molvi Vardanjani, “Wakawi tashabbuhu be kuffar dar partuye fikihi muqarin”, shafi na 63
  44. ↑ Molvi Vardanjani, “Wakawi tashabbuhu be kuffar dar partuye fikihi muqarin”, shafi na 63
  45. ↑ Muhaddith Nouri, Mostadrak al-Wasail, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 17, shafi 440.
  46. ↑ Hurru Ameli, Wasa’il al-Shi’ah, 1416 AH, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 317.
  47. ↑ Ibn Taimiyyah, Al-Fatawa Al-Kubra, 1408H, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 479. ↑
  48. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Al-Wafi, 1406 AH, Hawashi Abul Hasan Shearani, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 713-714; Najafi, "Kamar kafirai a cikin tufafi, gyaran fuska da al'adu ta mahangar fikihu Imamiyya", shafi na 107; Molavi Vardanjani, “Wakawi Tashabbuhu Be Kuffar dar pusesh wa rayaesh wa adabe wa rusum azn manzare fikihi imamiyya”, shafi na 65.
  49. ↑ Fallah Yekhdani wa Alipour Anjaei, "Duba ga ra'ayi da hukuncin fikihu na kamanceceniya da kafirai", shafi na 141; Maulavi Wardanjani, “Negahi be mafhum wa hukmi fikihi tashabbuhu be kuffar dfar partuye fikihi muqarin”, shafi na 65.
  50. ↑ Fallah Yekhdani da Alipour Anjaei, “Negahi be mafhum wa hukmi fikihi tashabbuhu be kuffar dfar partuye fikihi muqarin”, shafi na 141.
  51. ↑ Maulavi Wardanjani, Wakawi Mauzu Tashabbuhu be kuffar dar partuye fikihi muqarin”, shafi na 65.

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