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Shedar Zur

Daga wikishia

Shedar zur (Larabci: شهادة الزور) Tana daga cikin Manya-manyan zunubai, shedar zur ma'ana mutum ya bada shedar kan abin da ya san cewa ba gaskiya ba ne, malaman fiƙihu sun haramta ta bisa dogaro da ayoyin kur'ani da hadisi.

A mahangar malamai idan mai bada sheda tabayyana cewa ya yi ƙarya ta hanyar iƙrari da kan shi ko ta hanyar ilimi da alƙali yake da shi, to za a hukunta wannan wanda ya bada shedar ƙarya da hukunci da alƙali ya ga ya dace, a lokacin da aka gano cewa shedar da masu sheda suka bayar ƙarya ce kafin zartar da hukunci, to za a soke hukuncin da alƙali ya shirya zartarwa, amma idan hakan ta bayyana bayan zartar da hukunci, to waɗanna shedun su ne za su biya kuɗin da mutumin da aka yi wa hukunci ya bayar, amma idan hukuncin da aka zartar na ƙisasi ne (Hukuncin kisa) to anan suma shedu za ayi musu hukuncin ƙisasi ne wato hukuncin kisa ko kuma za a yanke musu hukunci kan cewar su bada Diyya.

Bisa dokoki na ƙasar Iraƙi shedar zur babban laifi ce kuma ana hukunta wanda ya aikata hakan da zama a gidan gyaran hali ko kuma ya bada tara.

Muhimmanci Da Kuma Matsaya Kan Shedar Zur

Shaik Ɗusi wanda ya yi wafati a shekara ta 460 hajirar manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya faɗa a cikin littafin Al-Mabsuɗ cewa shedar zur babban zunubi ce,[1] kazalika ya ƙara da cewa bayan shirka da Allah babu zunubin da ya fi shedar zur girma,[2] amma a fiƙihun imamiyya akwai babi mai suna sheda wanda a cikin shi ne ake ambatar hukunce hukuncen shedar zur.[3]

Mahammad Mahammadi Al-ishtahardi malamin addini kuma marubuci shi'a wanda ya yi rasu a shekara 1427 hajira, ya ce zuwa da shedar zur kusa da bautar gumaka a alkur'ani mai girma,[4] yana nuni ne kan irin munin shedar zur,[5] kazalika nisantar shedar zur ya zo a cikin kur'ani matssayin ɗaya daga cikin sifofin bayin Allah.[6]

Mece ce Shedar Zur

Shedar zur tana nufi wani mutum ya bada sheda da gangan kan wani abu wanda bai sani ba, ko kuma sheda kan abin da ya san ba gaskiya bane,[7] Wasu masana dokoki suna ganin cewa shedar zur tana daga cikin laifuka da hukumar shari'a take ɗaukar mataki a kai.[8]

Dalilin Haramcin Shedar Zur

Shedar zur haramin ce a fiƙihun shi'a, kuma kan haramcinta an kafa hujjada faɗar Allah maɗaukaki وَاجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ ku nisanci maganasr zur,[9] Imam Khomaini da Sayyid Ali Kamna'i sun yi imani cewa wannan ayar da ta gabata tana nuni kan haramncin maganar da bata dace ba ita maganar d a bata dace ba ta ƙunshi ƙarya, shedar zur da kuma waƙa.[10]

Kamar yadda wasu daga cikin masu tafsiri suka tafi a kan haramcin shedar zur bisa dogaro da faɗin Allah maɗaukakiوَالَّذِينَ لَا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّ wadanda basa shedar zur,[11] kuma Sayyid Husaini Burujurdi ɗaya daga cikin maraji'an taƙlidi na shi'a ya kafa hujja kan haramcin shedar zur,[12] bisa gini kan wata ruwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ga abin da ya zo a cikin riwayar mai shedar zur kafarShi ba zata gushe ba daga inda yake face wuta ta wajabta a gare shi.[13] Allama Hilli ya kafa hujji da wata ruwaya daga imamu Baƙir A S ga abin da yazo a cikinta cewa ba bu wani mutum wanda zai yi shedar zur kan wani musulmi domin kwace mishi wata dukiya bace Allah ya rubuta mishi wani guri sananne a cikin wuta.[14]

Hukunce-hukunce

Shedar zur tana daga cikin zunubai waɗanda ba su da Haddi a shari'a, amma tana da Ta'azir wato alƙali ne zai yanke hukuncin da yake ganin ya dace, kuma shi Ta'azir ana kiranshi da ladabtarwa, ita ladabtarwa doka ne amma wanda ba a anbaci haddin shi ba a shari'a,[15] kuma Ahlus-sunna da shi'a sunyi ittifaƙi kan yin ta'aziri, illa iyaka akwai saɓani kan wasu bayananshi,misali malaman fiƙihu na shi'a sunyi ittifaƙi cewa yin ta'aziri ya haɗa da zagayawa ko shelanta mutumin ga mutane domin su san shi sa kuma kunyata shi a gun mutane,[16] kamar yadda Shaik Ɗusi ya bayyana haka ƙarara,[17] amma akwai saɓani tsakanin malaman fiƙihu na Ahlus-sunna kan shelanta shi a cikin mutane.[18]

Hanyoyin Tabbatar Da Shedar Zur

Akwai wasu adadin hanyoyi da ake bu domin tabbatar da shedar zur:

  • Iƙrari shi mutum da kan shi ya tabbatar da shedarshi ba gaskiya bace kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ya yi kuskure.[19]
  • Shedar wasu mutane: idan wasu suka bada sheda saɓanin shedar da ta gabata.[20]
  • Ilimin Alƙali: wasu lokuta shi alƙali da kanshi ta hanyoyi daban-daban yana iya gano cewa shedar da ta gabata sheda ce ta zur.[21] Musɗafa Al-muhaƙƙiƙ Addamad ya ce ilimin alƙali a wannan gurin shi ake gabatarwa kan sauran dukkan dalilai.[22]

Abin da Zai Biyo Bayan Shedar Zur A Fiƙihu Da Dokoki

An ambaci wasu abubuwa da za suke biyo bayan shedar zur:

Suke hukuncin da aka yi

Shahidul Awwal wanda ya yi shahada a shekara ta 786, ya ambata a cikin littafinshi mai suna Duruss Shar'iyya cewa duk lokacin da aka gano cewa sheda ta ƙarya ce kafin zartar da hukunci, to anan Alƙali zai soke hukuncin.[23] bisa mada ta 1319 a cikin ƙanunul Madani Alirani,idan sheda ya janye shahadar shi ko kuma tabayyana cewa shedarshi bata gaskiya bace,to ba'ayin hukunci da shedar shi.[24]

Biyan Asara Da Yin Kisasi

Idan ta bayyana cewa shahada ta karya ce bayan yin hukunci, to fa shedu ne za su bayar da kuɗi ko dukiyar wanda aka yi wa hukunci ya yi asara (Wato wanda aka hukunta),[25] idan kuma ya zamo hukuncin kisa ne ko kuma diyya kuma an zartar da hukuncin a kanshi, to anan za a yi wa shedun hukunci na ƙisasi ko kuma su bada diyya.[26]

Zaman Gidan Gyaran Hali Da Tara Ta Kuɗi

Wasu malaman fiƙihu sun yi hukunci bisa dogaro kan Sirar Imam Ali (A.S) da yin hukunci kan tsare wanda ya bada shedar zur.[27] Ya zo a doka ta 252 a dokokin uƙuba, duk mutumin da ya ba da shedar zur a kotu za a yanke mishi hukunci zaman gidan gyaran hali, ko kuma tara ta kuɗi. Sai dai cewa wannan hukuncin ya bambanta da hukuncin da ya zo a cikin babil hudud da ƙisasi da kuma diyya wacce ta keɓanta da shedar zur.[28]

Rashin Karɓar Sheda

Bisa fatawa ta malaman fiƙihu na shi'a duk wanda ya ba da shaidar zur, ba za a ƙara karɓar shaidar shi ba a kotu, har sai ya tuba kuma ya zama adali.[29]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Sheikh al-Tusi, al-Mabsut, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 164.
  2. ↑ al-Mazandarani, Sharh al-Kafi, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 264. Ibn Barraj, al-Muhadhdhab, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 562.
  3. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, juzu'i na 41, shafi na 252.
  4. ↑ Aya ta 30 a cikin Suratul Hajj
  5. ↑ Muhammadi al-Ishtihardi, "Wijegihaye Ibadur Rahman Farhiz shadid az gawahui Durug wa shirkat dar majalis guna", shafi na 19
  6. ↑ Muhammadi al-Ishtihardi, "Wijegihaye Ibadur Rahman Farhiz shadid az gawahui Durug wa shirkat dar majalis guna", shafi na 19
  7. ↑ Muhammadi al-Ishtihardi, "Wijegihaye Ibadur Rahman Farhiz shadid az gawahui Durug wa shirkat dar majalis guna", shafi na 19
  8. ↑ Shamlu Ahmadi, Farhang Istilahat wa Unwanin Jaza'i, shafi na 287. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Shari'a na Shugaban Kasa, Dokar Hukunci na Musulunci, shafi na 161, sashe na 650.
  9. ↑ Sheikh al-Tusi, al-Mabsut, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 164. Suratul Hajj, aya ta 30.
  10. ↑ Imam Khomeini, al-Makasib al-Muharrama, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 344, Sayyid Khamenei, al-Ghina wa al-Musiqa, shafi na 38.
  11. ↑ Suratul Furqan, aya ta 72. Al-Tabarsi, Majma' al-Bayan, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 315.
  12. ↑ Sayyid al-Burujirdi, Jami' Ahadith al-Shi'a, juzu'i na 30, shafi na 328.
  13. ↑ Al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 383.
  14. ↑ Sheikh al-Saduq, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 61, hadisi na 3338. Allama al-Hilli, Tahrir al-Ahkam, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 297-298.
  15. ↑ Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 562.
  16. ↑ Mou'assasat Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Fiqh al-Islami, al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 276.
  17. ↑ Sheikh al-Tusi, al-Khilaf, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 240.
  18. ↑ As-Sarkhasi, al-Mabsut, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 145.
  19. ↑ Al-Hurrul Al-Amili, Hidayat al-Ummah ila Ahkam al-A'immah, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 426. Al-Halabi, al-Kafi fi al-Fiqh, shafi na 440.
  20. ↑ Al-Kalbaiqani, Kitab al-Shahadat, shafi na 448-449. Al-Halabi, al-Kafi fi al-Fiqh, shafi na 440.
  21. ↑ Al-Halabi, al-Kafi fi al-Fiqh, shafi na 440. Diyaani, Qanun Mujazat Islami Mu'arrab (1399 SH), shafi na 88, sashe na 160 da 211.
  22. ↑ Al-Muhaqqiq al-Damad, Qawa'id al-Fiqh (sashen shari'a), shafi na 48.
  23. ↑ Ash-Shahid al-Awwal, ad-Durus ash-Shar'iyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 143.
  24. ↑ Kamalan, Handbuk Karbardy Qawanin wa Maqarrarat Huquqi, shafi na 204.
  25. ↑ Al-Mar'ashi al-Tustari, Didgah-haye No dar Huquq, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 122.
  26. ↑ Al-Bajnurdi, al-Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyya, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 18. Al-Khoei, Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, juzu'i na 41, shafi na 191.
  27. ↑ Al-Hashimi al-Shahrudi, Mawsu'at al-Fiqh al-Islami al-Muqaran, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 295.
  28. ↑ Ma'aikatar Harkokin Shari'a na Shugaban Kasa, Dokar Hukunci na Musulunci, shafi na 161.
  29. ↑ Al-Fadil al-Lankarani, Tafsil al-Shari'a (sashen shari'a da shaidar shari'a), shafi na 598 da 612.

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