Istigfari

Daga wikishia
Masallacin Juma'a Na Garin Khurram Shahar

Istigfari (Larabci: ألإستغفار) ma'ana neman gafarar Allah kan zunubai. Istigfari yana kasancewa ta hanyar furta shi a kan harshe da kuma yinsa a aikace; kan fatar harshe yana kasancewa ne ta hanyar faɗin kalmar astagfirullah, cikin kur'ani da riwayoyi akwai wurare masu tarin yawa da aka bada umarni tare da kwaɗaitarwa kan yin istigfari, ayoyi guda 30 daga kur'ani suke ɗauke da bayanin istigfarin Annabawa. haƙiƙa neman tsari daga azabar Allah, gafartar zunubai da samun ƙaruwar arziƙi suna daga cikin kufaifayin tasirin istigfari. Haƙiƙa istigfari ya kasance mafi alherin ibada da addu'a kuma yin istigfari yana matsayin aiki na mustahabi; tare da haka a wasu wurare yana zama wajibi bisa taken kaffarar wanda ya ɗaura ihrami, kan asasin koyarwar kur'ani baya halasta Annabawa su nemawa mushrikai gafarar Allah. Imam Ali (A.S), yana ganin sharaɗin istigfari shi ne nadama kan zunubin da mutum ya aikata, ɗaukar alƙawarin cewa ba zai ƙara maimaita wannan zunubi ba, sauke haƙƙoƙin mutane da yake wuyansa da sauke wajiban da suke kansa. An yi umarni da yin istigfari a kowanne lokaci da kowanne waje; sai dai cewa an fi ƙarfafa yin istigfari a lokaci hudowar alfijir, wani lokaci mutum yana yin istigfari sakamakon zunubansa, wani lokaci sakamakon zaluntar kansa, wasu lokutan kuma saboda laifukan zamantakewar yau da kullum.

Ma'ana

Kalmar istigfari yana nufin roƙon Allah ta hanyar fatar harshe da aiki[1] domin ya gafarta zunubai.[2] manufar yinsa shi ne neman garkuwa da tsari da kamuwa da miyagun kufaifayin zunubi da azabar Allah.[3] Istigfari yana kasancewa ta hanyoyi biyu: hanyar fatar harshe cikin furta kalmar «استغفر الله» ko hanyar aiki misalin aikata wani aiki da zai sanya a gafartawa mutum zunubansa.[4] malaman fiƙihu sun kawo magana kan istigfari na fatar harshe a babuka misalin ɗahara, sallah, azumi, aikin hajji, saye da sayarwa, zihari da kaffara.[5]

Wasu malaman tafsiri na ahlus-sunna daga jumlarsu Zamakshari da Fakhrur razi, suna ɗaukar kalmar istigfari da ta zo a ba'arin ayoyin kur'ani misalin aya ta 52 suratul hud (وَيا قَوْمِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ) tana da ma'anar Imani,[6] ko muslunci misalin aya ta 33 suratul anfal (وَما كانَ اللَّهُ مُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَهُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ).[7] Ɗabarsi ɗan shi'a malamin tafsiri a ƙarni na biyar hijira ƙamari, kalmar istigfari da ta zo a aya ta 17 suratul alu Imran

الصَّابِرِينَ وَالصَّادِقِينَ وَالْقَانِتِينَ وَالْمُنْفِقِينَ وَالْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِالْأَسْحَارِ

Masu haƙuri, masu gaskiya, masu ibada, masu ciyarwa, masu neman gafara a lokacin alfijir. Kan asasin ba'arin riwayoyi an fassara masu sallah matsayin masu yin istigfari a aikace.[8]

Matsayi

Kalmomi masu ɗauke da neman gafara sun zo cikin kur'ani har karo 68 guda 43 daga cikinsu an ciro su daga kalmar istigfar, guda 17 sun zo cikin zirin kalmar «اغفر»، a wurare 3 «تغفر» wuri ɗaya kuma ya cikin zirin «مغفرة» aka yi amfani da ita.[9] Ayoyi masu yawan gaske sun zo da umarni ko kwaɗaitarwa kan istigfari, misalin aya ta 199 suratul baƙara da aya ta 110 suratul nisa'i da aya ta 61 suratul hud,[10] a wasu wurare kur'ani ya zargi mutanen da bas a yin istigfari.[11]

Bisa koyarwar kur'ani hakiƙa mala'iku suna nemawa muminai.[12] da mutane gafarar Allah,[13] an bayyana roƙan gafara matsayin ɗaya daga cikin siffofin mutane masu tsantseni da gudun duniya.[14] haka nan roƙan manzon Allah da masu zunubai suke kan ya nema musu gafara wurin Allah yana daga cikin dalilai da yake rushe shubuhar shirkantar da neman gafarar wanin Allah. Masu dandaƙe nazari na ahlus-sunna su ma kan asasi ayoyin kur'ani sun kore shubuhar kasancewar neman gafarar annabawa matsayin shirka.[15] kan asasi aya ta 97 suratul yusuf, ƴaƴan Annabi Yaƙubu bayan abin da ya fara tsakanin da ɗan'uwansu Yusuf sun roƙi babansu ya nema musu gafarar Allah, sai ya nema musu gafarar Allah.[16][Tsokaci 1] Cikin wata riwaya bayani ya zo ƙarara cewa yawaita istigfari yana sanya takardar ayyukan bayin Allah haskaka.[17] cikin wata riwaya daban Zurara ɗan A'ayun ya naƙalto daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cewa wanda ya aikata wani zunubi ana bashi damar tuba da neman gafara tun daga safiya zuwa dare, tsawon wannan lokaci ba a rubuta wannan zunubi da ya aikata.[18]

Istigfarin Ma'asumai

Tushen ƙasida: Istigfarin Ma'asumai

Kusan ayoyi 30 cikin kur'ani suka zo game da istigfarin Annabawa.[19] tare da haka Allama ɗabaɗaba'i tare da ishara zuwa ga ismar Annabawa, ya tafi kan cewa aikata saɓo ga Annabawa ya yi hannun riga sa wazifarsu ta tabligi, ya kawo tsammanin cewa haƙiƙa su Annabawa suna ɗaukar ayyukan halas matsayin zunubi da ya cancanci neman istigfari.[20] wannan nuƙɗa ta ƙunshi ma'anar «حسنات الابرار سیئات المقربین» (kyawawan rabautattu muna ne a wurin makusanta) shi ne cewa bawai kaɗai ayyukan mubahi na ba'arin wasu bayin Allah yana kasancewa zunubi ba, bari dai kyawawan ayyukan wasu ba'arin bayin Allah misal "Rabautattu" na iya zama zunubi ga wasu ba'arin misalin “Makusanta”.[21] Cikin ayoyin kur'ani da kuma zantukan ma'asumai (A.S) an yi bayanin ba'arin tasiri da kufaifayin istigfari; daga jumlarsu: kuɓuta daga azabar Allah,[22] gafarta zunubai,[23] ƙaruwar arziki da zuriya,[24] haka kuma samun tsawon rai.[25]

Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya ce:

«طُوبى لمَن وُجِدَ في صَحيفَةِ عَمَلِهِ يَومَ القِيامَةِ تَحتَ كُلِّ ذَنبٍ : أستَغفِرُ اللّه َ »

.Farin ciki ya tabbata ga wanda cikin takardar ayyukansa karkashin kowanne zunubi an rubuta masa "Astagfirullah"

Source: Ray Shahri, Mizan al-Hikma, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 2274

Hukunce-hukunce

Istigfari aiki ne na mustahabbi amma zai iya zama wajibi ko haramun saboda wasu dalilai.

  • Istigfari na wajibi: a wasu wurare istigfari yana zama wajibi, daga jumlar waɗannan wurare su ne kaffarar mai ihrami wanda ya aikata jidali sau ɗaya ko sau biyu.[32]
  • Istigfari na haramun: bisa abin da ya zo a kur'ani, haramun ne muminai su yi wa mushrikai istigfari da nema musu gafara.[33] game da haƙiƙanin istigfarin da Annabi Ibrahim (A.S) ya yi cikin haƙƙin babansa (Ko kakansa daga ɓangaren mahaifiya ko dai baffansa) tare da kasancewarsa daga mushrikai lallai akwai saɓanin malaman tafsiri kan wannan magana.[34] amma bisa ayoyin kur'ani sakamakon Ibrahim ya yi ma babansa Azara alƙawarin nema masa gafara ne ya yi wannan istigfari, amma bayan ya gano cewa mushriki bai yi Imani ba sai ya barranta daga gare shi, kuma bayan nan bai ƙara yi masa istigfari ba, cikin aya ta 114 suratul tauba an yi ishara kan wannan magana
وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَنْ مَوْعِدَةٍ وَعَدَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ لِلَّهِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ ۚ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَأَوَّاهٌ حَلِيمٌ

Kuma neman gafara da Ibrahim ya yi wa babansa bai kasance ba face domin wani alƙawari da ɗaukar masa, lokacin da ta bayyanar masa cewa babansa maƙiyin Allah sai ya barranta kansa daga gareshi, lallai Ibrahim ya kasance mutum mai tausayi da haƙuri.

Ladubba

Cikin riwayoyi daga Imamai ma'asumai an naƙalto ladubban game da istigfari, daga jumlarsu Imam Ali (A.S) yayin da yake magana da wani mutum da ya shagaltu da istigfari ya ambaci siffofi shida kan haƙiƙanin istigfari, waɗanda su ne: nadama kan abin da ya faru, alƙawarin cewa ba zai ƙara aikata zunubi ba, sauke haƙƙoƙin mutane, sauke wajibai da bai yi ba, yin baƙin ƙoƙari cikin narkar da naman jikinsa da tofo daga haramun tare da ɗanfarawa jikinsa wahalhalun ɗa'ar ubangiji.[35]

duk da cewa shi istigfari bai iyakantu da wuri da lokaci ba, amma cikin kur'ani an ƙarfafi yin istigfari lokacin hudowar alfijir a cikin aya ta 1-18 suratul zariyat an lissafa yin haka da siffofin masu tsantseni. (وَبِالْأَسْحَارِ هُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ)[36]

Nau'o'in Istigfari

An kasa istigfari bisa la'akari da yaya yake da maudu'in zunubi zuwa kaso uku: 1.Neman gafara kan zunubi da mutum ya aikatawa kansa daga zakuntar kansa. 2.Neman gafara kan zunubin zaluntar wasu mutane/ 3.Neman gafara game da zunubai na zamantakewa (zunuban shuwagabanni da ƴan siyasa da jagororin al'umma)[37]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Rageb, Mufradat Al-faz Al-Qur'an, 1416 AH, shafi na 609.
  2. ↑ Eskenderani, Kashf al-Asrar, 2010, juzu'i na 2, shafi.46.
  3. ↑ Ibn Ashur, Tahrir wa al-Tanvir, 1420H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 223; Rajeb, Mufrsdat Al-faz Al-Qur'an, 1416 AH, shafi na 609. ↑
  4. ↑ Dayiratul Al-marif fqihi Islami, Farhang Fiqh, 1382, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 439.
  5. ↑ Dayiratul Al-marif fqihi Islami, Farhang Fiqh, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 439.
  6. ↑ Zamakhshari, Al-Kashaf, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 402.
  7. ↑ Fakhr al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 158.
  8. ↑ Tabarsi, Majma al-Bayan, 1372, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 714.
  9. ↑ Markaz Farhang Ma'arif Kur’an,Da'iratul Al-marif Kur’anil Kareem, 1385 AH, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 134.
  10. ↑ Abdul Baqi, Al-Mu’jam Al-Mufahris, 1412 AH, shafi 500.
  11. ↑ اَفَلایتوبونَ اِلَی اللهِ ویستَغفِرونَهُ (سوره المائدة، آیه ۷۴).
  12. ↑ Suratul Ghafir, aya ta 7.
  13. ↑ Suratul Shura, aya ta 5.
  14. ↑ Suratul Al Imran, aya ta 15-16; Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 463.
  15. ↑ «درس‌هایی در مورد وهابیت آیت‌الله سبحانی»، مدرسه فقاهت.
  16. ↑ سوره نساء، آیه۶۴.
  17. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 504.
  18. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi 437.
  19. ↑ Markaz Farhang Almarif Kur'anil Kareem,dayiratul marif Kur'anil Kareem, 1385 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 142.
  20. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 367.
  21. ↑ Arbali, Kashf Al-Ghumma fi Ma’rifat Al-Imams, 1381 BC, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 254.
  22. ↑ Suratul Anfal, aya ta 33; Ali Al-Musawi, Sharh Nahj Al-Balagha, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 267; Ḥamānīn nājah kānīd biḥ: Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namūnah, 1380 AH, juzu’i na 7, shafi na 154-155.
  23. ↑ Suratul Nuhu, aya ta 10.
  24. ↑ Suratul Nuhu, aya ta 10-12.
  25. ↑ Tabarsi, Majma Al-Bayan, 1372 AH, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 543; Fakhr Al-Razi, Al-Tafsir Al-Kabir, Dar Ihya’ Al-Tarath Al-Arabi, juzu’i na 30, shafi na 137.
  26. ↑ Hurr Ameli, Wasa’il al-Shi’a, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 7, shafi 180.
  27. ↑ Yazdi, Al-Urwah Al-Wuthqa, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 683.
  28. ↑ Yazdi, Al-Urwah Al-Wuthqa, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 658.
  29. ↑ Yazdi, Al-Urwah Al-Wuthqa, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 699.
  30. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1367 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 33.
  31. ↑ Hurr Ameli, Wasa’il al-Shi’a, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 304.
  32. ↑ A cikin jidali kan gaskiya idan jidalin ya kasance kasa da karo uku wajibi ne ayi istigfari, odan kuma ya kasance karo uku. kaffarar ta tunkiya ce (Mahmoudi, Manasek Umra Fardeh, 2007, shafi na 69).
  33. ↑ Suratul Towba, aya ta:113.
  34. ↑ Tabarsi, Majma al-Bayan, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 132.
  35. ↑ Nahj al-Balagheh, sharh Abbas Ali Al-Mousavi, Hikmat 417, shafi na 508.
  36. ↑ نگاه کنید به: سوره آل عمران، آیه ۱۷؛ سوره ذاریات، آیه ۱۸.
  37. ↑ دفترحفظ و نشر آثار حضرت آیت الله العظمی خامنه ایhttps://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=20585

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ قَالُوا يَا أَبَانَا اسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا خَاطِئِينَ

Nassoshi

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Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hassan, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Tehran, Nasser Khosrow, 1372.

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