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Kisan Ganganci

Daga wikishia

Kisan ganganci (Larabci: القتل العمدي ) shi ne kashe mutum da gangan, kuma wannan kisa a shari'a Haramun ne, kuma yana cikin manya-manyan zunubai, babu saɓani kan haramcin wannan aiki a dukkan addinan sama, hakazalika a doka irin ta ɗan'adam, bisa ayoyi a ƙur'ani dole ne a girmama jinin mutane, ana la akari da kashe wani mutum daga cikin mutane ba tare da haƙƙi ba a matsayin wani abu da yake haramun a shari'a, kai a taƙaice wannan babban laifi ne, a ƙur'ani kuma an tanadi hukunci mai tsanani a kan shi a gobe ƙiyama da kuma azaba ta har abada.

Kur'ani ya yi magana kan kisan ganganci, wanda wani nau'i ne na zalinci ga wasu mutane daban, kuma aana la akari da shi a matsayin babban zalinci, har abun ya kai ga ƙur'ani ya bayyana cewa duk wanda ya kashe mutum ɗaya ba tare da haƙƙi ba kamar ya kashe mutanen duniya ne. an rawaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa farkon wanda Allah zai wa hukunci a ranar alƙiyama shi ne wanda ya kashe wani rai ba tare da haƙƙi ba.

Tabbas malaman fiƙihu na Musulunci sun haramta kashe mutum mai daraja kamar musulmi da kafirin da ba ya yaƙar musulmi, haƙiƙa malaman fiƙihu na imamiyya sun kawo sharuɗɗa guda biyu domin tabbatar da kisan ganganci; amma na ɗaya shi ne, ya zama yana da niyyar kashe mutum, na biyu shi ne yin amfani da wani abu da yake kaiwa ga kisa. A fiƙinhun musulunci hukuncin kisa shi ne ƙisasi (Kashe wanda ya aikata kisa) kashe kai, da zubar da ciki ana la akari da su a matsayin kisan ganganci.

Matsayi

wasiƙar Imam Ali (A.S) Zuwa Ga Malikul Ashtar:
Ina ja maka kunne kan zibar da jini ka da ka kuskura ka zibar da jini ba tare da haƙƙi ba, tabbas babu wani abu da ya fi jawo musiba, babu abin da ya fi saurin bin mutum, babu abin da ya fi saurin kawar da ni'ima da lalacewar mulki, kamar zubar da jini ba tare da haƙƙi ba, kuma Allah zai fara hukunci a ranar gobe ƙiyama ga waɗanda suka zubar da jini a tsakanin bayinshi, ka da ka kuskura ka ƙarfafi mulkinka da zubar da jini na haramin, saboda yin hakan yana raunana mulki kai bari ma yana kawar da shi ya koma gun wani. Baka da wani uzuri a gun Allah da gurina kan kisan da ka yi na ganganci, saboda sakamakon wanda ya kashe shi ne a kashe shi.[1]

Kisan ganganci zalinci ne kuma yana cikin babban saɓo[2] A Musulunci wanda ya yi kisa da gangan ana yi mi shi hukuncin dawwama a wuta,[3] Haka sauarn addinan sama suka tabbatar da cewa kisan ganganci yana cikin manyan abubuwa da suka haramta[4] tabbas dokokin duniya sun yi ittifaƙi kan haramcin kisan ganganci.[5]

Haƙƙin rayuwa yana daga cikin haƙƙoƙi na asali na ɗan'adam, saboda idan babu wannan haƙƙi, to sauran haƙƙoƙin ba su da wata ma ana,[6] kuma wannan haƙƙin an yarda da shi a hukumance cikin baki ɗayan masadir da takardun shaidar inganci kare haƙƙon ɗan'adam[7] duk wanda yake so ya sanin muhimmancin mas'alar a cikin litattafai na addini, to zai iya bincikawa a cikin jigo kamar haka: haramcin kashe rai da kashe kai da zubar da ciki,[8]

Tabbas fiƙihun Musulunci ya baiwa wannan batu na haramcin kashe ran ko wane mutum muhimmancin na musamman,[9] za a iya ganin hakan a gurare da yawa a fiƙihu a inda aka ambaci hukunce-hukuncen kashe rai, kamar Jihadi da umarni da kyakyawa da hani da mummuna, gado, hukuncen haddi da ƙisasi da diyya.[10]

Girmama jinin mutum ba abu ba ne da ya keɓanta da Musulmi kaɗai, a a wannan abu ya ƙunshi waɗanda ba Musulmi ba waɗanda ba sa yaƙar Musulmi kuma ba su da ƙiyaya ga Musulmi, kai bari ma dai su suna zama lafiya da Musulmi ne, to irin waɗannan kafuran za a kiyaye rayukansu a ƙarƙashin daular Musulinci.[11]

Gabatarwa, Sharuɗɗa Da Hukunce-hukunce

Kisa ya rabu zuwa gida uku;

  1. Kisa bisa kuskure.
  2. Kisa mai kama da ganganci.[12]
  3. Kisan ganganci, wannan shi ne kashe wani mutum wanda bai haifar da wani fasadi ba a doran ƙasa,[13] malaman Musulunci sun ce sharaɗin mai kisan ganganci ya zamo baligi, mai hankali, kuma ya zamo da gaske ya yi niyya yin aiki wanda zai sabbaba kisa, kuma ya zamo ya yi nufin yin kisa, ba wai kawai ya yi niyyar yin aikin da zai kai ga yin kisa ba, a a dole ya zamo ya yi niyyar yin kisa.[14]

Akwai wasu hukunce-hukunce na kisa gasu kamar haka;

  • Idan mahaukaci ko yaro ya kashe mutum, to hukunci shi ne ana riskar da shi ne a matsayin kisa bisa kuskure.[15]
  • Kisan ganganci yana tabbata da shedar mutum biyu adalai bisa fatawar Mashahurin malamai.[16]
  • Kisan kashe kai[17] da zubar da ciki ana la'akari da su a matsayin kisan ganganci.[18]
  • Wanda ya yi kisa ba zai gado ba, idan ya zamo wanda ya kashe akwai gado a tsakaninsu.[19]
  • Kashe mutum mai daraja, kamar Musulmi da kafiri wanda ba ya yaƙar Musulmi suna cikin abubuwan da suka haramta, amma sai dai cewa kashe irin wannan mutumin ba matsala ba ne ta fuskacin shari'a, kamar mutum ya kashe shi a yayin da yake kare kanshi a lokacin da ya kawo mi shi hari, ko yayin kare kai a lokacin yaƙi, ko kuma mutum ya kashe shi a lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin aikata fasadi a doran ƙasa, ko kuma aka tabbatar ma shi da hukuncin kisa saboda ya kashe wani, ko ya zamo ya aikata wani laifi da ya sa aka yanke mi shi hukuncin kisa.[20]
  • Fitattun malaman fiƙihu sun yi fatawa cewa a lokacin da mutum yake cikin wani yanayi da zai sa ya yi taƙiyya ko a wani yanayi da za a tilasta mi shi kashe wani, to a irin wannan yanayin ya haramta ya kashe mutumin da ake so ya kashe koda yana fuskantar barazanar rayuwarshi, idan kuma har ya aikata hakan, to dole shi ma a kashe shi.[21]

Kashe Mutum Babban Saɓo Ne A Kur'ani

Bisa abin da ƙur'ani ya faɗa wajibi ne a girmama jinin ɗan'adam, kashe ko wane mutum haramun ne,[22] kai bama haka ba kashe mutum ɗaya na daga cikin manya zunubi a mahangar ƙur'ani.[23]

Bisa abin da malam Nasir Makarim Shirazi ɗaya daga cikin malaman tafsirin ƙur'ani yana ganin cewa hukuncin wanda ya kashe mutum kamar yadda ƙur'ani ya bayyana yana daga cikin hukunci mafi tsanani[24] ya zo a cikin ƙur'ani cewa duk wanda ya kashe wani mumini da gangan, to hukuncinshi shi wautar Jahannama kuma yana mai tabbata a ciki da fishin Allah da tsinuwarshi kuma ya tanadar mi shi da azaba mai girma.[25]

Haƙiƙa an ambaci hukunci na masamman guda huɗu masu tsanani sosai ga masu kisa a cikin ƙur'ani.[26]

Duk Wanda Ya Kashe Wani Rai Daidai Yake Da Kashe Dukkan Mutane Ne

Kur'ani yana la'akari da kisa ba tare da haƙƙi ba a matsayin wani babban laifi mai girma, ya kai ga cewa kashe mutum ɗaya kamar kashe dukkan mutane ne,[27] ya zo a cikin aya ta 32 suratul ma'ida cewa: duk wanda ya kashe wani mutum ba tare da ya kashe wani ba, ba tare da ya haifar da fasadi a doran ƙasa ba, to kamar ya kashe dukkan mutane ne.[28]

Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i a ƙarshan wannan ayar ya ce shi kisa ma'anar shi tana komawa zuwa ga lalata hadafin da Allah ya sa ya yi halitta na wanzuwar ɗan'adam gungu-gungu a doran ƙasa.[29]

Game da Ruwayoyi Na Kisan Ganganci

Riwayoyi sun yi bayani ƙarara kan girman laifin kisan kai,[30] a wata ruwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa farkon abin da Allah zai yi hukunci a kan shi a ranar alƙiyama shi ne zubar da jini,[31] Har iala yau, a wata ruwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W) ya ce: idan duk duniya za a za ƙwace duka ya fi sauƙi wurin Allah daga zubar da jini bisa zalunci,[32] haka abin yake a ciki wasiƙar da Imam Ali (A.S) ya aika da ita zuwa Malikul Ashtar, ya gargaɗe shi kan zubar da jini, saboda babu abin da ya fi zubar da jini jawowa mutum fushi da azabar Allah, kuma babu abin da yafi bin mutum kamar zubar da jini, kuma babu abin da ya kai shi sa gushewar ni'ima.[33]

Hukuncin Kisa A Dokokin Ƙasa Da Ƙasa

ƙasashan duniya sun tanadi hukunci mai tsanani ga duk wanda ya aikata hukuncin kisa, kamar hukuncin kisa ko zama gidzn gyaran hali har mutuwa, ko tsare mutum a gidan kaso shekaro masu yawa,[34] kasani cewa fiƙihun Musulinci yana hukunta wanda ya yi kisa da gangan da hukuncin kisa ne,[35] kuma makusantan wanda aka kashe suna da haƙƙi su zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin abu uku;[36]

  1. Yin ƙisasi (kashe wanda ya yi kisa)
  2. Suna iya yin afuwa, amma su karɓi diyya.
  3. Suna iya yin afuwa, batare da karɓar diyya ba.

A wasu ƙasashe kamar Kanada da Ingila suna yin hukunci ga wanda ya yi kisa da yin hukunci zama dindin a kurkuku har zuwa mutuwa,[37] a wasu ƙasashe kamar Iraƙi a wasu lokuta ana yi wa wanda ya yi kisa da gangan da zama a gidan gyaran hali zuwa wani lokacin na wucin gadi ko zama har abada, amma a wasu lokuta na masamman ana yi hukunci ga wanda ya yi kisa da hukuncin kisa.[38]

A Iran bisa dokoki na Musulunci ana yi wa wanda ya yi kisa da gangan hukuncin kisa bisa doka ta 381 da aka tabbatar a shekara ta 2013 miladiyya, bisa wannan doka idan makusantan wanda aka kashe suka yarda su karɓi diyya, to zai yi wu a canza hukunci kisa zuwa karɓar diyya.[39] a wasu dokoki na Musulunci a Iran akwai waɗansu kisa da ake yi musu hukuncin kisan ganganci, kamar idan mutum ya bar wani aiki da ya kamata ya yiwa wani mutum, kuma ƙin yin aiki yana kaiwa ga mutuwar mutumin, kamar mai shayar da jariri, kamar uwa ko `yar uwar uwa ko mai shayarwa-tabar shayar da jaririn har ya mutu, ko kuma likita wanda ya bar kulawa da marar lafiya ko ma'aikaciyar jiya ta bar marar lafiya har mutuwa, to duk waɗannan ana yi musu hukuncin wanda ya kashe mutum da gangan..[40]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Payame Imam Amir al-Mominin, (A.S). Juzu'i 11, shafi. 121; Nahj al-Balagha, Sobhi Saleh, Risala 53, shafi. 443.
  2. ↑ Al-Najfi, Jawaher al-Kalam, Juzu'i. 42, shafi. 9; Al-Madrasi, Ahkame Shari'at Piramuneda Hayat Tayyiba, shafi na. 176.
  3. ↑ Sheikh Qaraiti, Tafsir al-Nur, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 133; Shahabi, Edwar al-Fiqh, Juzu'i. 1, shafi. 134.
  4. ↑ Allama al-Tabataba'i, al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Juzu'i. 13, shafi. 90; Hosseini, Qatle Nafse Wa Majazat An Dar Adyane Ibrahimi, shafi na 3 da 4.
  5. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Tafsir al-Amsal, Juzu'i. 12, shafi. 105.
  6. ↑ Al-Masbah Al-Yazidi, Nazriyye Huquq Islam, Juzu'i 1, shafi. 257.
  7. ↑ Movahedi Savji, "Barsi Tadbiqi Haqqe Hayat Az Didgahe Wa Asnade Huquq Bashar, shafi. 86.
  8. ↑ Movahedi Saveji, "Barsi Tadbiqi Haqqe Hayat Az Didgahe Wa Asnade Huquq Bashar, shafi. 83.
  9. ↑ Ahmadinejad, “Bazze Qatle Amdi Dar Huquq Iran Wa Fiqhe wa Huquqe Imamiyya,” shafi. 101.
  10. ↑ Al-Hashemi Al-Shahrudi, Farhang Fiqh, Juzu'i. 6, shafi. 491.
  11. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Tafsir Al-Amsal, Juzu'i. 12, shafi. 107; Sheikh Qaraati, Tafsir Noor, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 55.
  12. ↑ «ماده 289 قانون مجازات اسلامی», Cibiyar Bincike na Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci; Ahmadinejad, “Bazze Qatle Amdi Dar Huquqe Iran Wa Fiqhu Imamiyya,” shafi na 101 da 102..
  13. ↑ Ahmadinejad, “Bazze Qatle Amdi Dar Huquqe Iran Wa Fiqhu Imamiyya,” shafi na 101 da 102..
  14. ↑ Al-Rawandi, Fiqh al-Qur'an, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 394; Al-Hashemi Al-Shahrudi, Farhang Fiqh, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 491; Ahmadinejad, "Qatle Amdi dar Huquqe Iran Wa Imamiyya, shafi na. 103; Al-Imam Al-Khomaini, Tahrir al-Wsilah, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 543.
  15. ↑ Al-Hashemi Al-Shahrodi, Farhang Fiqh, Juzu'i. 6, shafi. 492.
  16. ↑ Al-Hashemi Al-Shahrodi, Farhang Fiqh, Juzu'i. 6, shafi. 493.
  17. ↑ Movahedi Sawji, Barsi Tadbiqi Haqqe Hayate Az Didgahe Qur'an Wa Asnad Huquqe Bashar, shafi. 95; Sheikh Qara'ati, Tafsir Al-Nur, Juzu'i. shafi, shafi. 55.
  18. ↑ Movahedi Sawji, Barsi Tadbiqi Haqqe Hayate Az Didgahe Qur'an Wa Asnad Huquqe Bashar, shafi. 97
  19. ↑ Al-Hashemi Al-Shahrudi, Farhang Fiqh Persian, Juzu'i. 6, shafi. 496.
  20. ↑ Al-Madrasi, Tafsir al-Hadayat, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 313; Al-Hashimi al-Shahrudi, Farhang al-Fiqh, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 491; Al-Madrasi, Ahkame Shari'at Piramune Hayate Tayyiba, shafi na. 176.
  21. ↑ Al-Hashemi Al-Shahrudi, Farhang Fiqh Persian, Juzu'i. 6, shafi. 496.
  22. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Tafsir al-Amsal, Juzu'i. 12, shafi. 105.
  23. ↑ Makarem al-Shirazi, Ayinema (Asalush Shi'a), shafi. 289; Sheikh Qaraiti, Tafsir al-Nur, Juzu'i. 5, shafi. 55; Mo'ini, “Qatle”, shafi na 16-25.
  24. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Tafsir al-amsal, Juzu'i. 4, shafi. 68; Makarem Al-Shirazi, Ayinema (Aslush al-Shia), shafi. 289.
  25. ↑ Suratul Nisa’i, aya ta:93.
  26. ↑ Makarem al-Shirazi, Waletarin Bandegan, shafi na. 181.
  27. ↑ Shahabi, Edwar al-Fiqh, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 133; Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-tafseer al-amsal, Juzu'i. 4, shafi. 67.
  28. ↑ Lura: Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Tafsir alamsal, Juzu'i. 4, shafi. 355; Sheikh Qaraati, Tafsir al-Nur, vol. 5, shafi. 55.
  29. ↑ Allama Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Juzu'i. 5, shafi. 315.
  30. ↑ Sheikh Qaraati, Tafsir al-Nur, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 143; Sheikh Al-Sadooq, Sawabul A'amal Wa Iqabul A'amal, shafi na. 278; Al-Kafi, Juzu'i. 7, shafi. 274; Ibn Abi Jumhor, Awali al-Leale, Juzu'i. 1, shafi. 236.
  31. ↑ Sheikh al-Saduq, Man La Yahdrah al-Faqih, Juzu'i. 4, shafi. 96; Al-Harr al-Amili, Al-Wasal al-Shi'a, Juzu'i. 19, shafi. 4.
  32. ↑ Munzari, al-Targhib waal-Tarhib, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 201.
  33. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Payame Imam Amir al-Mominin, (A.S) juzu'i. 11, shafi. 121; Nahj al-Balagha, Sobhi Saleh, Risala 53, shafi. 443.
  34. ↑ Ahmadinejad, “Bazze Qatle Amdi Dar Huquq Iran Wa Fiqhe Imamiyya,” shafi. 104.
  35. ↑ Al-Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, Juzu'i. 42, shafi. 7; Movahedi Sawji, "Barsi tadbiqi Haqqe Hayate Az Didgahe Qur'anil Kareem Wa Asnade Bashar," shafi. 93.
  36. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-Tafsir Al-Amsal, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 607.
  37. ↑ Soleimani Maimandi, Barsi Tadbiqi Qatle Amdi Dar Huquqe Iran Wa Kanada, shafi. 42; Pirdadeh Beiranvand, “Barsi Mabani Fiqhe Majazat Qatle Amde, shafi na. 83.
  38. ↑ Andak, “Mutala'at Tadbiqi Kifare Qatle Amde Dar Qanune Majazat Iran Wa Iraq,” shafi na 35.
  39. ↑ Qatle Amde Wa Majzat An Dar Qanun Majazat Islami, Jaridar Etemad, Disamba 19, 2022, shafi. 10.
  40. ↑ «قانون مجازات اسلامی», Cibiyar Bincike na Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci.

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