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Algina'u

Daga wikishia

Algina'u ko ace waƙa (Larabci: الغِنَاء) tana nujfin fitar da sauti da janshi ta wata hanya ta masamman, an yi bincike kan hukuncin waƙa a fiƙihun Muslunci. Malaman fiƙihu sun bayyana waƙa ta hanya mabambanta wasu sun ambaci cewa ita waƙa shi ne mayar da sauti ce da kuma janshi, wasu kuma suka tafi kan cewa ita waƙa sauti ne wanda ya ƙunshi magana marar kyau da wanda ba ta kamata ba, tare da abin kaɗawa kuma ya dace da gurin wasa.

Mafi yawancin malaman Shi'a a ƙarni na goma sha huɗu da na goma sha biyar hijira, sun tafi kan cewa waƙa haramun ce, a bisa bayanin waƙa na biyu, wasu kuma sun yi fatawar cewa gaba ɗayayn waƙa haramun ce.

Waƙa A Wurin Malaman Fiƙihu

Malaman fiƙihu suna da bayani daban-daban a kan waƙa, wasu fitar da sauti kaɗai suna la'akari da shi a matsayin waƙa, amma wasu kuma sun bawa abin da waƙa ta ƙunsa muhimmanci. Bisa ra'ayin wasu kamar Allama Hilli da Muhaƙƙiƙ Karaki da Shahidus Sani sun ce abin da waƙa take nufi shi ne maimaita sauti da janshi,[1] amma wasu malaman kamar Shaik Ɗusi da Shaik Faizul Kashani, sun ce waƙa ita ce sautin da ya ƙunshi maganganu na wasa kuma ita waƙa ana gwamata da wasa da abubuwa da ba su dace ba.[2]

Hukuncin Waƙa A Fiƙihu

Wasu da cikin malamai sun tafi kan haramcin waƙa gaba ɗaya, kai sun faɗi cewa akwai ijma'i kan haramcin waƙa, daga ciki masu wannan ra'ayi akwai Shaik Ɗusi da Shahidus Sani da Sahibul Jawahir da Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi da Sayyid Abul Ƙasim Khuyi.[3] amma wasu kuma ba sa haramta waƙa a kankin kanta, suna cewa haramcin waƙa zai tabbata ne a lokacin da waƙar ta ƙunshi kiɗa da wasa wanda bai dace ba, daga cikin waɗanda suka tafi kan haka akwai Muhaƙƙiƙ Karaki(4) da Faizul Kashani,[4] da Muhaƙƙiƙ Sabzawari,[5] da Shaik Ansari,[6] da Imam Khomaini.[7]

Masu bincike suna cewa abin da yasa aka sami saɓani kan hukuncin waƙa ya samo asali ne daga fahimtar abin da ake nufi da waƙa a wurin ko wane maami, saboda wasu sun tafi kan cewa kiɗa da wasa a haɗe yake da ma'anar abin da ake nufi da waƙa, saboda haka suka yi hukunci da haramcin ta, amma wasu kuma sun bambanta tsakanin waƙa da ma'anar kiɗa da wasa, saboda haka ba sa tafiya kan haramta waƙa a kankin kanta.[8]

Wata Waƙa Ce Halal

Tabbas wasu daga cikin malaman fiƙihu sun yi togaciyar haramcin wasu daga cikin waƙoƙi, suka ce wasu waƙoƙi sun halatta a saurara, daga cikin akwai karatun kur'ani da yanayi irin na waƙa da yin zikiri da addu'a a yanayi irin na waƙa, da karanta musibar Ahlul-baiti (A.S) da waƙoƙi a yayin biki, waɗanda suka tafi kan rashin haramcin waƙa a kankin kanta sun ce waƙa ta halatta idan ba ta ƙunshi abin da ya haramta ba, kamar kiɗa da wasan da bai halatta ba.[9]

Fatawar Malaman Fiƙihu Ƙarni 14 Da 15

Mafi yawancin malaman fiƙihu na ƙarni na sha huɗu da sha biyar hijira, irinsu Ayatullahi Khamna'i da Mirza Jawad Tabrizi da Muhammad Fadil Lankarani da Nasir Makarim Shrazi, sun tafi kan cewa akwai bambanci tsakanin waƙa da music, waƙa ita ce sauti haɗe da kiɗa wanda yake dacewa da gurin wasa, amma music shi ne waƙa ta hanyar amfani da kayan kiɗa wanda suka dace da guraran wasanni, saboda haka yin waƙa da Mizik haramun ne.[10]

Gini kan haka mafi yawancin malamai suka tafi kan halaccin waƙa idan ba ta ƙunshi kiɗa ba kuma ta dace da guraran wasani ba. Tabbas Mirza Jawad Tabrizi ya yi fatawar Ihtiyaɗi na wajibi cewa mutum ya nisanci waƙa wadda ta ƙunshi maimaita sauti da janshi koda waƙar ba ta ƙunshi abin da yake baɗil ba (Abin da bai dace ba)[11]. Ayatullahi Safi Gullfaigani ya tafi kan haramcin waƙa da Mizik gaba ɗaya.[12]

Litattafan Da Aka Rubuta A Kan Waƙa Kaɗai

Tabas matsalar sauraran waƙa da mizik ya yawaita a cikin mutane haka ne ya sa malaman fiƙihu suka baiwa wannan abu muhimmanci inda suka rubuta risaloli masu zaman kansu kan abin da ya shafi waƙa, kuma aka tattara wannan risaloli cikin abin da aka kira waƙa da Mizik a shekara 1998 miladiyya, cikin wannan littafi ne aka ambaci yawan risalolin aka iya tarawa daga littafai daban-daban, amma yanzu wannan littafi babu shi, an ambaci risaloli 49 a lokacin mulkin Safawiyya kafin yin juyin juya hali na Musulinci a Iran a shekara ta 1979 miadiyya,[13] ga yadda wasu daga cikinsu suke:

  • Rasala Fi Tahlill Ghina Fil Kur'an, na Muhaƙƙiƙ Sabzawari wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1090 hijira.
  • Risala Fi Hurmati Ghina, na Hurrul Amili (ya rasu a shekara ta 1104)
  • Risala Fi Tahrimil Ghina, na Wahid Bahbahani (ya rasu a shekara ta 1205 hijira)
  • Risala Fil Ghina Wa Tahlilihi, na Faizul Kashani (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1091hijira)
  • Risala Fi Tahƙiƙ Alghina, na Mirzayi Ƙummi,(ya rasu a shekara ta 1231 hijira).

Littafin Waƙa Da Mizik

Wannan wani littafi ne na karatun Bahsul Karij wato marhalar karatu ta ƙololuwa wanda Ayatullahi Khamna'i ya yi kan waƙa da Mizik, mai sunaAlghina'u Wal Music, a wannan littafi a akwai hadisai kimanin ɗari da ya dogaro da su kan bayyana ma'anar waƙa da mizik ɗin da yake haramin, bisa ra'ayin Sayyid Ali Khamni'i a wannan littafi ya bayyana cewa waƙa ba haramun ba ce a kankin kanta, amma ma'auni wajan haramcinta shi ne gwama ta da haɗa ta da wasa da ɓata daga hanyar Allah.[14] kuma an buga littafin a shekara ta 1398 hijira Shamsiyya da harshan Farisanci yana ɗauke da shafi 560.[15]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Al-ʿAllāmah al-Ḥillī, Qawāʿid al-Aḥkām, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 495. Al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karakī, Jāmiʿ al-Maqāṣid, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 23 Ash-Shahīd ath-Thānī, Ar-Rawḍah al-Bahiyyah, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 212
  2. ↑ Aṭ-Ṭūsī, Al-Istibṣār, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 69. Al-Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Al-Wāfī, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 218
  3. ↑ Yūsufī Muqaddam, Pajūhish dar Ghināʼ, shafuffuka na 19–20
  4. ↑ Al-Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Al-Wāfī, juzu’i na 17, shafi na 218
  5. ↑ Al-Muḥaqqiq as-Sabzawārī, Kifāyat al-Aḥkām, juzu’i na 1, shafuffuka na 432–433
  6. ↑ Al-Anṣārī, Al-Makāsib al-Muḥarrama, juzu’i na 1, shafuffuka na 141–145
  7. ↑ Imām al-Khumaynī, Al-Makāsib al-Muḥarrama, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 299
  8. ↑ Yūsufī Muqaddam, Pajuheshi Dar Ghināʼ, shafuffuka na 22–31. Qāḍīzādah, “Ghināʼ Az Didgahe Islam,” shafuffuka na 337–341. Karīmī, “Barsi Ta'arif Maujud Dar Mauzu Ghinā” shafuffuka na 117–120
  9. ↑ Nūrī, Mūsīqī wa Ghināʼ Az Didgahe Islam. 239–269. Īzadī-Fard, “Pajuheshi Tahlili Piramune Mabani Fiqhi Ghināʼ wa Mūsīqī”, shafi na 74
  10. ↑ Mahmoudi, Masāʾil-e Jadīd az Didgāh-e ʿUlamā wa Marājiʿ Taqleed 48-52
  11. ↑ Mahmoudi, Masāʾil-e Jadīd az Didgāh-e ʿUlamā wa Marājiʿ Taqleed 48-52
  12. ↑ Mahmoudi, Masāʾil-e Jadīd az Didgāh-e ʿUlamā wa Marājiʿ Taqleed 80.
  13. ↑ Mukhtārī da Ṣādiqī, Al-Ghināʼ wa Al-Mūsīqā, juzu’i na 3, shafuffuka 2039–2041; juzu’i na 4, shafi na 22
  14. ↑ shafi na 452 daga littafin Al-Ghinā, na Sayyid Khamenei
  15. ↑ Mukaddimar littafin "Al-Ghināʼ" na Sayyid Khamenei

Nassoshi

  • Al-Ansari, Murtadha Al-Makāsib al-Muḥarramah, Al-Bay’ da Zabuka (Khiyārāt) An buga a Qum – Dar al-Dhakhā’ir – shekara ta 1411 hijira.
  • Ali Khamenei Ghināʼ (Waƙa) An buga a Tehran – Fiqh-e Rūz Publications – shekara ta 1398 ta zamani Shamsi (daidai da kusan 2019 Miladi).
  • Ruhollah Khomeini Al-Makāsib al-Muḥarramah An buga a Qum – Mu’assasat Tanzīm wa Nashr Āthār al-Imam al-Khomeini – bugun farko – 1415 hijira.
  • Shahīd Thānī (Zayn al-Dīn b. ‘Alī) Al-Rawḍa al-Bahiyya a cikin Sharh al-Lumaʿa al-Dimashqiyya Tare da ḥāshiya daga Muhammad Kalāntar – Maktabat Dāwarī, Qum – 1410 hijira.
  • Shaykh al-Ṭūsī (Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan) Al-Istibṣār An buga a Tehran – Dar al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya – shekara ta 1390 hijira.
  • Al-‘Allāma al-Ḥillī (al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf b. al-Muṭahhar) Qawāʻid al-Aḥkām (Ka’idojin Hukunci) An buga a Qum – Mu’assasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī – shekara ta 1413 hijira.
  • Fayḍ al-Kāshānī (Muḥammad b. Murtadha) Al-Wāfī, Bincike da gyara daga Ḍiyā’ al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī – An buga a Isfahan – Maktabat Imām Amīr al-Mu’minīn ‘Alī – shekara ta 1406 hijira.
  • Al-Muḥaqqiq al-Sabzawārī (Muḥammad Bāqir b. Mu’min) Kifāyat al-Aḥkām (Isar da Hukunci) An buga a Qum – Mu’assasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī – shekara ta 1423 hijira.
  • Al-Muhaqqi al-Karaki, Ali ibn Hussein, Jami' al-Maqassid, Qum, Mu'assasa ta Farfado da Al'adun Al-Baiti, 1414H.
  • Ezdifard, Ali Akbar da Hussein Kawiyar, Pajuhseshi Tahlili Piramune Mabani Fiqhi Gina'i Wa Muziqi, Fasalnameh Kawsahei Dinii, fitowa ta 6, Khaif da hunturu 1390.
  • Sadeghi, Mohsen dan Reza Mokhtari, Ghina wa Music, Qom, Islamic Publishing Foundation, 1377.
  • Qazizadeh, Kazem, Ghina Az Diggahe Isam, Fasalnameh Kawsahei Nou Dar Fiqh, fitowa ta 4 da ta 5, rani da kaka 1374.
  • Karimi, Abbas, Naqde Wa barsi Ta'arif Maujud Dar Mauzu'i Ghina, Kawsahei Dinir quarterly, issue 2, summer 1393.
  • Mahmoudi, Mohsen, Masa'il Jadid Az Didgahe Ulama Wa Maraji Taqlid, Varamin, Sahib al-Zaman Publications Scientific and Cultural, 2006.
  • Nuri, Mohammad Ismail, Music wa Ghina Az Didgahe Islam, Qom, Bustan Kitab Foundation, 2006.
  • Yousefi Moghadam, Mohammad Sadeq, Pajuhesh Dar Ghina Az Negahe Qur'an Wa riwayate Tafsir, Qom, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Musulunci da Al'adu, 2012.
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