Suratul Ƙadri

Daga wikishia
Suratul Kadri

Suratul Kadri (Larabci: سورة القدر) ko kuma ace Inna anzalnahu sura ce ta 97 cikin jerin surorin da suka sauka Makka cikin juzu’i na 30, an ciro sunanta daga aya ta farko cikin surar da take ishara kan saukar Alkur’ani a daren Lailatul Kadri da kuma muhimmancin wannan dare, wannan sura tana Magana kan girmama da falala da albarkoki da saukar Mala’ikun rahama cikin wannan dare,`yan shi’a sun kafa dalili da wannan aya kan larurar samuwar Imami Ma’asumi (A.S) a doran kasa har zuwa tashin Alkiyama. Mustahabbi ne karanta wannan sura cikin salloli biyar da ake a kullun, da kuma karanta sau dubu a daren Lalilatul Kadri a watan Ramadan, an nakalto cewa mafi falalar sura da ake karantawa a salloli bayan Fatiha da suratu Iklasi itace suratul Kadri

Gabatarwa

dalilin sa mata wannan suna Sanyawa wannan sura sunan (Kadri) ya kasance ne da isharar Allah zuwa ga saukar Kur’ani cikin daren Laillatul Kadri da kuma muhimmancin wannan dare da ya zo a aya ta farko cikinta, haka kuma ana kiranta da sunan (Inna anzalna) saboda da wannan kalma ne ma ta fara.[1]

Jeranta da kuma mahallin sauka:

Suratu Kadri tana daga surorin da suka sauka a Makka a tsarin jerantar sauka Kur'ani sura ce ta 25 da ta sauka ga Annabi (S.A.W) a yanzu wannan sura a tsarin jeranta surorin Mus'haf tana daga sura ta 97 cikin juzu’I 30. [2] ba’arin Malaman Tafsiri sakamakon wasu riwayoyi sun sanya tsammanin saukar ta a Madina, zamanin da Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi mafarki ya ga Banu Umayya a kan Mimbarinsa, da ya farka ya yi tsananin bakin ciki, da wannan dalili ne wannan sura ta sauko domin yaye masa damuwa da bakin ciki. [3]

Adadin ayoyi da wasu kususiyoyi na daban.

Suratul Kadri tana da ayoyi guda biyar da kuma kalmomi guda talatin da haruffa dari da sha hudu, wannan sura a mahangar girma tana daga surori Mufassilat da aka faifaice bayaninsu tana cikin curin matsakaitan kananan surori. [4]

Abinda ta kunsa

Gamammen abinda suratul Kadri ta kunsa shi ne bayani dangane da saukar Alkuur’ani cikin daren Lailatul Kadri da kuma bayanin girman daren da ya kasance ya fifici wata dubu da kuma saukar Mala’ikun rahama da Ruhu da ayyana makomar mutane da ishara kan saukar albarkoki [5] a mahangar Malaman tafsiri alherin da fifitar daren Lalilatul Kadri ya ksance daga janibin ibada saboda hadafin Kur’ani da kulawarsa ta musamman shi ne mutane su samu kusanci zuwa ga Allah madaukaki da wannan ake bukatar raya daren da ibada, da wannan ibada a daren Lailatul Kadri ta fifita kan ibadar wata dubu.[6] Abubuwan da ta kunsa [7] Muhimammancin hususiyar daren Lailatul Kadri.

  • Hususiya ta farko: aya ta 1-2
  • Saukar Kur’ani a daren Lailatul Kadri.
  • Hususiya ta biyu: aya ta 3.
  • Fifitar daren Lailatul Kadri kan watanni dubu.
  • Hususiya ta uku: aya ta 4
  • Kaddara dukkanin al’amurra a daren Lailatul Kadri.
  • Hususiya ta hudu: aya ta 5a.
  • Amfanuwar Muminai daga daren Lailatul Kadri.

Sha’anin saukarta

Gameda sha’anin saukar suratul Kadri ya zo cewa wata rana Annabi (S.A.W) yana bawa Sahabbansa kissar wani mutumi daga Banu Isra’ila da ya sanya kayan yaki tsawon wata dubu, sai Sahabbai suka yi mamaki matuka, bayan haka ne Allah ya saukar da suratu Kadri raya daren lailatu Kadri ya fifici wata dubu da aka sanya tufafin yaki cikin tafarkin Allah. [8]

Dangantakar daren Lailatul Kadri da Fatima Zahra (A.S)

Ya zo cikin wasu riwayoyi cewa daren Lailatul Kadri ya dabbaku kan Zahra (S.A) darensa shi ne Fatima, Kadri kuma Allah, lailatul Kadri ma’ana Fatima.a cikin wata riwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) yana cewa duk wanda ya ajiye Fatima a wannan mukami lallai zai kai ga samun sanin ko wacece ita kuma tabbas zai riski daren Lailatul Kadri, ana kiran Fatima da sunan Fatima ne sakamakon mutane sun gaza sanin wacece ita. [9]

Kafa hujja da dalili da suratul Kadri kan samuwar Imam Zaman (A.F)

Ya zo cikin litattafan riwaya na shi’a wata riwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W) da Imam Ali (A.S) da Imam Baƙir (A.S) an nakalto cewa Mala’ikun Allah a daren Lailatul Kadri suna sauka wurin waliyyai bayan Manzon Allah (S.A.W) wato Ali da mutane goma sha daya daga `ya`yansa kuma suna kiran `yan shi’a da suka kafa dalili da suratu Kadri kan samuwar Imam zaman (A.F) da kuma kasancewarsa a raye, saboda saukar Mala’iku a wannan dare domin kaddara shekara me zuwa bai kebantu da zamanin Annabi (S.A.W) ba, hakika Mala’ikun suna sauka ga magajin Annabi (S.A.W) wanda shi ne wannan mutumi da yafi kowa kama da Annabi (S.A.W) [10] da wannan ne yan shi’a suka dauki darasi da cewa shi dare Lailatul Kadri dare na kowanne zamani kuma tabbas ne Mala’iku suna sauka a cikin wannan dare, a gefe guda kuma wannan sauka ta su ta na bukatuwa da mahallin sauka da samuwar hujja cikin dukkanin zamani har zuwa tashin kiyama. [11]

Mana’ar lamari a cikin suratu Kadri

Allama Taba’taba’i dangane da (lamari) da ya zo cikin suratu Kadri ya rinjayar da tsammani kan cewa daya daga lamari yana daukar ma’anar duniyar umarni, da wannan ma’anar ayar zata kasance Mala’iku da Ruhu a daren Lailatul Kadri karkashin iznin ubangijinsu zasu fara sauka suna masu fitar duk wani lamarin ubangiji, da wannan tsammani harafin (min) zai kasance na farawa, daidai lokacin dai kuma zai sadar da sababi, tsammani na biyu zai kasance abinda ake nufi da lamari shi ne abubuwa da zasu faru , zai zamana kenan Mala’iku da Ruhu a cikin daren Lailatul Kadri suna sauka ne domin gudanar da dukkanin al’amura aka kaddara faruwarsu, sabod ahaka harafin (min) cikin jumlar مِنْ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ Daga kowanne al’amari, harafin zai kasance da ma’anar sababi da illa. [12]

Nukdodin fikhu cikin suratu Kadri dayantuwar ufki

Wasu cikin Fakihai tare da jingina da (Inna Anzalnahu fi Lailatil Kadri) sun yi Imani kan cewa idna aka ga wata a wanni yanki ya na zama hujja a sauran yankuna a dukkanin duniya, saboda daren Lailatul Kadri ai guda daya ne rak, dare ne da ake kaddara makomar kowanne mutum a bak dayan sasannin dukkanin duniya, kuma sananne ne cewa babu wanda zai iya cewa a wuri kaza ya bayyana band awuri kaza, saboda haka daren guda daya ne a fadin dukkanin duniya, na’am cikin amsa ga wannan da’awa wasu sunce wannan aya ta zo kawai domin bayanin saukar Kur’ani a daren Lailatul Kadri babu wani batun dayantar dare ko yawaitarsa.[13]

Karanta suratul Kadri cikin sallolin wajibi

Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) a cikin wata riwaya yana cewa: duk wanda ya karanta Inna Anzalnahu cikin daya daga sallolin farilla wani sauti na gaibu zai kira shi: ya kai bawan Allah, hakika Allah ya gafarta maka dukkanin zunubanka da ka aikata zuwa wannan lokaci, saboda haka saio ka sake sabon aiki [14] cikin ba’arin wasu riwayoyi Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) yana cewa: ina mamaki daga wanda baya karanta suratul Kadri cikin sallolinsa ta yaya sallolin za su samu karbuwa [15] hakika karfafawa ta zo kan mustahabbancin karanta suratul Kadri a raka’ar farko da kuma suratul Iklasi a raka’a ta biyu, ta kai ga hatta ma idan mutum ya rigaya ya fara karanta wasu surorin daban ba wadannan zai iya dagatawa ya koma karanta su zai samu ladan karatun duka biyu. [16]

Karanta suratul Kadri cikin sallar mustahabbi

Anyi umarni da karanta suratul Kadri cikin wasu ba’arin salloloin mustahabbi: Sallar Hazrat Rasulillahi (S.A.W) raka’a biyu kowacce raka’a ana karanta Fatiha kafa 1 da Inna Anzalnahu kafa goma sha biyar. [17] Sallar Hazrat Fatima (S.A) raka’a biyu raka’ar farko Fatiha kafa 1 Inna Anzalnahu kafa 100, raka’a ta biyu Fatiha kafa 1 suratul Iklasi kafa dari. [18] sallar daren farko da aka bizne mamaci, raka’a biyu, raka’ar farko Fatiha da Ayatul kursiyu, raka ta biyu Fatiha kafa daya da Inna Anzalnahu kafa goma. [19] Sallar farkon wata: raka’a biyu raka’ar farko Fatiha kafa 1 suratul Iklasi kafa 30, raka’a ta biyu Fatiha kafa 1 Inna Anzalnahu kafa talatin. [20]

Karanta suratul Kadri a lokuta da wurare mabanbanta

An nakalto daga Imam Jawad (A.S) cewa duk wanda a cikin dare yake karanta suratu Kadri kafa 76 a lokuta mabanbanta hakika Allah zai halittar masa Mala’iku dubu da zasu rubuta masa lada na shekara dubu dari uku da sittin sannan su nema masa gafara shekara dubu biyu,ta kaka ne karanta suratul Kadri kafa 76 a dare ya zama haka, 1 shi ne kafa bakwai lokacin hudowar Alfijir gabanin sallar Asubah, Mala’iku zasu aiko masa da sallama tsawon kwanaki shida, 2 kafa goma bayan sallar Asubahi, domin kasancewa cikin lamincin Allah tsawon wannan dare, 3 kafa goma lokacin Azuhur kafin nafilar Azuhur, domin Allah ya dube shi ya bude masa kofofin rahama 4 kafa 21 bayan nafilar Azuhur, domin Allah ya bashi gida a Aljanna mai tsayi da fadin zira’I tamanin mala’iku su nema masa gafara har zuwa tashin kiyama 5 kafa goma bayan sallar La’asar za a rubuta masa ladan ibadar dukkanin halittu, 6 kafa bakwai bayan sallar Isha’i zai kasance cikin lamincin Allah har zuwa Asubahi, 7 kafa sha biyar lokacin da zai je ya kwanta Allah zai sanya masa manyan Mala’iku gwargwadon adadin gashin kansa zasu dinga masa istigfari har zuwa ranar tashin kiyama. [21] Karanta suratul Kadri a daren Lailatul Kadri kafa 1000 a daren ashirin da uku ga watan Ramadan akwai kufaifayi da aka ambata a riwaya kan hakan, [22] a cikin wata riwaya ya zo cewa duk wanda ya karanta ta kafa bakwai a kan kabarin Mumini Allah zai aiko da Mala’ika ya bautawa Allah a wannan waje a baiwa wannan mutumi ladan ibadar, sannan lokacin da za a fito da wannan mamaci daga cikin kabari wannan Mala’iku zai tunkude masa razani da firgici har shigarsa Aljanna. [23]

kufaifayin baiwa

Poster na bitar rubutun suratul kadri

da yawa daga makarantan Kur’ani suna rangada mafi kyawunta karatu cikin wannan sura zaka ji kayataccen tajwidi lokacin da suke rera wannan sura. Sannan a fagen baiwa za ka samu kufaifayi da suke da dangantaka da wannan sura, fagen nuna tamsiliya 42 ayyukan nuna kayataccen rubutun hannu [24] da yake da alaka da wannan sura duka ana yin wannan shiye shirye a kasar Iran. Taswira daya [25] Wannan sura kari kan kasancewarta cikin jerin tafsirori Kur’ani da akayi tafsirin jerin surori, a wani lokaci zaka samu anyi tafsirin a ware ita kadai kamar yand awani lokacin kuma zaka samu cikin jerin surori, wasu ba’arin kebantattun taswirarta sune kamar haka:

  • Tafsirin suratul Kadri ta hannun Shahid Mutahhari. [26]
  • Barkahaye Mar’I az sureh kadri, wallafar Hidayatullahi Dalikani [27]
  • Tafsir sureh Kadri wallafar Muhammad rida Haj Sharifi Kunsari [28]
  • Tafsir Sureh Kadri ta hannun Imam Musa Sadar [29]
  • Tafsir Sureh Kadri wallafar Ali Safayi Hayiri.[30]

Falala da hususiyaya zo cikin riyawa cewa karanta wannan sura akwai lada mai ntarin yawa, an nakalto cewa mafi darajar sura a sallar farilla bayan Fatiha itace suratu Kadri da suratul Iklas, [31] an karbo daga Muhammad Baƙir (A.S) fifikon Imani wanda ya yi Imani da jumlar Inna Anzalnahu da tafsirinta da wanda basu da wannan Imani misalign fifikon mutum kan dabbobi yake. [32] Wata riwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) duk wanda ya karanta Inna Anzalnahu cikin sallolion farilla, wani sauti daga gaibu zai kira shi ya kai bawan Allah ya gafarta maka duk wani zunubi da ya aikata zuwa wannan lokaci, sai ya sake sabon aiki. [33]

Matani da Tarjama

بِسْمِ اللَّـهِ الرَّ‌حْمَـٰنِ الرَّ‌حِيمِ إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِى لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ‌ ﴿١﴾ وَمَا أَدْرَ‌اكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ‌ ﴿٢﴾ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ‌ خَيْرٌ‌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ‌ ﴿٣﴾ تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّ‌وحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَ‌بِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ‌ ﴿٤﴾ سَلَامٌ هِىَ حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ‌ ﴿٥﴾


Da sunan Allah mai Rahama Mai jin kai Hakika mun saukar da Kur’ani cikin daren Lailatul Kadri * me ka sani gameda daren lailatul Kadri* Lailatul Kadri yafi alheri daga wata dubu* Mala’iku suna sassauka da Ruhu cikinta da iznin ubangijinsu daga kowanne lamari* wannan dare zaman lafiya da sulhu yake kasancewa har zuwa Asubahi.


(Quran:SUratul Kadri)


Bayanan Kula

  1. ↑ Khorramshahi, “Suratu Qadr”, shafi na 1266.
  2. ↑ Khorramshahi, “Suratu Qadr”, shafi na 1266.
  3. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 330, shafi na 334.
  4. ↑ Khorramshahi, “Suratu Qadr”, shafi na 1266.
  5. ↑ Safavi, “Suratu Qadr”, shafi na 786.
  6. ↑ Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 332.
  7. ↑ Khamegar, Mohammad, Saktare Surahaye Kur'an Kareem, wanda Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kur'ani da Atrat Noor al-Saqlain, Qum, Nashra Publishing House, Ch1, 1392 suka shirya.
  8. ↑ Vahidi, Asabab Nuzul Kur'an, 1411 AH, shafi na 486.
  9. ↑ Kufi, Firat bin Ibrahim, Tafsirul Kufi, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 581.
  10. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 247-252.
  11. ↑ Rizvani, Mau'ud Shinasi Wa-Fasuk Shubhat, 2004, shafi na 287-288.
  12. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1394 AH, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 332
  13. ↑ Ibnul Arabi, Tafsiru Ibn Al-Arabi, 1422 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 418.
  14. ↑ Qomi, Mabani Minhaj al-Salehin, 1426 Hijira, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 231
  15. ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, Sawabul Amal wa-Ikabul Amal, 1406 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 124.
  16. ↑ Hurru Amili, wasael al-Shia, Mujalladi na 4, shafi na 761.
  17. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem, Al-Arwa Al-Wathaghi, Mujalladi na 2, shafi na 146.
  18. ↑ Kafami, al-Mesbah, 1405 AH, shafi na 409.
  19. ↑ Kafami, al-Mesbah, 1405 AH, shafi na 410.
  20. ↑ Majlisi, Zadul al-Ma'ad, 1423H, shafi na 581.
  21. ↑ Tusi, Misbah al-Mutahajjid, 1411H, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 523.
  22. ↑ Alameh Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 92, shafi na 329.
  23. ↑ Al-Iqbal, Sayyid Ibn Tavus, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 382.
  24. ↑ Nouri, Mustardak al-Wasail, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 371.
  25. ↑ Sadouq, Man La Yahdrah al-Faqih, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 181
  26. ↑ http://www.iqna.ir/fa/news/3273235/
  27. ↑ http://ferdos.farhangsara.ir/tabid/1125/ArticleId/33882/.aspx
  28. ↑ Motahari, Majmu'eh Asar, 2009, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 685.
  29. ↑ Talghani, Barkinare Qadr, 1377.
  30. ↑ Haj Sharifi Khansari, Tafsir Suratu Qadr, 1388.
  31. ↑ Safai Haeri, Sharh Suratu Qadr, 2008.
  32. ↑ Sadr, Tafsir Alqur'an, Qadr, Imam Musa Sadr Cultural Research Institute.
  33. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 315.

Nassoshi

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