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Daƙiƙa:Shan Giya

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia


Shan giya, (Larabci: شرب الخمر) ma'ana shan duk wani abu da yake sanya maye, a Muslunci shan giya yana daga manya-manyan zunubai. Kan asasin kur'ani, riwayoyi da ijma'in malaman fiƙihu, shan duk wani nau'in giya haramun ne, babu bambani giyar da aka yi daga inibi, dabino, bushasshen inibi ko daga wani abu daban. Malaman fiƙihu suna ɗaukar mashayin giya a matsayin fasiƙi, haramun ne a ba shi zakka, kuma ba a karɓar shaida daga gare shi.

An yi bayanin haramcin giya a cikin kur'ani. A fiƙihun Muslunci an tanada hukunci na haddi ga duk wanda aka samu ya sha giya za a masa bulala tamanin. Na'am idan aka samu wani mutum ya sha giya amma sai ya zamanto ya tuba kafin masu ba da shaida su ba da shaida, to ba za a masa hukunci ba.

Haramcin Shan Giya

Shan giya ko barasa yana nufin shan duk wani abu ruwa-ruwa da yake sanya maye.[1] A Muslunci shan giya haramun ne[2] kuma ana lissafa shi cikin manya-manyan zunubai.[3] Haramcin shan barasa yana daga cikin mas'aloli da aka sallama kansu, baki ɗayan Musulmi suka yi ittifaƙi a kansu, kuma ana lissafa su cikin laruran addini; da yanayin da ace wani zai halasta shan giya, za a lissafa shi cikin kafirai.[4] A cikin ayoyin kur'ani, an ambaci giya da sunan khamru.[5] Cikin litattafan fiƙihu an magana kan shan giya da wannan ma'ana.[6]

Ba'arin Hukunce-hukuncen Fiƙihu Game da Shan Giya

Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, duk wani abun sha da yake sanya maye da buguwa, daga ko wane irin sinadari ne ya kasance misalin giya daga inibi (Khamru), dabino (Nabiz) bushasshen inibi (Naƙi'u, giyar zuma (Bit'u), sha'ir (Mizru), munsif (Wanda aka yi ta daga nono) Fazikh (Wani nau'i ne na nabiz) da alkama da masara, dukkaninsu suna da hukunci ɗaya a shari'a kuma haramun ne shan su.[7]

Malaman fiƙihu suna ɗaukar mai shan giya a matsayin fasiƙi[8] cikin al'amuran da ake buƙatar adalci misalin ba da shaida, ba a sanya mashayin giya.[9] Kan asasin riwayoyin Muslunci, ba ya halasta a sha giya hatta cikin halin taƙiyya.[10]

Muhaƙƙiƙ Bahrani, ɗaya daga cikin malaman Shi'a Imamiyya a ƙarni na sha biyu hijira, yana ganin baya halasta a bawa mashayin giya zakka.[11] Sahibul Jawahir, malamin fiƙihu a Shi'a a ƙarni na sha uku, tare da jingina da wata riwaya, ya bijiro da makaruhancin aure tare da fasiƙi, sannan yana ganin tsanantuwar hakan kan mashayin giya, ya ce a cikin riwayoyi[12] ya zo cewa aure tare da mashayin giya yana daidai da yanke zumunci.[13]

Zargi Ya Zo Cikin Riwayoyi Kan Shan Barasa

Cikin riwayoyin Muslunci, an yi bayanin wasu al'amura musamman game da munanar shan giya da kuma yadda ake mu'amala da mashaya giya. Daga jumla ya zo cewa ba a karɓar sallar mashayin giya har tsawon kwanaki arba'in kuma shan giya ya fi barin sallah muni.[14] Haka nan, an kamanta mashayin giya da kafiri da mai bautar gumaka, kuma an ce an haramta masa samun ceto da shiga aljanna. Haka nan a cikin fagen alaƙoƙin zamantakewa ya zo cewa ba ya halasta a yi masa sallama, zuwa dubiyarsa idan ba shi da lafiya da kuma halartar jana'izarsa.[15]

Lokaci Da Yadda Aka Sanar Da Haramcin Shan Giya A Muslunci

Babban labari: Haramta Giya

Game da lokaci da yadda aka sanar da hukuncin haramta shan giya, akwai mabambantan mahangu guda biyu: (Haramtawa lokaci guda) da (Haramtawa mataki-mataki). Saɓani na asali na wannan mahangu guda biyu yana komawa ne ga kasancewa ayar haramcin giya ta sauka ne a Makka[16] ko a Madina.[17]

  • Kan asasin mahanga ta farko, haramta shan giya ya faru lokaci guda a Makka, masu goyan bayan wannan mahanga sun jingina da ayoyin da suka sauka a Makka,[18]riwayoyi,[19] shaidu na tarihi[20] da dalilai na hankali.[21]
  • Bisa mahanga ta biyu, haramta giya ya faru ne mataki-mataki sannu-sannu cikin adadin wasu marhaloli. Wannan ra'ayi ne da Ahlus-Sunna da wasu adadi daga malaman Shi'a suka yarda da shi.[22] Ahlus-Sunna a wannan fage suna jingina da aya daga Kur'ani,[23] Siyasar bi a sannu-sannu cikin shar'anta hukunce-hukunce[24] da kuma kare matsayin sahabbai.[25]

Falsafa Da Hikimar Haramta Shan Giya A Riwayoyin Muslunci

Ayatullah Burujerdi:
Cikin amsar da ya bawa wani likita ɗanƙasar Seweden game da haramcin giya: Fifikon mutum kan dabbobi yana cikin hankali shi kuma alkohok maƙiyi ne ga hankali, kuma sakamakon ɗan'Adam yana son ƙaruwa da neman daɗi, da wannan dalili ne, idan a yau ya sha cokali guda, gobe biyu zai sha, da sannu-sannu zai kai ga shan kwalaba guda..[26]

Cikin riwayoyin Muslunci an yi bayani game da dalilan haramta giya. Ba'arinsu sun kasance kamar haka:

  • Tana tafiyar hasken zuciya da ruhi[27]
  • Tana haifar da raurawa da girgiza a jikin mutum;[28]ukan haramun;[29]
  • Tana janyo son zubar da jini da aikata zina;[30]
  • Tana janyo raguwar hankali da rugujewarsa.[31]

Hukuncin Uƙuba Na Shan Giya

Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, idan mutum baligi mai hankali tare da sanin hukuncin haramcin giya, ya sha giya, wajibi ne a tsayar da hukuncin haddi na wanda ya sha giya a kansa.[32] Haddin shan giya a shari'a shi ne bulala tamanin.[33] Muhaƙƙiƙ Ardabili, ɗaya daga malaman fiƙihu na imamiyya a ƙarni na sha uku hijira, ya tafi kan cewa malamai sun yi ijma'i kan haramcin giya.[34]

Shan giya yana tabbatuwa ta hanya biyu ko dai wanda ya sha ya yi iƙrari sau biyu ko kuma adalai biyu su ba da shaida kan shan giyar da ya yi.[35] Na'am idan wanda ya sha giya kafin masu ba da shaida su bayar da shaida a kansa sai ya tuba, to haddi ya faɗuwa daga kansa; amma tuba bayan tsayar da shaida a kansa ba ta saukar da hukunci daga kansa.[36]

Malamai sun yi bayani cewa ana tsayar da haddin kan wanda ya sha giya bayan ya wartsake daga mayen giya ya dawo cikin hayyacinsa.[37] Haka kuma bisa fatawar malamai, idan ya zamana duk lokacin da ya sha giya ana tsayar masa da haddi idan ya yi ta maimaitawa to a karo na uku za a kashe shi[38] Amma idan ya zamana ya sha giya lokuta da dama kuma ba a tsayar masa da haddi ba, to idan za a zartar da haddi kansa za a zartar da guda ɗaya ne rak ya kuma wadatar.[39] Idan wani ya sha giya bisa larura domin kare ransa ko neman tsira daga wani ciwo, ba za a tsayar da haddin shari'a a kansa ba.[40]

Maƙaloli Masu Alaƙa

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Hashim Shahrudi, Farhange Fiqhe, 1426q, sh 634.
  2. ↑ Allama Hilli, Tahrirul Ahkamil Shar'iyya ala Mazhabil Imamiyya, 1420q, j 5 sh 323.
  3. ↑ Shaik Saduƙ, Man La yahduruhul Faƙihu, 1413q, j 3 sh 571. Shaik Saduƙ, Sawabul A'amal, 1406q, sh 479; Allama Tabataba'i, Almizan Fi Tafsiril Kur'an, 1374shamsi, j 2 sh 195, da j 6 131-135
  4. ↑ Alal misali ku duba: Najafi, jawahirul Kalam, 1404q, j 36 sh 373, Imam Khomaini, Tahrirul Wasila, 1392shamsi, j 2 sh 157.
  5. ↑ Aya ta 219 Suratul Bakara, aya ta 90 Suratul Ma'ida.
  6. ↑ Alal misali ku duba: Bahbani, Arrasa'ilul Fikhiyya, 1378shamsi, sh 79; Naraki, Awa'idul Ayyam, 1417q, sh 57.
  7. ↑ Ku duba Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1404q, j 41 sh 46. , Imam Khomaini, Tahrirul Wasila, 1392shamsi, j 2 sh 454.
  8. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1404q, j 41 sh 46.
  9. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1404q, j 41 sh 47
  10. ↑ Majlisi, Biharul Anwar, 1403q, j 63, sh 495.
  11. ↑ Bahrani, Hada'iƙul Nadira, 1363shamsi, j 12, sh 209.
  12. ↑ Hurrul Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, 1409q, j 14 sh 53.
  13. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1404q, j 30 sh 115.
  14. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407q, j 6 sh 400-401; Majlisi, Biharul Anwar, 1403q, j 63 sh 488.
  15. ↑ Misali ku duba:Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407q, j 6 sh 396-398
  16. ↑ Allama Tabataba'i, Almizan Fi tafsiril Kur'an, 1376shamsi, j 4, sh 359-361. da j 6, sh 134 da j 18 sh 62-63.
  17. ↑ Misali duba: Kurtubi, Al-Jami'u Li Ahkamil Kur'an, 1364shamsi, j 6, sh 286.
  18. ↑ Allama Tabataba'i, Almizan Fi tafsiril Kur'an, 1374shamsi, j 6, sh 135.
  19. ↑ Hurrul Amili, Tafsilu Wasa'ilush Shi'a, 1409q, j 25, sh 304, Shaik Saduƙ, Al-Amali, 1417q, sh 502.
  20. ↑ Misali ku duba Ibn Hisham, Assiratun Nabawiyya, Darul Marifa, j 1 sh 260; Dinuri, Asshi'iru Wash Shu'ara, 1423q, j 1 sh 250.
  21. ↑ Malaki Miyanji, Bada'i'ul Kalami Fi Tafsir Ayatil Ahkami, 1400q, sh 29.
  22. ↑ Misali ku duba: Subhani, Masadirul Fikhil Islami Wa Manabi'ihu, 1419q, sh 16; Mugniyya Attafsirul Kashif, 1424q, j 1, sh 328, Kurtubi, Aljami'u Li Ahkamil Kur'an, 1364shamsi, j 6, sh 286.
  23. ↑ Misali ku duba: Tabari, Jami'ul Bayan Fi Tafsiril Kur'an, 1412q, j 2, Alkasshaf an haqa'iq Gawamidit Tanzil, 1407q, j 1, sh 259-260
  24. ↑ Fakhrur Razi, Attafsirul Kabir, 1420q, j 1, sh 396
  25. ↑ Ibn Abidin, Hashiyatu Raddil Muhtar Alad Durril Mukhtar, 1415q, j 4, sh 202.
  26. ↑ «خاطره آیت‌الله سبحانی از یادداشت علامه طباطبایی برای کنگره مبارزه با مشروبات الکی«؛ Shafin yanar gizo na jaridar Shafaqna.
  27. ↑ Shaik Saduƙ, Ilalush Shara'i, 1385q, j 2 sh 476
  28. ↑ Shaik Saduƙ, Ilalush Shara'i, 1385q, j 2 sh 476
  29. ↑ Shaik Saduƙ, Ilalush Shara'i, 1385q, j 2 sh 476
  30. ↑ Shaik Saduƙ, Ilalush Shara'i, 1385q, j 2 sh 476
  31. ↑ Sharif Radi, Nahjul Balaga, 1414q, sh 512.
  32. ↑ Misali ku duba: Tabataba'i, Riyadul Masa'il, 1422q, j 13 sh 544-547; Imam Khomaini, Tahrirul Wasila, 1392shamsi, j 2 sh 453-455.
  33. ↑ Misali ku duba: Muhakkik Hilli, Almukhtasar Nafi, 1410q, sh 222
  34. ↑ Mukaddas Ardabili, Majma'ul Fa'ida Wal Burhan, 1403q, j 13 sh 190.
  35. ↑ Imam Khomaini, Tahrirul Wasila, 1392shamsi, j 2 sh 456.
  36. ↑ Imam Khomaini, Tahrirul Wasila, 1392shamsi, j 2 sh 456.
  37. ↑ Misali ku duba: Imam Khomaini, Tahrirul Wasila, 1392shamsi, j 2 sh 455
  38. ↑ Misali ku duba: Khuyi, Mabani Takmilatul Minhaj, 1976m, j 1 sh 275; Imam Khomaini, Tahrirul Wasila, 1392shamsi, j 2 sh 456
  39. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1404q, j 41, sh 462; Tabataba'i Karbalayi, Riyadul Masa'il, 1422q, j 13 sh 553.
  40. ↑ Imam Khomaini, Tahrirul Wasila, 1392shamsi, j 2 sh 454

Nassoshi

  • «خاطره آیت‌الله سبحانی از یادداشت علامه طباطبایی برای کنگره مبارزه با مشروبات الکی«؛
  • Allama Hilli, Hassan Bin Yusuf, Tahrirul Ahkamish Shar'iyya Ala Mazhabil Imamiyya, Qom, Mu'assase Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), bugu na farko, 1420H.
  • Allama Tabataba'i, Sayyid Muhammad Husaini, Tarjame Tafsiril Al-Mizan, Qom Jami'a Mudarrisin Hauze Qom, bugu na biyar, 1417H.
  • Ayyashi, Muhammad Bin Mas'ud Tafsirul Ayyashi, Tehran, Al-mutabba'a Al-ilmiyya, bugu na farko, 1380H.
  • Bahbahani, Muhammad Baƙir, Arrasa'ilul Fiƙihiyya Mu'assatu Allama Almujaddidul Tauhid Albahabani, 1378shamsi.
  • Bahrani, Yusuf Bin Ahmad, Alhada'iƙ Annadira Fi Ahkamill Itra Tahira, Tahƙiƙ, Muhammad Taƙiyyu Irawani,Qom, Nashru Jamieh Mudarrisin Hauze Ilimiyya Qom, bugu na farko, 1363shamsi.
  • Dinuri, Ibn Kutaiba, Ash-Shi'ru Wash Shu'ara, Qahira, Nashru Daril hadis, 1423H.
  • Fakhrur Razi, Muhammad Bin Umar, Attafsirul Kabir, Bairut, Darul Ihya Trurasil Arabi, bugu na farko, 1380H.
  • Hurrul Amili, Muhammad Bin Hassan, Tafsil Wasa'ilish Shi'a Ila Tahsil Masa'ilish Shari'a, Tahƙiƙ Wa Tashih Group na reseachers Muassase Alu Baiti, Qom, bugu na farko, shekara 1409H.
  • Ibn Abi Hatim, Abdur-Rahman Bin Muhammad, Tafsirul Kur'anil Azeem, Riyad, Maktaba Nazar Mustafa Albaz, 1419Q.
  • Ibn Abidin, Muhammad Amin, Hashiyatu Raddil Mukhtar Alad Durril Mukhtar Sharhu Tanwiril Absari Fi Fikhi Mazhabil Imam Abi Hanifa Annu'uman, Bairut, Darul Fikri, 1415H.
  • Ibn Hisham, Abdul-Malik Bin Hisham, Assiratun Nabawiyya, Tas'hihu: Ibrahim Abyari, Bairut, Darul Ma'arifa, babu shekara.
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  • Kulaini, Muhammad Bin Yaƙub, Al-Kafi, Tahƙiƙi Ali Akbar Gafari da Muhammad Akundi, Tehran, Darul Kutbil Islamiyya, bugu na hudu, 1407H.
  • Kurtubi, Muhammad Bin Ahmad, Aljami Li Ahkamil Kur'ani, Tehran, Nashar Nasir Khosro, 1364shamsi.
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Baƙir, Biharul Anwari Aljami'atu Ludararil Akhbari A'immati Athari, Bairut, Daru Ihya'il Turasil Arabi, bugu na biyu, 1403H.
  • Malaki Miyanji, Muhammad Baƙir, Bada'i'ul Kalami Fi Tafsiri Ayatil Ahkami, Bairut, Mu'assasatul Wafa, 1400H.
  • Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhil Islami, Farhange Fiƙhe Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Baiti (A.S), Qom, Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arifil Islami, bugu na farko, 1387shamsi.
  • Mugniyya, Muhammad Jawad, Attafsirul Kashif, Tehran, Darul Kutubil Islamiyya, 1424H.
  • Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Jafar Bin Hassan, Al-Mukhtasarul Nafi Fi Fiƙhil Imamiyya, Tehran, sashen nazarin ilimin Muslunci ƙarƙashin cibiyar Bi'isa, bugu na uku, 1410H.
  • Muƙaddasul Ardabili, Ahmad, Majma'ul Fa'ida Wal Burhan Fi Sharhi Irshadil Azhani, gyara:Mujtaba Iraƙi, Qom, Mu'ssase Nashar Islami, 1403H.
  • Samaraƙandi, Nasru Bin Muhammad, Tafsir Assamaraƙandi: Bahrul Ulumi, tahƙiƙi: Umar Amrawi, Bairut, Darul Fikri, 1416H.
  • Shaik Saduƙ, Muhammad Bin Ali, Al-Amali, Qom, Mu'assase Al-bi'isa, bugu na farko, 1417H.
  • Sharif Radi, Muhammad Bin Husaini, Nahjul Balaga (Subhi Salih), Qom, Darul Sharif Radi, bugu na biyu, 1406H.
  • Subhani, Jafar, Masadirul Fiƙhil Islami Wa Manabi'ihu, Bairut, Darul Adwa'i, 1419H.
  • Suyuɗi, Abdur-Rahman Bin Abi Bakar, Addurul Mansur Fi Tafsir Bil Ma'asuri, Bairut, Darul Fikri, babu shekara.
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  • Zamakshari, Mahmud Bin Umar, Alkasshaf An Haƙa'iƙi Gawamid Attanzil, gyara: Muhammad Abdul-Salam Shahin, Bairut, Darul Kutubil Arabi, bugu na uku, 1407H.
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Shafin kamfanin dillancin labarai na Shafaqna, tarihin ziyra: 1 ga watan 3 shekarar 1403 kalandar Farisa.

Sadarwa Ta Waje

Abin nufi da shan giya

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