Tattalin Arziƙin Juriya

Tattalin Arziƙin Juriya wata kalma ce a fannin tattalin arziƙi wadda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da tattalin arziƙin Musulunci. Bisa wannan ra'ayi, ana iya sarrafa matsin tattalin arziƙi da ake fuskanta a lokacin rikice-rikice, sannan a wani ɓangaren kuma zai haifar da sakamako mai kyau ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa; kamar ƙarfafa ƙirƙirar ayyukan yi, kawo sauyi da ci gaban tattalin arziki, da kuma haɓɓaka jarin zamantakewa wanda da turanci ake kiransa (Social capital)

An fara gabatar da wannan tunani ne karo na farko ta hannun Abbas Ma'arif, masanin falsafa kuma mai tsara ra'ayoyi ɗan Iran (Rasuwa:2002M), a shekarar 1997M. Amma daga baya, saboda jaddadawar Sayyid Ali Khamna'i, jagoran Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, tun daga shekarar 2010M, an fara ɗaukar wannan tunani a matsayin wata hanya ta ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi domin kawar da tasirin takunkumin tattalin arziƙi da ƙasashen waje suka daƙarawa Iran. Game da wannan ra'ayi na tattalin arziki, an rubuta littattafai da bincike da dama.

Muhimmanci Da Matsayi

Daya daga cikin ayyukan tattalin arzikin juriya shi ne magance matsalolin gaggawa (economic shocks) da ka iya afkawa tattalin arziki. Sassaucin tsarin wannan ra'ayi yana sa tattalin arziƙi ya iya jurewa manyan matsalolin tattalin arziƙi, kuma a matsayin wani tsari na dogon lokaci zai iya sauya ginshiƙan tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Saboda wasu ƙa'idojin tattalin arziƙi a Musulunci suna da daidaito da ra'ayin tattalin arzikin juriya, wasu masana suna ganin cewa tushen tattalin arziƙin Musulunci yana da alaƙa da wannan tsari. Daga cikin irin waɗannan ƙa'idoji akwai: ƙa'idar nafyus sabil (Hana kafirai rinjaye kan Musulmi), hana lalata tsarin zamantakewa, hana Israfi da Itraf da almubazzaranci da ɓarna wajen kashe kuɗi.

Sayyid Ali Khamna'i jagoran jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran fara amfani da kalmar tattalin arzikin juriya a ranar 7 Satumba 2010M. Gabanin haka, Abbas Ma'arif ya riga ya gabatar da wani shiri mai wannan suna ga gwamnatin Iran a 1997M. Bayan jagoran Iran ya yi amfani da wannan kalma, ta ja hankalin jama'a da cibiyoyi da dama, wanda ya sa aka kafa cibiyoyi da shirye-shirye masu yawa a wannan fanni; kamar kafa makarantar koyar da tattalin arzikin juriya ta yanar gizo, da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu bin diddigi da sa idanu kan aiwatar da manufofinta a hukumar shari'a. Rubutu kan siyasoshi da adadin ayyuka a wannan fage suna cikin matakai da aka ɗauka.

Daga cikin sakamakon da ake dangantawa da tattalin arzikin juriya akwai: rage rashin aikin yi, ƙaruwa da ingancin aikin ma'aikata, ƙaruwa da jarin zamantakewa (Social capital) daidaituwar ci gaban tattalin arziki, da kuma bambancin hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga daga fitar da kaya. Kan asasin bincike d aka yi kan yadda aka sanar da manufofin tattalin arzikin juriya a Iran da kuma yadda aka aiwatar da su Daga shekarar 2010M da bayanta a cikin Iran, bisa la'akari da ya nuna cewa wasu alamomin tattalin arziƙi an ɗan samu ci gaba.kamar misalin bunƙasa tsarin kuɗi da bankuna, shigar jama'a cikin harkokintattalin arziki, bunƙasa kamfanonin ilimi-tushen da ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi na cikin gida, daga cikin babban dalilin dalilin samar da wannan tsari shi ne fuskantar takunkumin tattalin arziƙi da aka ƙaƙaba wa Iran, inda aka samu nasarori kamar dogaro da ƙarfin cikin gida da rage buƙatar waje.

Ma'ana Da Misalai

An bayyana ma'anar tattalin arzikin juriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A mahangar da fahimtar Sayyid Ali Khamna'i, tattali arziƙi na gwagwarmaya shi ne tattalin arziƙin da, tare da tsayawa ƙyam kan yaƙar matsin lambar maƙiya, zai iya kawo ci gaba da bunƙasar ƙasa. Wato tattalin arziƙi da yake da ƙarfin juriya ta ciki, ta yadda sauye-sauyen duniya ba za su cutar da shi ba. Cibiyar nazarin tattalin arƙikin Musulunci ta hauzar ilimi ta Ƙum ta bayyana tattalin arzikin juriya a matsayin: "tattalin arziƙi da ya samo asali daga al'adun juyin juya hali da na Musulunci, wanda ke ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi a gaban barazanar tsarin mulkin duniya tare da tabbatar da ci gaban tattalin arziki." Haka kuma, ana kiran jerin manufofida siyasoshin tattalin arziƙi da aka gina bisa tsarin gida, al'adu da ilimi a jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran da suna tattalin arzikin juriya.

An gabatar tattalin arzikin juriya da fassara shi cikin adadin sasanni a cikin bayanan Sayyid Ali Khamna'i, daga cikin misalan tattalin arzikin juriya akwai: rage tsawon lokacin aiwatar da shirye-shirye na tattalin arziƙi, gujewa yanke shawara na gaggawa ba tare da tsari ba, samar da dokoki don rage dogaro da ƙasashen waje, mayar da hankali kan shirye-shirye na dogon lokaci, tallafa wa kamfanonin ilimi-tushen, da ƙara amfani da kayayyakin da ake samarwa a cikin gida.

Sayyid Ali Khamna'i, wanda ya kasance daga mutane da suka samar tunanin tattali arziƙi na gwagwarmaya, yana cewa: wannan tsarin tattalin arziki wani tsari ne na kimiyya da ya dace da Iran, wanda yake daga cikin tattalin arzikin da ke fitowa daga ƙarfin cikin gida, amma fa bai kasance tattalin arzikin da ya rufe kansa ga duniya ba; a a yana neman ci gaba da faɗaɗa. Adil Paiƙami daga Jami'ar Imam Sadiƙ ya na da ra'ayin cewa tattali arziƙi na gwagwarmaya ba lallai ya zama tattalin arziƙi daga matsayi na rauni ko kariya kawai ba. Saboda haɗa tattalin arzikin ilimi-tushen a cikinsa, yana iya zama ma tattalin arziƙi mai tsarin kai farmaki wajen ci gaba.