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Ayar Ƙazafi

Daga wikishia

Wannan maƙala ce game da ƙazafi da maganarsa ta zo a Alƙur'ani, domin sanin mene ne ƙazafi da kuma hukunce-hukuncensa, ku duba shafin Ƙazafi.

Ayar Ƙazafi
bayanan aya
sunan ayaAyar Ƙazafi
akwai shi cikin suraNur
bayanan abin da yake ciki
game daTuhumar zina da Luwaɗi ba tare da shaida


Ayar Ƙazafi ko Aya Ta 4 Suratun Nur, tana daga ayoyin hukunce-hukunce wace take bayanin haramcin ƙazafi da kuma hukuncin haddi da ake yi kansa. Ƙazafi yana nufin tuhumar wani mutum da aikata zina ko luwaɗi. Bisa wannan aya, duk wanda ba tare da kawo shaidu guda huɗu ba sai ya tuhumi wata mace tsaftatacciya kamammiya da aikata zina, za a masa hukunci da bulala tamanin, wannan mutumi ana ɗaukarsa matsayin fasiƙi kuma ba za a sake karɓar shaida daga gare shi ba.

Gabatar Da Aya Da Matsayinta A Ilimomin Musulunci

Aya ta 4 Suratun Nur aya ce da aka fi sanin da sunayen "Ayar Ƙazafi"[1] "Ayar Ramyi"[2] haka kuma ana kiranta da "Ayar Haddin Ƙazafi"[3] Ƙazafi, yana nufin zargin wani mutum da aikata zina ko luwaɗi.[4] Ayar Ƙazafi tana cikin ayoyin hukunce-hukunce, cikin bahasosi da bincike na fiƙihu musamman a hukunce-hukuncen haddodi na shari'a, ana dogara da ita sosai[5] Malaman fiƙihu tare da dogara da wannan aya, suna ganin haramcin yin ƙazafi abu ne da da dukkanin Musulmi suka yi ijma'i a kansa.[6]

An kuma ba wannan aya muhimmanci a fannin ilimomin Alƙur'ani. A cikin littattafan ilimomin Alƙur'ani, ana amfani da Ayar Ƙazafi wajen bayyana ra'ayin cewa hukunce-hukuncen Alƙur'ani ba su taƙaita ga dalilan saukar ayoyi kawai ba. Saboda haka, ko da yake an saukar da wata aya ne dangane da wani lamari na musamman da wasu mutane takamaimai, hukuncinta na iya kasancewa na gama-gari, wanda ya shafi dukkan Musulmi.[7]

وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ


Waɗanda suke yi wa mata masu kamun kai zargin zina, sannan ba su kawo shaidu huɗu a kan zarginsu ba, ku yi musu bulala tamanin, kuma kada ku sake karɓar shaidarsu har abada. Waɗannan kuwa su ne fasiƙai. (Suratun Nur, aya ta 4)


َA cikin wasu madogaran sababin sauka, an bayyana waƙi'ar ifku matsayin sanadin saukar aya ta 4 Suratun Nur[8] Saɓanin haka, Muhammad Jawad Mugniyya ɗaya daga cikin malaman tafsiri ɗan ƙasar Lebanon yana cewa mafi yawan malaman tafsiri da malaman tarihi, suna ɗaukar aya ta 11 zuwa 20 Suratun Nur a matsayin ayoyi da suke da alaƙa da waƙi'ar ifku.[9] A cikin wasu rahotanni daban ma an bayyana sababin saukar Ayar Ƙazafi matsayin al'amarin da yake da alaƙa da labarin Hilal Bin Umayya da zargin da ya yi wa matarsa.[10]

Ma'anar Ayar

Ayar Ƙazafi ta bayyana hukunci guda uku da aka tanada ga mutanen da suka zargi mata masu kamai kansu da aikata zina ba tare da kuma sun zo da shaidu guda huɗu ba: daga cikin wannan hukunci akwai bulala tamanin, rashin sake karɓar shaida daga gare su da kuma ɗaukarsu a matsayin fasiƙai.[11] A cewar Nasir Makarim Shirazi, mawallafin Tafsir Namuna, tsananin wannan hukunci yana nuna irin muhimmancin da mutuncin mutane yake da shi a Musulunci.[12] Wannan tsanani ya fi bayyana idan aka yi la'akari da cewa a yawancin laifuffuka, shaidar shaidu biyu tana wadatar wa, amma domin tabbatar da zargin zina, ana buƙatar shaidu huɗu.[13]

A cewar Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i, mawallafain littafin Tafsir Almizan, idan aka kalli ayar a zahiri, kalaman da aka yi amfani da su a cikinta za su iya haɗawa da yi wa dukkan mata ƙazafi. Amma idan aka yi la'akari da mahallin ayar da yadda kalamanta suka zo, za a fahimci cewa ayar tana magana ne kawai kan zargin zina da ake yi wa mata masu tsare mutuncinsu.[14] Wasu malamai kuma sun ɗauki ayar a matsayin wacce ta ƙunshi ma'ana mafi faɗi. Misali, Sahibul Jawahir, ɗaya daga cikin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a, ya rubuta cewa ayar ta haɗa har da zargin aikata laifin luwaɗi ga maza.[15] Ayatullahi Mishkini shima a cikin Tafsir Rawan yana cewa Ayar Ƙazafi ta haɗa da zargin zina da mata ke yi wa maza masu kame kansu[16]

Dangantakar Ayar Da Wasu Ayoyin Daban

Ayar Ƙazafi tana da dangantaka a aya ta 23 Suratun Nur, kuma duka su biyun suna shiryarwa ne kan haramcin ƙazafi.[17] Ayar Ƙazafi, wadda ta zo a ci gaba da ayoyin da suka gabace ta a Suratun Nur tana bayani ne kan ɗaya daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen hukunta laifuffuka a Musulunci.[18] Bisa ga ayar farko ta Suratun Nur, an bayyana cewa bayanin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a da ilimomi da koyarwa da suka shafi waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen na daga cikin manyan manufofin wannan sura.[19] Cikin aya ta 2, an bayyana hukuncin masu aikata zina[20] cikin aya ta 3 kuma an yi bayanin hukuncin aure da masu aikata zina.[21]

A cewar Nasir Makarim Shirazi, hukuncin da aka bayyana a aya ta 1 da ta 2 na iya zama sanadin da zai sa a yi wa mutane masu tsarki da kamun kai ƙazafi. Saboda haka, Ayar Ƙazafi ta tanadi hukunci ga waɗanda suke zargin wasu da zina, domin kare mutunci da martabar mutane masu kamun kai.[22] a cikin aya ta 5 an togace masu tuba daga cikin wannan hukunci[23] Haka kuma, a cikin aya ta 6 an bayyana hukuncin ƙazafi na musamman, ma'ana hukuncin zargin zina da mazaje suke yi wa matansu.[24]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Zuhaili, At-Tafsirul Munir, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 158.
  2. ↑ Misali ku duba: Sadiƙi Tehrani, Al-Furƙan, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 36, Alusi, Ruhul Ma'ani, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 296.
  3. ↑ Ku duba: Mishkini, Rasa'il Qur'ani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 457; Muƙaddasul Ardabili, Majma'ul Fa'ida Wal Burhan, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 198.
  4. ↑ Shahidus Sani, Ar-Raudatul Bahiyya, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 166, Abdur-Rahman, Mu'ujam Al-Musɗalahat Wal Alfazil Fiƙhiyya, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 74.
  5. ↑ Fadil Jawad, Masalikul Afahm, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 197.
  6. ↑ Misali ku duba: Shaik Ɗusi, Al-Mabsuɗ, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 15, Shahidus Sani, Ar-Raudatul Bahiyya, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 350.
  7. ↑ Ɗahiri, Darsehaye Az Ulume Qur'ani, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 314; Sai'di Roshan, Asbabe Nuzul Ya Zaminehaye Nuzule Ayate Qur'an, shafi na 29, Zarƙani, Manahilul Irfan, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 118.
  8. ↑ Inaya, Asbabun Nuzul Al-Qur'ani, shafi na 59.
  9. ↑ Mugniyya, Tafsirul Kashif, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 403.
  10. ↑ Ƙurɗubi, Al-Jami'u Li Ahkamil Qur'an, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 183.
  11. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 369-370.
  12. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 370.
  13. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 373.
  14. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 81.
  15. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 41, shafi na 402.
  16. ↑ Mishkini, Tafsir Rawan, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 274.
  17. ↑ Mishkini, Rasa'il Qur'ani, juzu'i na 1 shafi na 457.
  18. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 78-82.
  19. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 78.
  20. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 79.
  21. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 80.
  22. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 369.
  23. ↑ Ɗabrisi, Majma'ul Bayan, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 199.
  24. ↑ Jaza'iri, Aisarul Tafasir, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 550.

Nassoshi

  • Abdur-Rahman, Abdul-Mun'im, Mu'ujam Al-Musɗalahat Wal Alfazil Fiƙhiyya, babu wurin bugawa, babu mawallafi, babu shekara.
  • Alusi, Mahmud Bin Abdullah, Ruhul Ma'ani fi Tafsiril Qur'an al-Azim wa al-Sab'ul Masani, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1415H.
  • Ɗabaɗaba'i, Muhammad Husain, Almizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Beirut: Cibiyar Al-A'lami li al-Matbu'at, 1390H.
  • Ɗabrisi, Fadl Bin Hasan, Majma'ul Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Tehran: Nasir Khusraw, 1372Sh.
  • Ɗahiri, Habibullah, Darsehaye Az Ulume Qur'ani, Qum: Mawallafar Uswa, 1377Sh.
  • Fadil Jawad, Jawad bn Sa'id, Masalikul Afahm ila Ayat al-Ahkam, Tehran: Al-Maktaba al-Murtadawiyya, 1365Sh.
  • Inaya, Ghazi Husain, Asbabun Nuzul Al-Qur'ani, Beirut: Dar Al-Jil, 1411H.
  • Jaza'iri, Jabir, Aisarul Tafasir li Kalam al-Ali al-Kabir, Madina: Maktabat al-Ulum wa al-Hikam, 1416H.
  • Ƙurɗubi, Muhammad Bin Ahmad, Al-Jami'u Li Ahkamil Qur'an, Tehran: Nasir Khusraw, 1364Sh.
  • Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Tafsir Namuna, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, 1371Sh.
  • Mishkini, Ali, Rasa'il Qur'ani, Qum: Cibiyar Ilmi Farhangi Dar al-Hadith, 1393Sh.
  • Mishkini, Ali, Tafsir Rawan, Qum: Cibiyar Ilmi Farhangi Dar al-Hadith, 1392Sh.
  • Mugniyya, Muhammad Jawad, Tafsirul Kashif, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, 1424H.
  • Muƙaddasul Ardabili, Ahmad Bin Muhammad, Majma'ul Fa'ida Wal Burhan fi Sharh Irshad al-Azhan, Qum: Cibiyar Annashril Islami, ba tare da shekara ba.
  • Najafi, Muhammad Hassan, Jawahirul Kalam fi Sharh Shara'i al-Islam, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Arabi, 1362Sh.
  • Sadiƙi Tehrani, Muhammad, Al-Furƙan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an bi al-Qur'an wa al-Sunna, Qum: Farhange Islami, 1406H.
  • Sai'di Roshan, Muhammad Baƙir, Asbabe Nuzul Ya Zaminehaye Nuzule Ayate Qur'an, Qum: Zamzam Hidayat, ba tare da shekara ba.
  • Shahidus Sani, Zainud-Din Amili, Ar-Raudatul Bahiyya fi Sharh al-Lum'a al-Dimashƙiyya, Qum: Dar At-Tafsir, 1427H.
  • Shahidus Sani, Zainud-Din Bin Ali, Ar-Raudatul Bahiyya fi Sharh al-Lum'a al-Dimashƙiyya, tare da ta'aliƙi da sharhin Kalantar, Qum: Mawallafar Kitabfurushi Davari, bugu na farko, 1410H.
  • Shaikh Ɗusi, Muhammad Bin Hassan, Al-Mabsuɗ fi Fiƙh al-Imamiyya, Tehran: Al-Maktaba al-Murtadawiyya, 1387H.
  • Zarƙani, Muhammad Abdul-Azim, Manahilul Irfan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Arabi, ba tare da shekara ba.
  • Zuhaili, Wahba, At-Tafsirul Munir fi al-Aƙida wash Shari'a wal Manhaj, Dimashƙa: Dar al-Fikr, 1411H.
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