Hadis Iftirak

Daga wikishia
Wannan ƙasida ce da take magana akan hadisin Iftirak. Don neman ƙarin bayani game da Firƙa Najiya, duba Firƙa Najiya.

Hadis Iftirak (arabic: حديث الافتراق) wani hadisi ne da aka danganta shi da Annabi Mafi karamci(S.A.W) wanda yake Magana kan rarrabuwar Al’ummar Musulmai zuwa fiye Firka saba’in, kan asasin wannan hadisi al’ummar Musulmai bayan Annabi Mafi karamci (S.A.W) za su rarrabu fiye da Kungiya saba’in amma Firka daya ce rak take kan gaskiya kuma ita ce za ta tsira, dangane misdakin Firka Najiya (kungiya da zata tsira) da take kan tsira akwai sabani tsakankanin al’ummar Musulmai, an anakalto daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa `Yan Shi’ar Ali (A.S) ne Firka Najiya. Hadis Iftirak da Mas’alolin da suke da dangantaka da maudu’insa cikin bahasin Kalam, ya bayyanu a Ilmin sanin Firkoki da rikice-rikicen Firkoki.

Abin da Hadisin ya Kunsa da Sharhinsa

Hadis Iftirak ishara ce zuwa ga wani hadisi da ake danganta shi da Annabi (S.A.W) dukkanin bangarrori biyu sun nakalto shi wanda abin da yake kunshe da shi yake nuni da cewa Majusawa sun rarrabu zuwa Kungiya Saba’in, Yahudawa sun rarrabu zuwa Firka Saba’in da daya, Kiristoci sun rarrabu zuwa Firka Saba’in da biyu, al’ummata za su rarrabu zuwa Kungiya Saba’in da uku amma Firka Najiya (Kungiya da take kan tsira) [1] daya ce take kan Tsira, na’am a wani ba’arin Nakali ya zo Cikin Nakali daban-daban na wannan riwaya ta zo da cewa Firka saba’in da biyu [2] a wani kuma saba’in da uku [3] a wani lokacin kuma saba’in da daya [4] Cikin sharhin hadisin Iftirak ya zo cewa sababin batan galibin Firkokin ya bubbugo ne daga sabani a cikin mas’alolin Akida wacce take kai su ga kafirta juna da kiyayya, mas’alolin basu da alaka da sabani na Fikhu da fakihai da baki dayansu da suke da uzuri bisa komawa ga Alkur’ani da Sunna cikin fatawowinsu [5] wasu sun kawo tsammani kan cewa wannan hadisi ya hado da sabani cikin duniyar Musulamai cikin dukiya da Rai da hukuma wanda yake haifar da rarrabuwarsu Kungiya Kungiya da kuma kiyayya da juna [6]

Inganci

Hadis Iftirak ba a nakalto cikin Kutubul Arba’atu na Shi’a ba haka cikin Sahihaini (Bukhari da Muslim) Masana Firka misalin Naubekti a cikin littafin Firaku Ash-Shi’a da Abu Hassan Ash’ari cikin Makalat Islamiyyin ba su yi ishara ko nuni zuwa ga wannan hadisi ba, Ibn Hazam Andulusi wanda ya bar duniya shekara ta 456 kamari daya daga cikin Malaman Ahlus-Sunna yace wannan hadisi bai inganta ba kuma ba za a iya kafa hujja da shi ba [7] a ra’ayin Ibn Waziri fakihi Mabiyin Mazhabar Zaidiyya wanda ya bar duniya a shekara 840 kamari ya bayyana cewa karshen wanann hadisi da yake bayyana cewa dukkanin Firkokin suna kan tsira in banda guda daya da take kan Jahannama wannan tsantsar karyace [8] Tareda haka ba’arin wasu litattafai hadisai na Shi’a [9] da na Ahlus-Sunna [10] da ba’arin Marubuta kan Addinai da Mazhabobi [11] sun yarda da wannan hadisi kuma sun karbe shi, wasu ba’ari daga Masana firkoki misalin Abdul-Kahir Bn Tahir Bagdadi [12] Shahfur Asfirayani [13] da Abdur-Rahman Malati Shafi’i [14] sun karkasa Firkokin Musulmai zuwa Kashi saba’in da uku, da wannan fuska ne suka ce hadis Iftirak bawai kadai hadisi ne Mustafizu [15] ba bari dai hadisi ne Mutawatiri [16] ko kuma yana kusa da zama mutawatiri [17] A cewar Ayatullahi Jafar Subhani kasancewar Hadisin Mustafizu da kuma nakalto da akai da yawa cikin litattafan hadisai na Shi’a da Ahlus-Sunna yana gyara raunin da hadisin yake da shi sannan nakalto shi da akai da Isnadi daban-daban yana haifar da nutsuwa da kuma dogara da shi [18] haka kuma Muhammad Bn Ahmad Makdisi wanda ya bar duniya a shekara ta 381 kamari Marubucin littafin Ahsan Attakasim fi Ma’arifati Al’akalim, ya tafi kan cewa wannan riwaya tafi shahara daga sauran riwayoyi kuma adadin wanda zasu tsira shine saba’in da biyu kadai guda daya take kan Halaka, na’am ya yi Imani da cewa riwaya ta biyu tafi inganci [19]

Firka Najiya

Asalin Makala: Firka Najiya Dangane da ayyana misdakin Firka Najiya (kungiyar da take kan tsira) akwai sabanin ra’ayi tsakanin Malamai, zaka samu kowa yana ganin Mazhabarsa ce Firka Najiya, sauran saba’in da biyu sun Halaka, [20] jamalud-Addini Razi daga Malaman Imamiyya a cikin littafin Tabsiratul Awwam fi Ma’arifati Makalatil Anam [21] Jafar Bn Mansur Alyaman daga Malaman Isma’iliyya a cikin littafin Sara’iru wa-Asraru Annudka’i [22] da Shahristani daga Malaman Ahlus-sunna cikin Littafin Almilalu wan-Nihal [23] dukkanin kowannensu yace Mazhabarsa ce Misdakin Firka Najiya Shaik Saduk Mashhurin Malamin Hadisi na Shi’a a karni na hudu a cikin littafin Kamalud-Addini wa-Tamamin An-ni’ima tare da dogara da hadis Saklaini yana ganin duk wanda yayi riko da Kur’ani da tsatson Annabi (S.A.W) suna cikin Firka Najiya [24] Allama Majlisi cikin Bihar-Anwar ya nakalto daga Imam Ali (A.S) cewa `Yan Shi’arsa sune Ma’abota tsira [25] Allama Hilli shima tareda jingina da hadisai ya bayyana cewa Imamai Goma sha biyu da Mabiyansu sune misdakin Firka Najiya [26] sannan ya kawo dalilan tabbatar gaskiyar Mazhabar Shi’a [27] Tareda haka Ahlus-sunna tareda jingina da wasu hadisai sun bayyana cewa Firka Najiya sune al’umma [28] ko kuma wadanda suka fi yawa [29] ko kuma dai Mabiya Kulafa’r Rashidin [30] haka kuma akwai rahoto da yake nuna cewa baki dayan Firkoki Misdaki na Firka Najiya idan ka cire Zindikai [31]

Halakakkiyar Firka

Malaman muslunci suna ganin Firkoki saba’in da biyu banda Mazhabarsu duka sun Halaka [32] na’am a cewar Ibrahim Bn Musa Shatibi wanda ya bar duniya 790 daya daga cikin Malaman Mazhabar Malikiyya ya tafi kan cewa tattare Halakakkiyar Kungiya cikin Firka saba’in da biyu babu wani dalili na hankali da nakali da ake da shi a kai [33] Ibn Hazam Malamin Ahlus-Sunna wanda ya bar duniya da shekara ta 456 a cikin Littafinsa Almuhalla Bil-Asar tareda jingina da hadisin «تفترق اُمتی علی بضع وسبعین فرقة اعظمهم فتنة علی امتی قوم یقیسون الامور...» Al’ummata za ta rarrabu Firka saba’in da doriya, mafi girman fitinarsu kan al’ummata sune mutanen da suke kiyasi kan al’amura. An nakalto wannan hadisi daga Annabi [34] ya tafi kan cewa Ma’abota kiyasi cikin Fikhu sune Halakakku cikin Firkoki [35]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, 1419 H., juzu'i na 3, shafi na 145; Ibn Majah, Sunan Ibn Majah, Dar al-Fikr, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 364; Alameh Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 4
  2. ↑ Hakim Neishaburi, al-Mustadrak Ali al-Sahiheen, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 281; Tirmizi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 26; Tabarani, Al-Mu'jam al-Kabeer, Matabata Alama, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 51; Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 102.
  3. ↑ Haytami, Majma al-Zawaed, 1406 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 260; Tabarani, Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, Maktabat Alama, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 13.
  4. ↑ Dani, Al-Sunan al-warida, 1416 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 624.
  5. ↑ Baghdadi, al-Farƙ beinal Al-Feraƙ, 1408 AH, shafi na 5-8; Shatabi, Al-Isam, 1420 Hijira, shafi na 442.
  6. ↑ Shatabi, Al-Itsam, 1420 AH, shafi na 461-460.
  7. ↑ Ibn Hazm, al-Fisal, 1405H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 292.
  8. ↑ Ibn Waziri, al-Awasim wa-al-ƙawasim, 1415 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 172-170.
  9. ↑ Misali, duba Sheikh Sadouƙ, Al-Khesal, 1362, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 584-585; Alameh Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 13
  10. ↑ Misali, duba Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, 1414H, juzu’i na 3, shafi:569; Ibn Abi Asim, Sunna, 1419 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 75-80; Tabarani, Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, Maktabatu Alama, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 51.
  11. ↑ Misali, duba al-Baghdadi, al-Farƙ bein Al-Farƙ, 1408 AH, shafi na 8-5; Sobhani, Almilalu wa al-Nehal, Al-Nashar al-Islami Publishing House, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 25-26.
  12. ↑ Baghdadi, al-Farƙ beinal Al-Feraƙ, 1408 AH, shafi na 11-21.
  13. ↑ Esfraini, al-Tabsir Fi al-Din, 1408 AH, shafi na 23-25.
  14. ↑ Multi Shafi'i, Al-Tanbihu wa Arrad, 1413 AH, shafi na 12.
  15. ↑ Sobhani, Buhusu fi Almilal wa al-Nehal, Al-Nashar al-Islami Est., juzu'i na 1, shafi na 23; Muzaffar, Dalai al-Saddeƙ, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 289.
  16. ↑ Ibn Tavus, al-Tara'if, 1420H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 287 da juzu'i na 2, shafi na 74 da shafi na 259; Manavi, Faiz al-ƙadir, 1391 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 20.
  17. ↑ Al-Amadi, Al-Ahkam Fi Asul Al-Ahkam, Dar al-Kitab Al-Alamiya, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 219.
  18. ↑ Sobhani, Buhusu fi almila wa al-Nehal, Mu’assasa Al-Nashar al-Islami, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 25.
  19. ↑ Moghdisi, Ahsan al-Taƙasim, Dar Sadr, shafi na 39.
  20. ↑ Baghdadi, al-Farƙ bein Al-Farƙ, 1408 AH, shafi na 11-21; Esfraini, al-Tabsir Fi al-Din, 1408 AH, shafi na 23-25; Multi Shafi'i, Al-Tanbihu wa Arrad, 1413 AH, shafi na 12.
  21. ↑ Razi, Tabsiratu Al-Awam, 1364, shafi na 194-199.
  22. ↑ Eliman, Saraer wa Asrar al-Natƙa, 1404H, shafi na 243.
  23. ↑ Shahrashtani, Milal wa Al-Nehal, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 19-20.
  24. ↑ Sheikh Sadouƙ, Kamaluddin, 1395 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 662.
  25. ↑ Alameh Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 11.
  26. ↑ Misali, duba Allameh Hilli, Minhaj al-Karamah, 1379, shafi na 50.
  27. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Minhaj al-Karamah, 1379, shafi na 111-35.
  28. ↑ Ibn Majah, Sunan Ibn Majah, 1430 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 128-130.
  29. ↑ Al-Amadi, Al-Ahkam Fi Usul Al-Ahkam, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Alamiya, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 219.
  30. ↑ Ibn Majah, Sunan Ibn Majah, 1430 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 28-29.
  31. ↑ Dailami, al-Fardus Bi-masur al-Khattab, 1406 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 63; Dilmi, al-Fardus Bi-masur al-Khattab, 1406 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 63.
  32. ↑ Baghdadi, al-Farƙ beinal Al-Feraƙ, 1408 AH, shafi na 11-21; Esfraini, al-Tabasir Fi al-Din, 1408 AH, shafi na 23-25; Multi Shafi'i, Al-Tanbiyyah wa Arrad, 1413 AH, shafi na 12.
  33. ↑ Shatabi, Al-Itsam, 1420 Hijira, shafi na 481.
  34. ↑ Tabarani, Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, Matabata Alama, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 13.
  35. ↑ Ibn Hazm, Al-Muhalli Bil-Masur, Darul Jeel, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 62.

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