Kutubul Arba'a
Kutubul Arba'a (Larabci: الكتب الأربعة) yana nufin ( litattafai guda huɗu) ko Usulul Arba'a, litattafan hadisi guda hudu ne da yan Shi'a suke ganin su ne mafi ingancin litattafan hadisi. wannan littattafan guda huɗu su ne: Al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu, Tahzibul Ahkam da Al-Istibsar. Littafin Al-Kafi na Kulaini ne, manla yahduruhul-faƙih na Shaikh Saduƙ, sai Tahzibul Ahkam da Al-Istibsar na Shaikh Ɗusi,
A karon farko Shahidus Sani ya yi amfani da kalmar Arba'a wajen nuna waɗannan littattafai guda huɗu a matsayin littattafai masu daraja da ya yarda da su a wata ruwaya, bayan haka, sai aka cigaba da amfani da wannan kalma a cikin rubutun fiƙihu, kuma a hankali sunan ya zama sananne. Wasu Akhbariyawa suna ganin duk hadisanda suke cikin Kutubul Arba'a ingantattu ne, Amma da yawa daga cikin malaman Shi'a suna ganin hadisan da aka yawaita rawaitarsu ko kuma waɗanda suke da ingantaccen sanadi ne kaɗai ingantattun hadisai mutawatirai.
Matsayi
Ƴan shi'a suna ganin waɗannan littattafan guda huɗu a matsayin mafi ingancin littattafan hadisi, suna kiransu da (Asali guda huɗu).[1] A faɗin malamin nan Murtada Muɗahhari, bayan Alƙur'ani waɗannan littattafan sune mafi inganci da za a yi amfani da su,[2] Sai dai duk da hakan ba duka malaman shi'a bane suke da wannan ra'ayin kuma suke ganin yin amfani da duka riwayoyin waɗannan littattafan sun zama dole ayi amfani da suba, hakanan in za su yi amfani da wata ruwaya acikin su sai sun duba matani da sanadinta in ya inganta sannan su ɗauka.[3]
Tarihin Inda Aka Samo Wannan Sunan
Shahidus Sani shi ne malami na farko da ya yi amfani da kalmar "Kutubul Arba'a" (Litattagan Hadisi Huɗu) a shekara ta 950 bayan hijira, cikin Ijazar a wata ruwaya. Sannan ya yi amfani da lafazin “Al-kutob Al-arba'a” a cikin wasu ruwayoyi da dama gaske.[4]
Kimanin shekaru 30 kenan bayan wannan rana, Muƙaddasul Ardabili ya yi amfani da wannan kalma a cikin littafinsa na fikihu, Majma'ul Al-fa'ida wal-Burhan, wanda ya fara rubutawa a shekara ta 977 bayan hijira kuma ya gama a shekara ta 985 bayan hijira. Bayan haka kuma an yi amfani da ita a cikin littattafai kaman Zubdatul Bayan (Wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 989 bayan hijira), sai Muntaƙil-Juman (wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 1006 bayan hijira) da kuma Al-Wafiya (Wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 1059 bayan hijira).[5]
Matsayin Waɗannan Litattafai
Malaman fiƙihun Shi'a sun yarda da ingancin littattafan guda huɗu, Shaikh Ansari baya nesanta yiwuwar rashin yin imani da ingantattun litattafan matsayin inkarin laruran mazhabar shi'a,[6] daga cikinsu waɗannan litattafai guda huɗu, Sai dai duk da hakan malamai da yawa na da savani kan inganci ko rashin ingancin duka ruwayoyin da suke cikin littattafan huɗu, Dangane da haka, ana iya ambaton abubuwa guda uku:
- Yaƙini da ingancin dukkkanin Hadisan cikinsu daga Ma'asumai: Akhbariyawa suna ganin duk hadisan Kutubul Arba'a ingantattu ne, kuma suna jingina dukkan hadisan waɗannan littattafan ga Imamai Ma'asumai.[7]
- Ingancin dukkan hadisan amma akwai rashin tabbas ɗin samuwar su daga ma'asumai : Wasu malaman fiƙihun shi'a kamar Fadilul Tuni ba su yarda da ingancin dukkan hadisan littafan Arba'a , amma masu yarda cewa duka ingancin fitowar dukansu daga Ma'asumai ba.[8]
- Akasarin hadisan Zato ne mai rinjaye, sai kuma da yawa an yarda da sahihancin isnadinsu: ra'ayin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a shi ne, baya ga hadisai mutawatirai ragowar duka khabar ahad ne ,iya waɗanda aka tabbatar da ingancin sune sahihai. Ko da yake akwai sabani game da ingancin hakanma.[9]
Al-Kafi
- Tushen Maƙala: Al-kafi
Al-Kafi, Abu Jafar Kulaini ne ya rubuta shi(ya rasu a shekara ta 329 bayan hijira) a zamanin Gaiba Sugra.[10] Littafin ya ƙunshi hadisai kusan 16000 kuma yana da bangarori guda uku: Usul kafi, wanda littattafan Tauhidi da aƙida ne aciki, furu'u,[11] yana magana ne a kan hadisai na fiƙihu, Raudatu Al-Kafi kuma ya haɗa da tarin hadisai mabambanta.[12]
Manla Yahduruhl Al-Fa ƙihu
- Tushen Maƙala: Man La yahduruhul Faƙihu
Wannan littafin na Shaikh Saduƙ ne (ya rasu a shekara ta 381 bayan hijira). Ya ƙunshi hadisai kusan 6000 waɗanda sukatattaro abin da ya shafi fiƙihu da hukunce-hukunce a aikace. A cikin wannan littafi, Shaikh Saduƙ ya kawo hadisai da yake ganin sun inganta kuma a kan su ya yi fatawa.[13]
Tahzibul Ahkam
- Tushen Maƙala: Tahzibul Ahkam
Tahzibul-Ahkam Shaikh Ɗusi ne ya rubuta shi (ya rasu a shekara ta 460 bayan hijira). Wannan littafi yana da sassa 393 da hadisai 13,590 kuma duk ya shafi fiƙihu. Shaikh Ɗusi ya rubuta wannan littafine a matsayin sharhin littafin almuƙni'a na Shaikh Mufid da umarninsa.[14]
AL-Istibsar
- Tushen Maƙala: Al-Istibsar Fi makhtalafa Minal-Akhbar''
Shi ma na Shaikh Ɗusi i ne, ya rubutane bayan Tahzib al-Ahkam da buƙatar wasu ɗalibansa. A cikin wannan littafi, ya tattara ruwayoyi masu karo da juna ne kawai a cikin batutuwan fiƙihu daban-daban. Don haka littafin bai ƙunshi dukkan batutuwan fiƙihu ba.[15]
Ku Duba
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, Mujalladi na 3, shafi na 383-384.
- ↑ ↑ Motahari, Ashnayi ba Kur'an (1), 2009, shafi 8.
- ↑ Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, Mujalladi na 3, shafi na 383-384.
- ↑ Bagheri, "Kitabe cehar Hadisi Imamiyeh wa Rawaje Istilahi "Alkutubul Arba'a": Nakhadi bar didgahe Andfiro nimon.
- ↑ Bagheri, "Kitabe cehar Hadisi Imamiyeh wa Rawaje Istilahi "Alkutubul Arba'a": Nakhadi bar didgahe Andfiro nimon.
- ↑ Duba Ansari, Faraid Al-Usul, 1428H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 239.
- ↑ Estrabadi, Al-Fawa'id Al-Madanieh, shafi na 112; Karki, Hidaya Abrar, 1396 AH, shafi na 17.
- ↑ Duba Fazel Toni, Al-Wafiyah fi Usul Al-Fi ƙh, 1415 AH, shafi na 166.
- ↑ Khoei, Majam Rijal al-Hadith, 1372, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 87-97.
- ↑ Mudir Shanachi, Ilmul Al-Hadith, 2013, 96.
- ↑ Mudir Shanachi, Ilmul Al-Hadith, 2013, 96-97
- ↑ Mudir Shanachi, Ilmul Al-Hadith, 2013, 96-97
- ↑ Duba Mudir shanechi, Tarikh Hadith, 1377, shafi na 130 da 135.
- ↑ Duba Mudir shanechi, Tarikh Hadith, 1377, shafi na 130 da 138-140.
- ↑ Duba Mudir shanechi, Tarikh Hadith, 1377, shafi na 130 da 148-150
Nassoshi
- Estrabadi, Mohammad Amin bin Mohammad Sharif, Al-Fawa'id Al-Madani, Tabriz, Bina, 1321H.
- Fazil Toni, Abdullah bin Muhammad, Al-Wafiyah fi Usul Al-Fi ƙh, bincike na Razavi Kashmiri, ƙum, Majmall al-Fikr al-Islami, 1415 AH.
- Karki, Hossein bin Shahabeddin, Hidayatul Abrar zuwa tafarkin Imaman Athar, wanda Raouf Jamaluddin, Najaf, Mu’assasa Ahyaya, 1396 Hijira ya yi bincike.
- Khoi, Seyyed Abul ƙasem, Majam Rijal Al-Hadith wa Tafsil Thaba ƙat Al-Ruwat, ƙum, Cibiyar Buga Al'adun Musulunci, 1372.
- Motahari, Morteza, Ashnayi ba Kur'an (1), Sadra, 2009
- Mudir Shanachi, Kazem, Ilam al-Hadith, ƙom, Islamic Publications Office, 16th edition, 2013.
- Mudir Shanechi, Kazem, Tarikh Hadisi, Tehran, Samit Publications, 1377.
- Baƙiri «چهار کتاب حدیثی امامیه و * Ansari, Morteza, Faraid al-Asoul, ƙum, Majmaal al-Fikr al-Islami, 1428H.رواج اصطلاح «الکتب الأربعة»: نقدی بر دیدگاه اندرو نیومن»"Gidan yanar gizo na Tomar Andisheh, da aka gani a ranar 6 Farvardin 1397."*Amini, Abdul Hossein, Al-Ghadir a cikin Al-Kitab da Sunnah da Al-Adab, ƙum, Al-Ghadir Center for Islamic Studies, 1416 AH/1995 Miladiyya.