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Hadis I'itila

Daga wikishia
Hadis I'itila
Maudu'iFifitar Musulmi kan Kafiri
Ya Fito DagaAnnabin Muslunci (S.A.W)
MarawaitaShaik Saduƙ
Madogaran Shi'aMan La Yahduruhul Faƙihu
Madogaran Ahlus-sunnaSunanu Daruƙuɗni
Mai ƙarfafawa Na Kur'aniAyar nafyis sabil
Hadis Silsilatuz Zahab • Hadis Saƙlaini • Maƙbulatu Umar Bin Hanzala • Hadis Ƙurbu Nawafil • Hadis Mi'iraj • Hadis Wilaya • Hadis Wisaya • Hadis Junud Aƙli Wa Jahal • Hadis Shajara


Hadis I'itila (Larabci: حديث الاعتلاء) wata riwaya ce da aka naƙalto daga Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) da take ishara kan fifitar Muslunci kan sauran addinai, da kuma rashin ikon Kafirai kan Musulmi, Wasu malamai misalin Sayyid Hassan Bajnawardi (Rasuwa: 1395) suna da ra'ayin cewa raunin sanadi da hadisin yake da shi zai iya gyaruwa ta hanyar samuwar shuhura amali da kuma nutsuwar da aka samu kan gangarowarsa daga Annabi, za kuma a iya dogara da hadisin.

Wasu adadi daga masana hadisi, sun yi watsi da alaƙanta hadisul i'itila da batun koruwar ikon Kafiri kan Musulmi, suna da ra'ayin cewa wannan riwaya kaɗai ta keɓantu da ɗaukakar addinin Muslunci kan sauran addini; sai dai kuma bisa la'akari da cewa shi addinin Muslunci ya ƙunshi hukunce-hukunce da ƙa'idoji, a duk sa'ilin da aka samu Muslunci shi ne mafi ɗaukaka, hakan na nufin Allah ya shar'anta hukunce-hukunce da ƙa'idoji, ta yadda babu lokacin da Kafiri zai samu iko kan Musulmi, domin tabbatar da wannan ma'ana da hadisin yake ƙunshe da ita, malamai sun jingina da ayar nafyis sabil.

Matsayi Da Taƙaitacciyar Gabatarwa

Hadis I'itila, wata riwaya ce da ta zo cikin littafin Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu[1] ɗaya daga cikin Kutubul Arba'a da kuma littafin Sunan Daƙuɗni,[2] wanda yake littafi ne na riwaya a wurin Ahlus-sunna, wannan hadisi ya jawo hankula manyan malamai misalin Shaik Mufid da Sayyid Murtada.[3] A cewar Murtada Muɗahhari (Rasuwa: 1358 shamsi) wannan hadisi yana da zantukan Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) masu wahalar fahimta da ko wace ƙungiya daga malamai suka samu keɓantacciyar fahimta daga gare shi.[4]

Cikin hadisul i'itilai da ya zo da naƙalin Shaik Saduƙ kamar haka:

«اَلأِسلامُ يَعْلُو وَ لا يُعلي عَليْهِ وَ الْكُفّارُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَوْتي لا يَحْجُبونَ وَ لا يَرِثُونَ؛

Shi Muslunci a kodayaushe shi ne yake ɗaukaka kuma ba a ɗaukaka a kansa, su Kafirai suna matsayin matatu, ba sa iya zama shinge da yake hana gado daga gare su, kuma su ba sa gado.[5]

Wannan hadisi yana matsayi wata shaida da malamai suke amfani da ita cikin tabbatar da ƙa'idatu nafyis sabil.[6] A cewar Musawi Bajnawardi, cikin wannan hadisi, ƙari kan rashin ikon Kafiri kan Musulmi, an yi ishara game da fifikon da ɗaukakar Muslunci kan sauran addinai.[7]

Cikin hadisul I'itila an yi bayanin hukunce-hukunce da dokoki.[8] da suke hukunta kore duk wani nau'i ikon Kafiri kan Musulmi, daga misalin kwangiloli da yarjejeniya, iƙa'at da afkarwa, wilaya, da aure.[9] Wannan riwaya tana ɗauke da jumloli guda biyu daga mai tabbatarwa da mai korewa, ko wace ɗaya tana bayanin rashin ikon Kafir ikan Musulmi:[10] 1.Ma'ana ta tabbatarwa: "یعلو و لایعلی علیه" (Yana ɗaukaka kuma ba ɗaukaka a kansa) cikin alaƙa tare da hukunce-hukunce da dokoki wanda aka sanya su a Muslunci da suke tabbatar da ɗaukaka da fifitar Musulmi cikin bakiɗayan sha'anunnuka.[11] 2.Ma'ana ta korewa: "لا يَحْجُبونَ وَ لا يَرِثُونَ" (Su Kafirai ba sa iya zama shinge da zai hana a gaje su, kuma su ba za su yi gado ba) tana ishara kan koruwar duk wani ikon Kafiri a cikin hukunce-hukunce da dokoki na Muslunci.[12]

Ingancin Sanad Da Ma'ana

Malamai sun ce cikin salsalar marawaitan hadisul 'itila akwai tuhume-tuhume da ya sanya wasu daga malamai hukunta sanadin da rauni.[13] Na'am kishiyar wannan magana a ƙoƙarin samar da inganci ga wannan riwaya da kuma gyaran raunin da take da shi, an jingina da shuhura amali da nutsuwa da gangarowarsa daga Annabi.[14] Haka nan bisa naƙalin Shaik Saduƙ a cikin littafin Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu ɗaya daga cikin Kutubul Arba'a na Shi'a.[15] Abdul-A'ala Sabzawari (Rasuwa: 1372 shamsi) cikin Tafsir Mawahibur Rahman, tare da jingina da ayar nafyis sabil ya tafi kan tabbatuwar ingancin hadisul i'itila.[16]

Ba'arin malamai, sun yi la'akari da hadisul i'itila a maƙamin bayanin gabatar da addinin Muslunci a matsayin mafi ɗaukakar addinin tauhidi, suna masu cewa: Wannan riwaya samsam ba ta da alaƙa da maganar kore ikon Kafiri kan Musulmi.[17] cikin amsa gare su, an ce: Shi addinin Muslunci, ya ƙunshi wasu adadin hukunce-hukunce da dokoki, kuma lokacin da aka ce Muslunci yana ɗaukaka da fifiko, ana nufin Allah ya shar'anta wasu hukunce-hukunce kuma cikin bakiɗayansu Kafiri ba zai taɓa samun iko da ɗaukaka kan Musulmi.[18]

Aikace-Aikacen Da Aka Yi Da Hadisin

A cewar Murtada Muɗahhari, haƙiƙa an amfana daga hadisul i'itila a fagen fiƙihu, aƙida da zamantakewa, daga jumlarsu:

  • Aikin a fiƙihu: Dokoki da suke haifar da fifiko da ɗaukakar Kafiri kan Musulmi, to kwatakwata irin waɗannan dokoki an kore su ba su da samuwa.
  • Aikin a aƙida: A cikin fagen kafa hujja da dalili, hikimar Muslunci ta Fifita ta kuma yi galaba kan ko wane mahanga da hikima
  • Aiki na zamantakewa: Dokokin Muslunci sun fi ko wane dokokin dacewa da abin da mutum yake buƙatuwa zuwa gare shi.[19]

=== Alaƙar Hadisin Da Ayar Nafyis Sabil Ayar Nafyis Sabil === Ma'anar da ayar nafyis sabil da hadisul I'itila suke ƙunshe da ita, shi ne koruwar ikon Kafiri kan Musulmi;[20] da wannan ne zamu gane cewa akwai alaƙa ta hikima tsakanin ayar da hadisin.[21] Sakamakon kasancewar abin da riwayar take ƙunshe da shi yana bayani ne kan rashin ikon Kafiri kan Musulmi, ita kuma ayar tana magana ne kan koruwar ikon Kafiri kan Musulmi, bisa bayanin Kur'ani ita ma'anar Mumini tafi keɓantuwa daga ma'anar Musulmi.[22] saboda haka ita ma maanar da abin da ake fahimta daga ayar nafyis sabil tafi keɓantuwa daga ma'anar riwayar.[23]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Iqaat, Sheikh Saduq, Man La Yahadra Faqih, 1413 AH, Juz. 4, shafi. 334.
  2. ↑ Darqtani, Sunan al-Darqtani, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 370.
  3. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Qawa'idul Fiqhiyya, 1990, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 352-353.
  4. ↑ Motahari, Hamaseh Hosseini, 1990, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 326.
  5. ↑ Sheikh Saduq, Man Laihadra Faqih, 1413 AH, Juz. 4, shafi. 334.
  6. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Qawa'idul Fiqhiyya, 1990, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 349-358.
  7. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Qawa'idul Fiqhiyya, 1990, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 349-358.
  8. ↑ Fazel Lankarani, Al-Qawa'idul al-Fiqhiyah, 2003, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 238.
  9. ↑ Fazel Lankarani, Al-Qawa'idul al-Fiqhiyah, 2003, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 238.
  10. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Al-Qawwa'id al-Fiqhiyah, 1998, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 190.
  11. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Al-Qawwa'id al-Fiqhiyah, 1998, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 190.
  12. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Al-Qawwa'id al-Fiqhiyah, 1998, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 190.
  13. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Qawa'idul Fiqhiyya, 1990, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 352-353.
  14. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Qawa'idul Fiqhiyya, 1990, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 352-353.
  15. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Qawa'idul Fiqhiyya, 1990, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 352-353.
  16. ↑ Mousavi Sabzevari, Mawahib al-Rahman, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 43.
  17. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Qawa'idul Fiqhiyya, 2004, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 355.
  18. ↑ Mousavi Bojnourdi, Qawa'idul Fiqhiyya, 2004, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 355.
  19. ↑ Motahari,Hamaseh Hosseini, 1990, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 326.
  20. ↑ Haji Ali, “Ta'ammuli bar Ayaeh Nafyis Sabil Ba taakd Bar Mafhum Wajeh Sabil,” shafi. 151.
  21. ↑ Haji Ali, “Ta'ammuli bar Ayaeh Nafyis Sabil Ba taakd Bar Mafhum Wajeh Sabil,” shafi. 151.
  22. ↑ Suratul Hujurat, aya ta 14.
  23. ↑ Haji Ali, “Ta'ammuli bar Ayaeh Nafyis Sabil Ba taakid Bar Mafhum Wajeh Sabil,” shafi. 151.

Nassoshi

  • Haji Ali, Fariba,«تأملی بر آیه نفی سبیل با تأکید بر مفهوم واژه سبیل»، An buga shi a cikin mujallar bincike a cikin ilimomin Alqur'ani da Hadisi na 2, 2007.
  • Darqtani, Ali bin Omar, Sunan al-Darqtani, Beirut, Al-Risala Foundation, 1424 AH.
  • Sabzevari, Abd al-Ali, Mohabul-ur-Rahman Fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Beirut, Cibiyar Ahlul Baiti, 1409 Hijira.
  • Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad Bin Ali, Man La Yahdara al-Faqih, Qum, Islamic Publications mai alaka da kungiyar malamai ta Kum, 1413 AH. The
  • Tabatabai, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein, Al-Mizan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Beirut, Al-Alami Foundation for Publications, 1390 AH.
  • Fazel Lankarani, Mohammad Javad, Al-Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyyah, Qum, Cibiyar Fiqhu ta Imamai Tsarkaka (amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare su), 2004.
  • Markaze Farhange Wa ma'arif Al-Qur'ani, Dayiratul Ma'arif Qur'anil Kareem, Qom, Bostan Kitab, 2003.
  • Motahari, Morteza, Hamaseh al-Hosseini, Tehran, Sadra, 2000.
  • Mousavi Bojnourdi, Hassan, Al-Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyyah, Kum, Al-Hadi Publishing House, 2000.
  • Mousavi Bojnourdi, Mohammad, Al-Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyyah, Tehran, Cibiyar Tattaunawa da Buga Ayyukan Imam Khumaini, 2000.
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