Firƙoƙin Shi'a

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Wannan ƙasida ce game da firƙoƙin shi'a, domin ganin fihirisar firƙoƙin shi'a ku duba ƙasida mai taken Fihirisar Firƙoƙin Shi'a

Firƙoƙin shi'a, magana ce game da mabambantan rassan ƴan shi'a tare da kasancewar firƙoƙin shi'a sun yi tarayya da juna cikin imani da aƙidar kasancewar Imam Ali (A.S) matsayin halifann Annabi (A.S) a bayansa ba tare da jinkirta shi ba da, sun yi sabani cikin sauran akidu daga jumlarsu adadin Imamai ma'asumai. imamiyya, zaidiyya da isma'iliyya su ne mafi muhimmancin rayayyun firƙoƙin shi'a. ba'arin madogarai sun jingina firƙoƙin kisaniyya, faɗahiyya, waƙifiyya, nawusiyya da ƙungiyioyin gullatu ga shi'anci waɗanda dukkanin su sun ɓace babu sauran labarinsu.

Saɓanin kan batun halifanci da ayyana wane ne imami, zurfafar aƙidar wuce iyaka da karkacewa daga hanya cikin ayyana wane ne mahadi mau'ud yana daga muhimman dalili da sababin samuwar firƙoƙi daban-daban a cikin shi'anci.

Ta fuskanin yawan adadin mabiya, haƙiƙa imamiyya iata ce kan gaba cikin yawan mabiya daga sauran firƙoƙin shi'a ta fi dukkaninsu yawan mabiya, mabiya imamiyya suna rayuwa ne a ƙasashe misalin Iran, Iraƙi, Fakistan da Labanun. An yi rubuce-rubuce daban-daban game da bayani kan firƙoƙin shi'a. Firaƙul Shi'a na Hassan Ɗan Musa Naubekti yana daga cikin daɗaɗɗen littafi da aka rubuta game da maudu'in firƙoƙin shi'a.

Muhimmanci

Firƙoƙin shi'a, magana ce game da rarrabuwa da ya faru cikin mazhabar shi'a (ɗaya daga cikin manyan mazhabobin muslunci) dukkanin waɗannan firƙoƙi sun yi tarayya cikin aƙidar imamancin Imam Ali (A.S)[1] tun ƙarni na farkon hijira ƙamari aka fara bahasi da bincike kan firƙoƙin shi'a, littafin Firaƙul Al-shi'a na Hassan ɗan Musa Naubekti ƙarni na uku hijira ƙamari ya rubuta shi ne kan maudu'in firƙoƙin shi'a. a yanzu ƙarni na 15 hijira ƙamari a ba'arin jami'o'i ana koyar da darasin firƙoƙin shi'a tare da zurfafa bincike kai..[2]

Rassa Na Farko-Farko

Sayyid Muhammad Husaini Ɗabaɗaba'i cikin littafin Shi'a Dar Islam yana cewa farkon rassa da rarrabuwa a cikin mazhabar shi'a ya fara ne daga bayan shahadar Imam Husaini (A.S) shekara 61 hijira ƙamari, duk da cewa bayansa galibin ƴan shi'a sun yi imani da imamancin Imam Sajjad (A.S) sai aka samu wasu ƴan tsiraru da ak kira da kisaniyya suka karkata ga imani da immancin Muhammad Hanafiyya, ɗa ga Imam Ali (A.S).[3] haka nan bayan zaman Imam Rida (A.S) zuwa lokacin Imam Mahadi (A.S) ba a samu yawaitar rarraba da ɓullar rassa da firƙoƙi ba sosai, idan ma an samu ɓullar wata fitina da ta fake cikin firƙa da rabuwar kai ba ta jimawa sai ta bushe kamar ba a yi ta ba.[4] na'am a ra'ayin wasu ba'ari, farƙon jama'a da aka fara samun ɓullarsu cikin shi'anci sun ɓulla ne a ƙarshe-ƙarshen halaifancin Usman da farkon halifancin Imam Ali (A.S), da ake kira da saba'iyya ta hannun Abdullahi Ɗan Saba'i.[5]

ƙididigar Adadin Firƙoƙi

Game da adadin firƙoƙin shi'a akwai mabambantan maganganu da ra'ayoyi, cikin littafin Farhange Shi'a, ya lissafa adadin firƙoƙi shi'a zuwa guda 100 mafi shahararsu su ne: imamiyya, kisaniyya, zaidiyya, isma'iliyya, faɗahiyya da gullatu.[6] Abul Husaini Malaɗi, malaman fiƙihu a shafi'iyya a ƙarni na huɗu hijira ƙamari, cikin littafin “At-tanbihu Wal Ar-raddi Ala Ahlil Al-hawa Wal Al-bidi'a”, ya lissafa adadin firƙoƙin shi'a zuwa 18.[7] Abdul-ƙahir bagdadi (Wafati: 429. h. ƙ), malamin fiƙihu da kalam a shafi'iyya, cikin littafin “Al-farƙu Bainal Al-firaƙ"ya gabatar da firƙoƙi uku matsayin tushen firƙoƙin shi'a su ne: imamiyya, kisaniyya da zaidiyya.[8] Shaharistani (wafati: 548. h. ƙ) cikin littafin Al-milal Wa An-nihal ya lissafo fiƙoƙi biyar na shi'a daga imamiyya, zaidiyya, kisaniyya, isma'iliyya da gullatu.[9] Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i (Wafati: 2002. h. ƙ) a cikin littafin Shi'a Dar Islam, ya lissafa firƙoƙi uku daga imamiyya, isma'iliyya da zaidiyya matsayin firƙoƙi na asali da tushe a shi'a.[10]

Dalilan Samuwar Firƙoƙi

Dalilai da illoli masu yawa ne suka haifar da samuwar firƙoƙi cikin shi'a, amma mafi muhimmanci su ne akamar haka:

  • Imamanci: a cewar Rasul Jafariyan haƙiƙa mas'alar imamanci da saɓani kan halifa da ayyana imami, shi ne farkon tushen samuwar firƙoƙi daban-daban a cikin shi'a.[11] misali firƙar kisaniyya tana daga cikin firƙoƙin shi'a wace bayan shahadar Imam Ali (A.S) ta ɓulla mabiyan wannan firƙa suna imani da kan cewa Imam Hassan (A.S) ba imami ba ne sai Muhammad Hanafiyya shi ne imami.[12]
  • Zurfafar aƙidar gullanci: a lokacin rayuwar Imam Ali (A.S) da sauran Imamai ma'asumai (A.S) kai hatta bayan rasuwarsu an samu wasu ƴan shi'a suna musu kallon alloli da ubangiji tare da danganta musu siffofin guluwi, shi kansa wannan yana cikin sababi da illolin samuwar mabambantan firƙoƙin gullanci, marubuta tarihin firƙoƙi sun jingina waɗannan firƙoƙi na gullatu ga shi'a.[13] alal misali firƙar saba'iyya daga firƙoƙin gullatu mabiya Abdullahi Ɗan Saba'i sun kasance kan aƙidar cewa lallai Imam Ali (A.S) bai rasu ba kuma ba zai taɓa mutuwa ba, bari dai wata rana zai zo bayan zalunci da danniya ya mamaye duniya zai cika ta da adalci.[14]
  • Karkacewa daga hanya cikin ayyana wane ne Mahadi Mau'ud, wannan matsala ta kasance daga cikin sauran dalilai da illolin samuwar firƙoƙi daban-daban a cikin shi'a a tsawon ƙarni uku.[15]

Rayayyun Firƙoƙi

Firƙoƙin imamiyya, zaidiyya da isma'iliyya su ne shahararrun firƙoƙin shi'a a tsawon tarihi har zuwa yau a duniyar shi'anci;[16]

Imamiyya

Tushen ƙasida: Imamiyya

Imamiyya suna kan aƙidar cewa bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W) Imam Ali (A.S) ne Allah ya zaɓe shi matsayin Imami da halifan Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ba tare da jinkirtawa ba, bayansa sai muƙamin imamanci ya cirata zuwa ga Imam Hassan (A.S), bayan shi Imam Husaini (A.S), bayan Shi sai mutane tara daga ƴaƴansa, ma'ana Imam Sajjad (A.S), Imam Baƙir (A.S), Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), Imam Kazim (A.S), Imam Rida (A.S), Imam Jawad (A.S), Imam Hadi (A.S), Imam Hassan Askari (A.S) da Imam Mahadi (A.F).[17]

A ra'ayin imamiyya, imami na goma sha biyu ma'ana Imam Mahadi shi ne wanda zai miƙe ya ceto al'umma kuma yana cikin gaiba zai bayyana a ƙarshen zamani.[18] imamiyya, suna ganin wajibi ne imami ya kasance ma'asumi, kuma sun yi imani kan bakiɗayan Imamansu ma'sumai ne.[19] a imaninsu, Imamai su ne masu tafsirin kur'ani na haƙiƙa da sunnar Annabi (S.A.W).[20]

Isma'iliyya

Tusen ƙasida: Isma'liyya

A cewar Muhammad jawad Mashkur (Wafati: 1374. h. ƙ), marubucin tarihi malamin jami'ar tehran, a cikin littafin “Farhange Firaƙ Islami"Isma'iliyya, gama garin suna ne na firƙoƙi wanda bayan wafatin Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) suka yi imani da imamanci babban ɗansa Isma'il Ɗan Jafar ko jikansa Muhammad Ɗan Isma'il.[21] da farko isma'iliyya sun rabu gida biyu, jama'a guda biyu daga gama garin isma'liyya da keɓantacciyar isma'iliyya.[22] isma'liyya khas keɓantacciya suna kan aƙidar cewa Isma'il ya kasance Imami lokacin rayuwar mahaifinsa sai ya yi gaiba kuma shi ne imamin ƴan shi'a na bakwai, gama garin isma'iliyya suna kan aƙidar cewa Isma'il ya rasu tun mahaifinsa yana raye, kafin wafatinsa ya ayyana zansa Muhammad ɗan Isma'il a matsayinsa magajinsa.[23] Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i a cikin Littafin Shi'a Dar Islam yana cewa waɗannan jama'a guda biyu bayan wani lokaci sun ɓace an wayi gari babu wani abu da ya yi saura daga gare su, sai aka samu wasu jama'ar suna raya cewa Isma'il ya kasance imami lokacin rayuwar mahaifinsa bayan shi sai ɗansa Muhammad ɗan Isma'il bayan shi sai imamanci ya ci gaba cikin zuriyarsa, har zuwa yau suna nan kuma suna da mabiya.[24]

Ana cewa isma'iliyya bayan imamiyya ita ce firƙa ta biyu mai yawan mabiya, mabiya wannan firƙa sun ba zu ƙasashe kusan ashirin da biya na duniya daga yankunan asiya, amurka afrika, ƙasashen turai da arewacin amurka.[25]

Zaidiyya

Tushen ƙasida: Zaidiyya

Zaidiyya su ne mabiyan Zaidu Ɗan Ali da suke imani da kasancewarsa imami.[26] ana cewa zaidiyya suna lissafa Zaidu ɗan Ali matsayin imaminsu na biyar.[27] Shaik Mufid (Wafati: 413. h. ƙ), cikin littafin Awa'ilul Al-maƙalat yana cewa zaidiyya sun yi imani da imamancin Imam Ali da Imam Hassan da Imam Husaini bayan nan sai suka tsallaka zuwa Zaidu ɗan Ali.[28] haka kan sun yi imani cewa wajibi ne Imami ya kasance daga tsatson zuriyar Faɗima (S) saboda haka duk wanda ya fito daga zuriyarta kuma ya kasance malami, jarumi, mai karamci ya kuma miƙe kan gaskiya ya yaƙi azzulumin zamaninsa shi ne imami a wurinsu.[29]

Zaidiyya ba su yarda da ismar imamai haka zalika aƙidar Raja'a, zaidiyya su saɓa da imamiyya da suke imani kan cewa akwai bayyanannen nassi kan halifancin Imam Ali (A.S), sun tafi kancewa nassin da Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi bayaninsa dangane da halifancin Imam Ali (A.S) ɓoyayyen nassi ne, kaɗai Imam Ali ya yi bayanin wannan nassi ne ga ba'arin keɓantattun sahabbansa kan asasin maslaha.[30]

Duk da cewa zaidiyya suna ganin Imam Ali (A.S) matsayin halifan Annabi (A.S) a bayansa kai tsaye babu yankewa, sai dai kuma tare da hakan suna ganin halascin halifancin halifofi uku da suka gabaci Imam Ali (A.S).[31] Muhammad Jawad Mashkur cikin littafin Farhange Firaƙ Shi'a, ya lissafo firƙoƙi goma sha shida matsayin reshen zaidiyya.[32] firƙoƙi uku: Jarudiyya, sulaimaniyya (Mabiyan Sulaiman ɗan Jarir) da butariyya (Mabiya Hassan ɗan Salihu ɗan Hayyu) su ne jigon firƙoƙin zaidiyya.[33]

ɓatattun Firƙoƙi Da Suka Zama Tarihi

Ba'ari daga muhimman firƙoƙin shi'a da aka yi a tarihi su ne:

  • Kisaniyya: wasu jama'a ne daga ƴan shi'a da suka kasance kan imani da imamancin Muhammad Hanafiyya.[34] Shaharistani a cikin littafin Al-milal wa An-nihal ya ce bayan Muhammad Hanafiyya ya rasu an samu saɓanin cikin mabiyansa.[35] ba'arinsu sun kasance kan imani cewa bai mutu ba zai dawo ya yaɗa adalci a doran ƙasa.[36] wasu ba'ari kuma suka ce ya mutu imamanci ya koma hannun ɗansa Abu Hashim.[37] a rahotan da Muhammad Jawad Mashkur ya kawo, bayan rasuwar Muhammad Hanafiyya firƙar kisaniyya ta rarrabu ta yi reshe har guda goma sha biyu.[38] bakiɗayan rassan sun yi tarayya cikin imani da imamancin Muhammad Hanafiyya.[39] ba'ari daga firƙoƙin kisaniyya da suka shahara matsayin firƙoƙin guluwi su ne: hashimiyya.[40] karubiyya,[41] hamziyya,[42]bayaniyya,[43] harbiyya.[44]
  • Faɗahiyya: wasu jama'a ne daga ƴan shi'a wanda bayan wafatin Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) suka shelanta imani da imamancin ɗansa Abdullahi Afɗahu.[45] a rahotabn Shaharistani, Abdullahi Afɗahu ya rasu kwanaki saba'in bayan rasuwar Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) kuma bai bar ɗa ko guda ɗaya ba.[46] daga ƙarshe dai aƙidar imamanci da shi ta zo ƙarshe da mutuwarsa, mabiyansa sun dawo wurin Imam Kazim (A.S).[47]
  • Nawusiyya: wata firƙa ce daga cikin shi'a da suke kan imani da cewa Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) yana nan a raye baiu mutu ba, kuma shi ne dai mahadi da ake jira da zai bayyana a ƙarshen duniya.[48] ana cewa Nawusiyya sun kasance mabiya wani mutum da ake kisar Ajlan ɗan Nawus a garin basara.[49]
  • Waƙifiyya: wasu jama'a ne daga ƴan shi'a da suka tsaya kan iya imamancin Imam Kazim (A.S) tare da inkarin imamancin ɗansa Imam Rida (A.S).[50] bisa naƙali daga littafin Rijalul Al-kashi, lokacin da Imam Kazim (A.S) yake tsare a kurkuku, akwai tarin dukiyar daga kason khumusin imam da suka rike a hannunsu basu aiko da shi ba, lokacin da suka samu labarin shahadar Imam Kazim (A.S), sai suka yi inkarin imamancin ɗansa Imam Rida (A.S) suka tsaya a iya imamancin Imam Kazim (A.S), da wannan dalili ne ake kiransu da waƙifiyya (Masu dagatawa).[51]

Firƙoƙin Gullatu

Tushen ƙasida: Gullatu

Gullatu sun kasance wasu mutane ne da suke jinginawa Imam Ali (A.S) da ƴaƴansa allantaka ko annabta, suna masu wuce iya cikin siffanta su.[52] litattafan da aka rubutu don tantance firƙoƙi sun syi saɓani cikin ambaton adadin firƙoƙin gullatu, mafi ƙaranci adadinsu da suka ambata shi ne firƙoƙi guda tara sannan mafi yawan adadi da suka ambata ya kai firƙoƙi guda 100.[53] ba'arin sanannu shahararrun firƙoƙin gullatu da ak jingina su ga shi'anci waɗanda a yanzu hyaka babu labarinsu duk sun ɓace su ne: saba'iyya, (Mabiyan Abdullahi Ɗan Saba'i), bayaniyya, khiɗabiyya, bashiriyya, mufawwiza da mugiriyya.[54]

Aliyullahi ko ahlul haƙƙi suna daga cikin sauran firƙoƙin gullatu da ake jinginawa shi'a waɗanda har zuwa yau suna da mabiya a yankunan ƙasar Iran.[55] ana cewa waɗannan mutane suna da aƙidar cewa sirrin nan da Allah ya sanar da Annabawansa shi ne dai annabta wace daga zamanin Adam har zuwa Sayyidina Muhammad ta ci gaba bayansa sai ta cirata zuwa ga Imam Ali, bayansa zuwa ga Imamai har zuwa kan Imami na sha biyu.[56] bayan gaibar Imami na sha biyu wannan sirri (Imamanci) ya cirata zuwa ga mabiya da ƙuɗubansa ɗaya bayan ɗaya yana yawo tsakaninsu.[57]

Karkatattu Jama'a Bayan Zamanin Gaiba

Naubekti cikin littafin Feraƙul Ash-shi'a, ya ambaci wasu jama'a daga shi'a da suka ɓulla bayan wafatin Imam Hassan Askari (A.S) waɗanda cikin babin ayyana wane ne Imami bayan Imam Askari, da kuma wane ne Mahadi Mau'ud, sun faɗa cikin karkata da ɓata, waɗannan jama'a sun kaance firƙoƙi goma sha huɗu.[58] alal misali wasu jama'a sun ce Imam Hassan Askari (A.S) bai yi wafati ba yana nan a raye, kuma shi ne dai mahadi ƙa'im,[59] wasu kuma sun ce a a ya rasu, amma tun da ba shi da zuriya bai bar ɗa ba, bayan mutuwarsa ya sake sabuwar rayuwa , kuma shi ne mahadi ƙa'im.[60] wasu kuma daban bayan rasuwarsa yi inkarin cewa imamanci ya cirata zuwa ɗansa Sayyidina Mahadi (A.F), sabod ahaka bayan Imam Askari (A.S) ɗan uwansa Jafar shi ne ya zama imami.[61] Shaik Mufid cikin littafin Al-fusul Al-mukhtara bisa naƙali daga Naubekti y ace dukkanin waɗannan firƙoƙi guda goma sha huɗu sun zama tarihi babu wace ta rage cikinsu.[62]

Haka nan akwai ɗaiɗaikun mutane misalin Hassan Shari'ati, Muhammad Ɗan Nusairu Numairi, Ahmad Ɗan Hilal Abaratayi da wasu ba'ari da suka kasance daga shi'a da suka da'awar babiyya (cewa su ƙofofi ne zuwa ga Imam Mahadi) suna masu cewa Imam Mahadi ne ya naɗa su na'ibansa, sannan sun samar da ƙungiyoyi da dukkanin yanzu babu su sun zama tarihi.[63]

Yawan Jama'a Da Rarrabar Yanki

Bisa rahotan da ya zo cikin littafin “Nakshe Jam'iyyat Muslimane Jahan"wanda aka rubuta shekarar 2014 m, adadin ƴan shi'a a duniya (Shi'a imamiyya, isma'iliyya da zaidiya) ya zarce miliyan 300 ma'ana kaso ɗaya cikin biyar na adadin musulmi a duniya.[64] bisa naƙalin tashar bbc farsi a shekarar 2011 m, ƙiddigar adadin shi'a isma'iliyya a duniya sun kai miliyan 15 ma'ana ƙasa da kaso goma cikin yan shi'a na duniya, galibinsu suna zaune a ƙasar Indiya, fakistan, Afganistan, Tajikistan, sannan kusan dubu talatin suna rayuwa a ƙasar Iran a jahohin khurasan, kerman, da Markazi..[65] cikin kundin birtanika wutsiyar kalmar ƙasidar “shi'a"an ce firkar nazzariya kaɗai cikin rassan isma'liyya tana da mabiyan kusan miliyan sha biyar wace ta kasance mafi yawan mabiya a rassan isma'liyya.[66]

Ana cewa zaidiyya daga cikin firƙoƙin shi'a da suke raye har zuwa yau ita ce mafi ƙarancin adadin mabiya cikin rayayyun firƙoƙin shi'a kuma galibinsu a cikin ƙarni na goma sha biyar suna rayuwa ne a ƙasar yaman; kusan sune rabin al'ummar wannan ƙasa.[67] ba'arinsu suna zaune a najra, yankunan kudancin kasar saudiyya[68] daga firƙoƙin shi'a imamiyya ce tafi sauran yawan adadin mabiya.[69] galibinsu suna rayuwa a ƙasashen Iran, Iraƙi, Fakistan da Labanun.[69]

Fihirisar Jerin Litattafai

Ba'ari daga rubuce-rubuce da aka yi masu cin gashin kansu game da firƙoƙin shi'a su ne kamar haka:

  • littafin Feraƙul Ash-shi'a na Hassan Ɗan Musa Naubekti. Wannan littafi ya kasance madogarar sanin firƙoƙin shi'a tun daga ƙarni na uku hijira ƙamari, cikin wannan littafi ƙari kan gabatar da firƙoƙin shi'a akwai bahasi mai faɗi dalla-dalla game da ba'arin wasu firƙoƙin muslunci daban. Ana cewa bisa la'akari da cewa an rubuta littafin a zamanin gaiba sugra da kuma rassantuwar firƙoƙin shi'a a wancan zamani, wannan littafi ya kasance madogara mai daraja ta ɗaya a fagen sanin firƙoƙin shi'a.[70]
  • Littafin “Ashnayi Ba Feraƙ Tashayyu"na Mahadi Farmaniyan. Wannan littafi ya tattao muƙaddima da darasussuka guda ashirin game da gabatar da firƙoƙin shi'a, ya rubuta shi ne matsayin littafin darasi da za adinga koyar da shi. Haka nan akwai bahasi guda biyu da suke ɗauke da taken “Firƙehaye Inhirafi Wa Inhshi'abi Az Mazhab Tashayyu"da “Firƙehaye Shi'i Bar Asasi Kutub Mashhur Milal Wa Nihal"wanda aka ƙara shi a ƙarshen littafin.[71]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Farmanian, Ashnayi Ba Feraq Shi’a, 1387 AH, shafi na 21-22.
  2. ↑ «گروه تاریخ و فرق تشیع»، دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب.
  3. ↑ Tabatabai, Shia Dar Islam, 1388 AH, shafi na 60.
  4. ↑ Tabatabai, Shia Dar Islam, 1388 AH, shafi na 61.
  5. ↑ Esavi, “Mukaddime”, Dar Tarikh Akayid wa Mazahib Shi’a, 1353, shafi na 9.
  6. ↑ Khatibi Kushak wa Dijran, Farhang Shi’a, 1386 AH, shafi na 358.
  7. ↑ Malti, Al-Tanbih wal-Radd, 1413 AH, shafi na 16.
  8. ↑ Baghdadi, al-Farq beinal Al-Feraq, Dar al-Jeel, shafi na 38.
  9. ↑ Shahrashtani, Al-Milal wa Al-Nihal, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 170.
  10. ↑ Tabatabai, Shi'a Dar Islam, 1388 AH, shafi na 61-62.
  11. ↑ Jafarian, Atlas Shi'a, 1387 AH, shafi na 19.
  12. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraqul al-Shia, Dar al-Azwa, shafi na 23.
  13. ↑ Jafarian, Atlas Shia, 2007, shafi 19.
  14. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraqul al-Shia, Dar al-Adwa, shafi na 22.
  15. ↑ Jafarian, Atlas Shia, 2007, shafi 19.
  16. ↑ Tabatabai, Shia Dar Islam, 1388 AH, shafi na 61; Amin, Farhangnameh Firqat-i-Haye-Islami, 1378 AH, shafi na 25.
  17. ↑ Sheikh Saduq, Al-itiqadat, 1414 BC, shafi na 93; Alama Hilli, Kashf al-Murad, 1413 AH, shafi na 397.
  18. ↑ Sheikh Saduq, Al-itiqadat, 1414 BC, shafi 122; Fadel Miqdad, Irshad al-Talibin, 1405 BC, shafi na 377.
  19. ↑ Alama Hilli, Kashf al-Murad, 1413 AH, shafi na 364; Fadel Miqdad, Irshad al-Talibin, 1405 BC, shafi na 332 da 374-375.
  20. ↑ Misali, duba Kashf al-Ghita, Kashf al-Ghita an Mubhamat Shari’a al-Gharra, 1420 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 64.
  21. ↑ Mashkoor, Farhang Feraq Islami, 1375, shafi na 47.
  22. ↑ Mashkoor, Farhang Feraq Islami, 1375, shafi na 47.
  23. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar al-Adwa, shafi na 67-68; Mashkoor, Farhang Farq Islami, 1375, shafi na 48
  24. ↑ Tabatabai, Shia Dar Islam, 1388 AH, shafi na 63.
  25. ↑ Dofferi, Tarikhu wa Akayid Ismailiyya, 2006, shafi na 11.
  26. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar al-Adwa, shafi na 58; Shahrashtani, Al-milal wa Al-Nihal, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 179.
  27. ↑ Tabatabai, Shia Dar Islam, 1388 AH, shafi na 62.
  28. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Awa'ilul Al-maqalat,Intihsrat Daneshga Tehran, shafi na 39.
  29. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Awoel Al-Makalat, Intishart Daneshaga Tehran, shafi na 39; Shahrashtani, Al-milal wa Al-Nihal, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 179.
  30. ↑ Mashkoor, Farhang Feraq Islami, 1375, shafi na 215.
  31. ↑ HamidulDin, al-Zaidiyyah, 1424H, shafi na 96; Mashkoor, Farhang Feraq Islami, 1375, shafi na 216.
  32. ↑ Na gode, Farhang Feraq Islami, shafi na 216.
  33. ↑ Shahrastani, Al-Milal wal-Nihal, 1364 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 183. ↑
  34. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar Al-Azwa Publications, shafi na 23.
  35. ↑ Shahrashtani, Al-Milal wa Al-Nihal, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 37.
  36. ↑ Shahrashtani, Al-Milal wa Al-Nihal, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 37.
  37. ↑ Shahrashtani, Al-Milal wa Al-Nihal, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 37.
  38. ↑ Mashkoor, Farhang Feraq Islami, 1375, shafi na 375.
  39. ↑ Baghdadi, Al-Farq Bainal Al-Feraq, 1977, shafi na 27.
  40. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar Al-Adwa Publications, shafi na 30-31; Ash’ari, Kissa Al-Islami, 1400H, shafi na 20.
  41. ↑ Khwarazmi, Mufatih al-Uloom, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, shafi na 49; Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar al-Azwa Publications, shafi na 27.
  42. ↑ Ash’ari Qomi, Al-Maqalaat wa al-Feraq, 1361, shafi na 56.
  43. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar Al-Azwa Publications, shafi na 34; Baghdadi, al-Feraq beinal Al-Feraq, 1977, shafi na 28; Muqrizi, Al-Mo'aaz wa Al-Sagha, 1418 AH, Juzu'i na 4, shafi na 182.
  44. ↑ Ash'ari, Maqalaat wa Feraq, 1361, shafi na 28; Ash’ari, Al-maqalat Al-Islami, 1400H, shafi na 22.
  45. ↑ Shahrastani, Al-Milal wal-Nihal, 1364 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 195-196.
  46. ↑ Shahrastani, Al-Milal wal-Nihal, 1364 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 169.
  47. ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Ikhtiyar Ma’rifat al-Rijal, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 161.
  48. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar al-Adwa, shafi na 67; Shahrashtani, Al-milal wa Al-Nihal, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 197.
  49. ↑ Sobhani, Buhus Fi Al-milal wa Al-Nihal, 1427 AH, Mujalladi na 7, shafi na 52.
  50. ↑ Sobhani, Buhus Fi Al-milal wa Al-Nihal, 1427 AH, Mujalladi na 8, shafi na 379.
  51. ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Ikhtiyar Ma’rifat al-Rijal, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi 493.
  52. ↑ Shaykh Mufid, Tashihu al-Ithiqadat, 1414H, shafi na 131.
  53. ↑ Misali, duba Safari Forushani, Ghalian (Chavoshi dar juryaneha wa bar ayendeha), 1378, shafi 61-62.
  54. ↑ Ash’ariy, Maqalat al-Islamiyyin, 1400H, shafi na 15; Shahrastani, Al-Milal wal-Nihal, 1364 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 210; Nobakhti, Freaqul Al-Shi'a, Dar Al-Adwa Publications, shafi na 63 da 83.
  55. ↑ Farhang Firaq-e-Islami, 1375H, shafi na 78.
  56. ↑ Farhang Firq Islami, 1375 AH, shafi na 78-79.
  57. ↑ Farhang Firq Islami, 1375 AH, shafi na 78-79..
  58. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar al-Adwa, shafi na 96
  59. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar al-Adwa, shafi na 96
  60. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar al-Adwa, shafi na 97
  61. ↑ Nobakhti, Feraq al-Shia, Dar al-Adwa, shafi na 98
  62. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Al-Fusul Al-Mukhtarah, 1413 AH, shafi na 321.
  63. ↑ Misali, duba Sheikh Tusi, Al-Ghaibah, 1411 AH, shafi na 398-398; Safari Forushani, Ghalian (Juryanha wa bar ayendeha), 1378, shafi 133-136.
  64. ↑ Taghizadeh Davari, Nakshe Jam'iyat Musliman Jahan, 2014, shafi na 11
  65. ↑ «شیعیان اسماعیلی ایران؛ اقلیتی به دور از جنجال»، سایت خبرگزاری بی بی سی فارسی.
  66. ↑ Newman, Shiʿi, Britannica.
  67. ↑ Farmanian, Ashnay Ba Firaq Shi’a, 1387 AH, shafi na 101.
  68. ↑ Farmanian, Ashnay Ba Firaq Shi’a, 1387 AH, shafi na 101.
  69. ↑ Newman, Shiʿi, Britannica.
  70. ↑ Mashkoor, "Pishguftar", dar kitabe tarjameh Feraq al-Shi'a, 1353, shafi na 10-9.
  71. ↑ Farmanian, Ashnay Ba Firaq Al-Shi’a, 1387 AH, shafi na 7-16.

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