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Hadis As'habi Kannujumi

Daga wikishia
Hadis As'habi Kannujumi
Hadisu "As'habi Kannujumi" wani ɓangare daga rubutun hannu na Hashim Al-Bagdadi a shekarar 1382 ƙamari
Hadisu "As'habi Kannujumi" wani ɓangare daga rubutun hannu na Hashim Al-Bagdadi a shekarar 1382 ƙamari
Sunaye Na DabanHadis Iƙtida da Ihtida
Maudu'iMatsayin sahabbai cikin shiriya
Ya Fito Dagaana jingina shi ga Annabi Akram (S.A.W)
Ingancin IsnadiDa'ifi
Madogaran Shi'aBasa'irud Darajat, Uyunu Akhbarir Rida
Madogaran Ahlus-sunnaMuntakhabul Musnad, Al-Ibanatul Kubra, Almadkhal Ilal Al-Sunan, Musnad Shahab
Hadis Silsilatuz Zahab • Hadis Saƙlaini • Maƙbulatu Umar Bin Hanzala • Hadis Ƙurbu Nawafil • Hadis Mi'iraj • Hadis Wilaya • Hadis Wisaya • Hadis Junud Aƙli Wa Jahal • Hadis Shajara


Hadis As'habi Kannujumi ko Hadis Iƙtadi Wa Ihtidi, (Larabci: حديث أَصحابي كالنُّجوم) wata riwaya ce da ake jinginawa Annabi Akram (S.A.W) wace daga gare ta ne malaman Ahlus-Sunna suka fahimci wajabcin bin sahabbbai ba tare da dabaibayi da sharaɗi da kuma kasancewar baki ɗayansu adalai.

Malaman Shi'a da ba'arin malaman Ahlus-Sunna suna ganin rashin ingancin wannan riwaya da kuma kasancewar ta wace aka ƙirƙira, bisa imanin malaman Shi'a, ingancin wannan riwaya na nufin isma da kore aikata lefi ga baki ɗayan sahabbai wanda kuma sakamakon saɓani da rikice-rikice da ya faru tsakaninsu ba za a yarda da wannan riwayar ba. Haka kuma wannan riwaya ba ta dacewa da ayoyi da wasu riwayoyi waɗanda cikinsu aka zargi sahabbai bisa wasu ayyuka marasa kyau da suka aikata, malaman Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna Sun yi rubuce-rubuce cikin suka da kan wannan riwaya.

A imanin malaman Shi'a, kaɗai wannan riwayar idan ma ta inganta to kaɗai za ta kasance game da ba'arin sahabbai waɗanda bayan Annabi (S.A.W) ba su kauce daga kan hanyarsa ba. Akwai naƙali biyu cikin litattafan Shi'a game da wannan riwaya, wanda cikinsu aka bayyana Ahlul-Baiti matsayin sahabbai da suke kasancewa sababin shiriya.

Madogara Kan Tabbatar Da Adalcin Sahabbai

Sahabi Kannujumi ko Hadis Iƙtida'i da Ihtida, wata riwaya ce da aka naƙalto daga Annabi Akram (S.A.W) da take ihara da nuni ga matsayin sahabbai cikin shiriyar da mutane.[1] Mutum na farko da ya naƙalto wannan riwaya shi ne Ibn Humaidi daga Ahlus-Sunna[2] (Rasuwa: 290 hijira).[3]

An ce wannan riwaya ita ce tushen ba'arin aƙidun Ahlus-Sunna kamar tabbatar da ingancin bin ga sahabbai ba tare da wani ƙaidi da sharaɗi ba.[4] Haka kuma kasancewarsu makoma da ababen kwaikwayo[5] tsarkakuwar baki ɗayansu,[6] kasancewarsu ababen yabo,[7] fifitarsu kan sauran mutane[8] da kuma adalcin baki ɗayansu.[9] Na'am wasu suna cewa abin nufi daga wannan riwaya, shi ne ingancin bin sahabbai cikin naƙali da yarda da abin da suke naƙaltowa, ba wai bin su cikin fatawa ba.[10]

Mahangar Malaman Shi'a

Sakamakon raunin sanadi na wannan riwaya, saɓawa da tarihi da dalilai na yankan shakku na hankali da naƙali, malaman Shi'a suna ganin wannan riwaya matsayi ƙirƙirarra.[11] A fahimatar su idan ma riwayar za ta inganta, to ba zai yiwu ace ta shafi dukkanin sahabbai ba, kaɗai tana magana ne kan wasu tsiraru daga sahabbai sune Imam Ali (A.S), Imam Hassan da Imam Husaini (A.S)[12]

Bambancin Nassin Riwayar A Litattafan Shi'a Da Ahlus-Sunna

Hadis Iƙtida da Ihtida an naƙalto shi da mabambantan lafuzza a litattafan Ahlus-Sunna:

  • «إنّما اصحابی کالنجوم بأَیهم اقتَدَیتُم اهتَدَیتم» (Kaɗai dai sahabbaina kamar taurari suke duk wanda kuka bi za ku shiriya)[13]
  • «فی السماء، فَأَیما أَخَذتُم بِه اِهْتَدَیتُم» (Lallai sahabbaina suna matsayin taurari ne a cikin sama; duk wanda kuka bi daga cikinsu, za ku shiriya).[14]
  • «مَثَلُ أَصحابی مَثَلُ النُجوم، مَن اقْتَدی بِشَیءٍ مِنها اِهتَدی» (Misalin sahabbaina kamar taurari ne; duk wanda ya bi ɗaya daga cikinsu, zai samu shiriya.)[15]

An ce naƙali na ƙarshe shi ne ya fi shahara daga sauran;[16] duk da cewa wannan ƙanƙanin saɓani da aka samu cikin lafuzzan hadisin ba ya haifar da canji cikin ma'anar hadisin.[17]

Ayyana Ahlul-Baiti Da Ma'anar Sahabbai A Cikin Naƙalin Shi'a

Wannan riwaya an naƙalto ta tare da mabanbanta lafuzza cikin litattafai da madogaran Shi'a:

  • Muhammad Bin Hassan Saffar Ƙummi (Rasuwa: 290 hijira), a cikin littafin Basa'irud Darajat: ya naƙalto cewa bayan Annabi Akram (S.A.W) ya yi wasicci da yin aiki da Kur'ani da sunnarsa, sai kuma daga baya ya bayyana cewa maganganun sahabbansa ma'auni ne na aiki tare da nuna cewa haƙiƙa sahabbansa kamar misalin taurari ne masu shiriyarwa, lokacin da aka tambaye shi su wane ne waɗannan sahabbai, sai yace: Iyalan gidana.[18]
  • Shaik Saduƙ (Rasuwa: 381 hijira), cikin littafin Uyunu Akhbarir Rida (A.S): cikin wannan naƙali, an tambayi Imam Rida (A.S) ingancin wannan hadisi, Imam ya bayyana cewa abin nufi da sahabbai sune sahabban Annabi (S.A.W) waɗanda ba su canja ba, bas u sauya ba a bayansa.[19]

An ce kan asasin wannan riwaya, kaɗai Ahlul-Baiti ne za su kasance waɗanda ake nufi da sahabbai, kuma riwayoyi misalign Hadis Safina, Hadis Saƙlaini da Hadis Kisa'i suna ƙarfafa wannan magana.[20] Cikin ba'arin madogaran Ahlus-Sunna ma a maimakon «أصحابی کالنجوم» lafazin «أهلُ بیتی کالنجوم بأیهم اقتدیتم اهتدیتم» ya zo.[21]

Matsalolin Da Suke Cikin Abin da Yake Cikin Riwayar

Malaman Shi'a cikin raddi kan ma'anar da Ahlus-Sunna suka ciro daga wannan hadisi na (As'habi Kannujumi) sun kawo wasu dalilai da za a iya karkasa su rukuni uku:

  • Yarda da abin da yake cikin riwayar da abin da yake lazimtarsa, misalin isma, adalci da shiriyar baki ɗayan sahabbai, bai yiwuwa a ba da hujja sakamakon saɓani da rikice-rikice da suka kasance tsakanin sahabbai wanda har ta kai ga yaƙi da zubar jini tsakaninsu.[22]
  • Abin da yake cikin wannan riwaya ba ya dacewa da ayoyin Kur'ani mai girma kamar misalin aya ta 15 da 16 suratul anfal, aya ta 16, 23, 24, 25, 38, 86, 87 da 107 suratul tauba da aya ta 11 suratul juma'a, ayoyi ne da suka kasance suna zargin sahabbai ta kuma ishara game da samuwar munafukai cikin sahabbai.[23]
  • Abin da yake cikin hadisin yana cin karo da wasu riwayoyi da aka naƙalto daga Annabi (S.A.W) da suka zo cikin hana bin sahabbai[Tsokaci 1], da kuma riddar ba'arin sahabbai[Tsokaci 2], da riwayoyi da suka kawo bayanin iƙrarin ba'arin sahabbai da jahilcinsu cikin hukunce-hukuncen addini,[24] da rashin riƙon wasunsu da addini[25] da kuma ƙirƙirar bidi'a[26] daga ba'arinsu.[27]

Ra'ayin Malaman Ahlus-Sunna Game da Ƙirƙirarrun Riwayoyi Da Masu Raunin Sanadi

Ba'arin malaman Ahlus-Sunna misalin Ibn Hazam (Rasuwa: 456 hijira),[28] Ibn Abdul-Barri Ƙurɗubi (Rasuwa: 463 hijira),[29] Ibn Ƙudama (Rasuwa: 620 hijira)[30] Abu Hayyan Andulusi (Rasuwa: 745 hijira)[31] Ibn Ƙayyim Jauziyya (Rasuwa: 751 hijira),[32] Ibn Abi Izzi Hanafi (Rasuwa: 792 hijira)[33] da Muhammad Nasirud-dini Albani (Rasuwa: 14290 hijira)[34] duka sun tafi kan cewa riwayar Sahabi Kannujumi ƙirƙirarriyar riwaya ce ta ƙarya.

Haka kuma wasu daga cikin malamai misalin Baihaƙi (Rasuwa: 458 hijira)[35] Ibn Taimiyya (Rasuwa: 728 hijira)[36] Ibn Mulaƙƙan (Rasuwa: 804 hijira),[37] Sakhawi (Rasuwa: 902 hijira)[38] da Mubarakfur babban malamin hadisi da fiƙihu a ƙarni na 13 hijira wanda ya rayu cikin yankin tsibirin Indiya ya kuma rasu shekara 1353 hijira,[39] suna da ra'ayin cewa wannan riwaya tana da rauni sosai kuma an naƙalto ne a litattafai marasa inganci.

Haka kuma an ce malaman fannin ilimin rijal na Ahlus-Sunna sun bayyana cewa wannan riwaya ce ƙirƙirarriya mara inganci.[40]

Kuma Ku Duba

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Subhani, Al-Ilahiyat, 1412ƙ, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 443; Turkashvand, “Naƙde Wa Barrasi Sanadi Wa Dalali Hadis As'habi Kannujumi,” shafi na 132.
  2. ↑ Ibn Hamid, Muntakhabul Al-Musnad, 1408ƙ, shafi. 215.
  3. ↑ Bustani, "Wakawe Ruyekerdi Shi'ieh Beh Hadisi "As'habi Kannujoom", shafi. 160.
  4. ↑ Zamakhshari, Al-Kashaf, 1407ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 628.
  5. ↑ Ibn Asakir, Tabyin Kizbil Al-Muftari, 1404ƙ, shafi na 420.
  6. ↑ Al-Ghazali, Al-Ethiƙsadi fi al-Itƙad, 1424ƙ, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 131-132.
  7. ↑ Rifai Hosseini, Al-Burhan, 1408ƙ, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 23.
  8. ↑ Haythami, Majma' al-Zawa'id, 1412ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 615.
  9. ↑ Saffarini, Luwame' al-Anwar, 1402ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 53.
  10. ↑ Aini, Umada Al-ƙari, Dar Ihya Al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i. 10, ku. 202; Ibn Abd al-Barr, al-Astazkar, 1421ƙ, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 7.
  11. ↑ Ibn Shazan, Al-Eydhah, 1363SH, shafi. 521; Sheikh Mufid, al-Ifsah, 1414ƙ, shafi. 49; Abul Salah Halabi, Taƙreeb al-Maarif, 1404ƙ, shafi na 393-397; Karajki, al-Ta'ajjub, 1421ƙ, shafi. 94.
  12. ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Talkhis al-Shafi, 1383ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 249; Ibn Tawus, al-Taraif, 1400 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 523; Ƙummi Shirazi, al-Arba'in, 1418ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 305; Shushtari, al-Sawarim al-Muhriƙa, 1367ƙ, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 5.
  13. ↑ Ibn Bata al-Akbari, Al-Ibanah al-Kubra, 1426ƙ, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 210.
  14. ↑ Bayhaƙi, Al-Madkhal Ilas-Sunan, 1437ƙ, juzu’i. 2, shafi. 580.
  15. ↑ Ƙadha'i, Musnad al-Shahab, 1407ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 275.
  16. ↑ Turkashvand, “Naƙze Wa Barrasi Sanadi Wa Dalali Hadis “Sahabi Kannujum”, shafi na 132.
  17. ↑ Turkashvand, “Naƙze Wa Barrasi Sanadi Wa Dalali Hadis “Sahabi Kannujum”, shafi na 132.
  18. ↑ Safar, Basair al-Derajat, 1404ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 11.
  19. ↑ Sheikh Saduƙ, Uyoun Akhbar al-Rida, 1404ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 87.
  20. ↑ Turkashvand, “Naƙze Wa Barrasi Sanadi Wa Dalali Hadis “Sahabi Kannujum”, shafi na 140.
  21. ↑ Ibn Hajar Asƙalani, Lisan al-Mizan, 2002M, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 404; Dhahabi, Mu'jam al-Shuyukh al-Kabir, 1408ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 43.
  22. ↑ Ibn Hayyun, Da'a'im al-Islam, 1385ƙ, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 87; Abul Salah Halabi, Taƙreeb al-Maarif, 1404ƙ, shafi na 393 da shafi na 396-397; Karajki, Al-Ta'ajjub Min Aglat al-Aglat, 1421ƙ, shafi. 95; Ibn Tawoos, al-Taraif, 1400ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 523; Ameli Nabati, Al-Sarat Al-Mustaƙim, 2004 A.H., juzu'i na 3, shafi na 146; Shushtri, Al-Sawaram Al-Muhriƙa, 1367ƙ, shafi na 5.
  23. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-Ifsah fi al-Imamah, 1413ƙ, shafi na 54-63; Abul Salah Halabi, Taƙreeb al-Maarif, 1404ƙ, shafi na 393-394.
  24. ↑ Duba: Taftazani, Sharh al-Maƙasid, 1401ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 294; Hanafi, Falak al-Najat, 1418ƙ, shafi. 149.
  25. ↑ Darami, Sunan, 1349 ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 51; Tabarani, Al-Mu'jam Al-Kabir, 1405ƙ, juzu'i. 11, shafi. 359.
  26. ↑ Sarkhsi, Al-Mobsut, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i. 24, shafi. 7
  27. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Al-Ifsah fi al-Imamah, 1413ƙ, shafi na 49 da 54; Abul Salah Halabi, Taƙreeb al-Maarif, 1404ƙ, shafi na 394-396; Muzaffar, Dala'ilul al-Sidƙi, 1422ƙ, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 433-434.
  28. ↑ Ibn Hazm, Al-Ihkam fi Usul Al-Ahkam, 1404ƙ, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 61.
  29. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr ƙurtubi, Jame Bayan al-Ilm wa Fazlihi, 1398ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 90-91.
  30. ↑ Ibn Ƙudamah, Al-Muntakhab Min Ilalil Al-Khalal, Dar al-Raya, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 143.
  31. ↑ Abu Hayyan, Al-Bahr al-Muhait, 1420ƙ, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 582.
  32. ↑ Ibn ƙayyim, Al-I'ilamul Al-Mowaƙƙi'in, 1411ƙ, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 171.
  33. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Ezz, Sharh al-Tahawiyyah, 1418ƙ, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 132.
  34. ↑ Albani, Sifftaus Salat al-Nabi (S.A.W), Maktaba al-Maarif, shafi na. 49.
  35. ↑ Bayhaƙi, al-Madkhal al-ilmis al-Sunan, 1437ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 581.
  36. ↑ Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhaj al-Sunnah, 1406ƙ, juzu’i. 8, shafi. 364.
  37. ↑ Ibn Mulƙan, al-Badar al-Munir, 1426ƙ, juzu'i. 9, shafi. 584.
  38. ↑ Sakhavi, Al-Maƙasid al-Hasna, 1375ƙ, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 27.
  39. ↑ Mubarakfouri, Tohfa Al-Ahwazi, 1410ƙ, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 155.
  40. ↑ Turkashvand, “Naƙze Wa Barrasi Sanadi Wa Dalali Hadis “Sahabi Kannujum”, shafi na 135-136.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Zai kasance akwai fitina tsakanin sahabbaina. Allah zai gafarta musu saboda kyakkyawan tarihin imani da suka gabata. Amma duk wata al'umma da ta bi sahabbai a cikin wannan fitina, Allah zai jefa su cikin wutar Jahannama.Muttaki Hindi, Kanzul Ummal, 1998m, juzu'i 11 shafiu 87
  2. ↑ Akwai ruwayoyi kamar ruwayar 'Dhul-Shimal' wadda Manzon Allah (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi) ya yi nuni da cewa wasu daga cikin sahabbai za su koma baya kuma su yi ridda bayan wafatinsa, kuma za a sanya su cikin sahun 'yan hagu." (Sahih Tirmidhi, Sunan Tirmidhi, 1403 H, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 4; Al-Hakim an-Naysaburi, Al-Mustadrak, 1411 H, juzu’i na 34, shafi na 8)

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«نقد و بررسی سندی و دلالی حدیث صحابی کالنجوم», (Sukaci da Binciken Sanadi da Ma’ana na Hadisin ‘Sahabbai kamar taurari ne’.) Mujallar Kullum-ta-shekara ta Kalam al‑Islami, lamba ta 97, bazarar shekarar 2016M.

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