Daƙiƙa:Wankan Wajibi
 | Wannan wani rubutu ne na siffantawa game da wata ma'ana ta fiƙihu, kuma ba za ta iya zama ma'auni ga ayyukan addini ba, domin ayyukan addini sai a koma zuwa ga wasu madogaran na daban. |
| Sashe dagaHukunce-hukuncen Aiki da na Fiƙihu |
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Wankan da ya zama wajibi su ne wankuna da ake yi domin cire hadasul akbar (babban kari), ko kuma waɗanda suka wajaba saboda bakance, rantsuwa ko makamantansu. Yin wankuna guda shida (na asali) sharaɗi ne ga ingancin wasu ibadu kamar sallah. Waɗannan wankuna su ne: wankan janaba, wankan gawa (mayyit), wankan taɓa gawa, da kuma wankuna uku na mata wato: wankan haila, nifasi, da istihada.
A ra'ayin malamai na fiƙihu, yin wankuna wajibi ba wajibi ba ne don kansa (nafsi); sai dai suna zama wajibi ne domin aiwatar da ayyukan da aka sharɗanta musu samun tsarki. Amma wankan nadari, alkawari, da rantsuwa, sun wajaba ne kawai saboda wajibcin cika alƙawuran shari'a, kuma ba sa cikin sharaɗin gudanar da ibadu.
Mafi yawan malaman Shi'a suna ganin cewa idan wankuna da dama sun hau kan mutum, zai iya yin wanka guda ɗaya da niyyar dukkan su. Dukkan malaman Shi'a kuma sun tafi a kan cewa bayan wankan janaba ba a sake alwala, kuma da dama daga cikinsu sun yi iƙirarin cewa akwai ijma'i (haɗin kan malamai) a kan wannan mas'ala. Sai dai game da sauran wankuna wajibi (ko suna maye gurbin alwala), akwai saɓanin ra'ayi a tsakanin malamai.
Bayani da Muhimmancin Wankan Wajibi
Wankan wajibi shi ne wankan da yake wajaba a kan mutum saboda faruwar hadasul akbar (babban kari), kuma ta hanyar yin sa ne ake samun tsarki. Muhimmancin waɗannan wankuna a ɓangaren fiƙhu shi ne cewa, kamar yadda fatawowin malamai suka nuna, ingancin wasu ibadu kamar sallah, azumi, da wasu ayyukan hajji yana rataye ne da yin waɗannan wankuna.
Haka nan kuma, ba ya halatta mutum ya shiga masallatai, ko haraman Imaman Shi'a, ko taɓa ayoyin Kur'ani mai girma ba tare da ya yi waɗannan wankuna ba. Game da wankuna uku na mata (haila, nifasi, da istihada), a ra'ayin da ya shahara tsakanin malamai, yin su ya zama dole kafin saduwar aure (jima'i). Amma game da wankan bakance da sauran wankuna da suka wajaba saboda rantsuwa ko alƙawari, ingancin ibadu ba ya dogara a kansu.
Rabe-raben Wankan Wajibi
A fiƙhun Shi'a, wankuna guda shida tare da wankan nadari da rantsuwa su ne waɗanda suke da wajibci:[1]
Wankuna shida su ne:
- Wankan janaba
- Wankan taɓa gawa
- Wankan gawa
- Wankuna uku na mata waɗanda suke zama wajibi saboda jini guda uku: (Wankan haila, wankan nifasi, da wankan istihada).
Sannan akwai wankan da yake wajaba saboda bakance, alƙawari ko rantsuwa; misali mutumin da ya yi nadarin yin wanka domin yin ziyara.[2] Bisa mahangar da ta shahara a tsakanin malamai, wankan gawa da wankan nadari ne kawai suke da wajibcin kansu (wujub nafsi). Amma sauran wankunan, wajibcinsu na dalili ne (wujub gairi); ma'ana yin su ba wajibi ba ne don kansu, sai dai suna zama wajibi ne domin aiwatar da ayyukan da aka sharɗanta musu samun tsarki.[3]
Hukunce-hukuncen Wankan Wajibi
A cikin matani na fiƙhun Shi'a, an bayyana wasu hukunce-hukunci game da wankuna wajibi:
- Hanyar yin wankuna tana kasancewa ne ko dai a jere (tartibi) ko kuma ta hanyar nutsewa gaba ɗaya cikin ruwa (irtimasi).[4]
- Lokacin yin wankun da suke sharadin ibada ne (kamar wankan janaba) yana dogara ne da lokacin gudanar da ita kanta ibadar; misali, mutumin da yake son yin azumi dole ne ya yi wanka kafin fitar alfijir.[5] Ga sallah kuma, wankan yana zama wajibi ne a lokacin gudanar da sallar.[6]
Hukuncin Alwala Bayan Wankan Wajibi
Malaman fiƙhun Shi'a suna kallon wankan janaba a matsayin mai maye gurbin alwala, har ma an yi da'awar ijma'i (yarjejeniyar malamai) a kan hakan.[7] Mafi yawancin malamai (mashhur) ma suna ganin cewa yin alwala bayan wankan janaba ya saɓa wa shari'a;[8] duk da cewa Shaik Ɗusi ya bayar da fatawar mustahabbancin yin alwala tare da wankan janaba.[9]
Game da ko sauran wankuna na wajibi suna wadatarwa ga alwala, manyan malaman fiƙihu suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban, inda mafi yawancinsu suka tafi akan ra'ayin cewa ba sa wadatarwa.[10]
Daga cikin manyan malaman ƙarni na sha huɗu da na sha biyar na bayan hijira, malamai irin su Khuyi, Sistani, da Shubairi Zanjani, suna ganin cewa da kowane wankan wajibi (in ban da wankan istihada matsakaiciya) mutum zai iya yin sallah ba tare da ya sake yin alwala ba.
Yin Wanka Guda Ɗaya a Madadin Wankuna Da Yawa
Idan mutum yana da wankuna da dama a kansa, walau na wajibi ne ko na mustahabbai (ko kuma cakuden duka biyun), idan ya yi wanka guda ɗaya tare da yin niyyar kowannensu, to wankansa ya inganta ga dukkaninsu.[11] Haka nan idan dukkan wankunan mustahabbai ne, ko kuma wasu na wajibi ne wasu kuma na mustahabbi, a wurin mafi yawan malaman fiƙihu wanka guda ɗaya ya wadatar.[12]
Batutuwa Masu Alaƙa
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Bahrani, Al-Hada'iƙ An-Nadira, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 182; Hamadani, Misbahul Faƙih, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 219; Amoli, Misbahul Huda, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 70.
- ↑ Bahrani, Al-Hada'iƙ An-Nadira, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 182; Hamadani, Misbahul Faƙih, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 219; Amoli, Misbahul Huda, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 70.
- ↑ Khomaini, Attaliƙa Ala Al-Urwatil Wusƙa, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 466; Ɗabaɗaba'i Hakim, Mustamsakul Urwa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 68, 72 da 341.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 522.
- ↑ Hakim, Mustamsakul Urwatil Wusƙa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 38.
- ↑ Risalatu Taudihil Masa'il Ayatullah Makarim Shirazi, sashen wanka, mas'ala ta 373.
- ↑ Shaik Ɗusi, Al-Khilaf, shafi na 131, mas'ala ta 74; Allama Hilli, Mukhtalafush Shi'a, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 339; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 240.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 240.
- ↑ Allama Hilli, Mukhtalafush Shi'a, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 340.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 240; Hakim, Mustamsakul Urwa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 345.
- ↑ Hakim, Mustamsakul Urwatil Wusƙa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 137.
- ↑ Naraƙi, Mustanadush Shi'a, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 367; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 114 da 137; Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatul Wuƙa, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 522 da 525; Hakim, Mustamsakul Urwa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 137 da 140.
Nassoshi
- Allama Hilli, Hassan Bin Yusuf, Mukhtalafush Shi'a fi Ahkamish Shari'a, Qom, Ofishin Intisharat Islami da ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin Qom, bugu na biyu, 1413H.
- Amoli, Mirza Muhammad Taƙi, Misbahul Huda, Tehran, babu sunan mawallafa, 1380H.
- Bahrani, Yusuf Bin Ahmad, Al-Hada'iƙ An-Nadira, Qom, Ofishin Intisharat Islami da ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin Qom, babu tarihin bugu.
- Hakim, Sayyid Muhsin, Mustamsakul Urwa, Beirut, Darul Ihya'il Turasil Arabi, babu tarihin bugu.
- Hamadani, Agha Rida, Misbahul Faƙih, Qom, Cibiyar Jafariyya Li Ihya'il Turas, 1419H.
- Khomaini, Sayyid Ruhullah, Attaliƙa Ala Al-Urwatil Wusƙa, Qom, Ofishin Intisharat Islami da ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin Qom, 1421H.
- Najafi, Muhammad Hassan, Jawahirul Kalam, Beirut, Dar Ihya'il Turas, 1362Sh.
- Naraƙi, Ahmad Bin Muhammad Mahadi, Mustanadush Shi'a, Mashhad, Cibiyar Alul Baiti (Alaihimus salam) li-Ihya'il Turas, babu tarihin bugu.
- Risalatu Taudihil Masa'il Ayatullah Makarim Shirazi, Qom, Madrase Imami Ali bin Abi Ɗalib, bugu na hamsin da biyu, 1429H.
- Shaik Ɗusi, Muhammad Bin Hassan, Al-Khilaf, babu wurin bugu, Cibiyar Intisharate Islami, babu tarihin bugu.
- Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, Qom, Ofishin Intisharat Islami da ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin, 1421H.