Salatul Aya

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Risala Ilmiyya

Salatul Ayat (Larabci: صلاة الآيات) ko Sallar aya, tana cikin jerin sallolin wajibi da ake yinta yayin faruwa ɗaya daga bala’o’in na ɗabi’a misalin Girgizar ƙasa kisfewar rana ko wata ko wata ƙarfaffar guguwa mai nauyi wacce take jajawur tare da ta tsoratar Aksarin Mutane. Sallar Aya raka’a biyu ce cikin kowacce raka’a ana yin ruku’u guda biyar, ana yin wannan sallah cikin tsari guda biyu: tsari na farko gabanin rankwafawa ruku’u za a karanta Fatiha da kammalalliyar sura kafin kowacce ruku’u cikin ruku’u guda biyar, sannan a tsari na biyu bayan Fatiha za rarraba sura guda ɗaya zuwa kashi biyar kafin ruku’u za karanta kaso guda daga wannan sura, cikin wannan tsari na biyu kafin kowacce ruku’u daga ruku’u guda biyar bayan fatuha kafa ɗaya ta ruku’u za a karanta kafaa ɗaya daga kashi biyar na wannan sura. Idan Sallar ta kasance sakamakon wani bala’i saɓanin Kisfewar Rana ko wata, duk lokacin da za a yi ta za a yita da niyyar sauke wajibi; amma idan ta kasance sakamakon kisfewar rana ko wata za a yita kaɗai da niyyar sauke wajibi daidai lokacin Kisfewar rana da watan, amma idan ya zamana bayan kisfewar ne to za a yita da niyya ƙara’i (ramuwa)

Ta’arifi Da Sanya Suna

Sallar aya, wata sallah ce da ake yinta yayin faruwar musibu na ɗabi’a misalin kisfewar rana da wata ko girgizar ƙasa.[1] da kuma sauran musibu na ɗabi’a da suke haifar da jin tsoron aksarin mutane.[2] kamar misalin ƙaƙƙarfar guguwar iska mai turnuƙewa ta zama jajawur ko ruwan ɗorawa hakan yana wajabta yin sallar aya.[3] ayat sigar jam’i ce daga kalmar aya da take bada ma’anar alama,[4] a cikin riwaya ya zo cewa kisfewar rana ko kisfewar wata (lunar eclipse) suna daga cikin ayoyin Allah.[5]

Cikin wasu riwayoyi ba a ambaceta da sunan sallar aya ba, an amfani da sunan sallar kusufi.[6] amma cikin litattafan fiƙihu anyi amfani da sunayen biyu.[7] sun ce dalili kiranta da wannan suna na sallar aya akwai tsammanin cewa ɗan Adam yana ganin wannan alama daga musibu matsayin ƙudura da ikon Allah kan komai da komai,[8] Annabi (S.A.W) shima a ranar mutuwar ɗansa Ibrahim lokacin da rana ta kisfe ya bayyana cewa rana da wata halittu ne da suke ƙarƙashin umarnin Ubangiji, ya ƙara da cewa duk sanda ɗaya cikinsu ya kisfe ku yi sallar aya.[9]

Tarihi

Sallar aya ta fara wajaba kan Musulmai a shekara ta biyu bayan hijira, bisa rahotan masadir ɗin tarihi lokacin da Ibrahin ɗan Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya rasu, daidai wannan lokaci sai rana ta yi kusufi, wasu jama’a sai suka raya cewa rana ta yi kusufi ne sakamakon rasuwar Ibrahim, sai dai cewa Annabi (S.A.W) ya bayyana musu cewa Kisfewar rana da wata suna daga ayoyi da alamomin Ubangiji da suke karɓar umarni daga gare shi ba su da alaƙa da mutuwa ko rayuwar wani,[10] sannan ya bada umarni cewa duk sanda rana ko wata suka yi kusufi a yi sallar aya sannan shi kansa ya jagoranci sallah aya tare da musulmai.[11]

Yanda Ake Yinta

Sallar aya raka’a biyu ce kowacce raka’a ana mata ruku’u biyar, ana yin wannan sallah cikin tsari da hanya guda biyu.[12] Hanya ta farko: kafin kowacce ruku’u za a karanta Fatiha da cikakkiyar sura,[13] cikin wannan tsari bayan kabbarar harama sai a fara karanta Fatiha idan an gama a karata wata sura cikakkiya, sannan a rankwafa ruku’u, haka zamu yi ta yi har zuwa ɗagowa daga ruku’u ta biyar, bayan nan sai mu yi sujjada bayan gama sujjada biyu sai mu tashi zuwa raka’a ta biyu, raka’a ta biyu za mu maimaita abin da mu ka yi a raka ta farko sannan mu tafi sujjada idan mun ɗago daga sujjada ta biyu sai mu zauna zaman Tashahhud (tahiyya) bayan Tashahhud sai mu yi sallama.[14] Hanya ta biyu: cikin wannan tsari cikin kowacce raka’a zamu karanta Fatiha da sura sai dai cewa akwai ɗan banbanci da za mu yi bayaninsa kamar haka, da farko za mu ƙara Fatiha ƙafa ɗaya sai mu kasa sura ɗaya zuwa gida biyar kafin kowacce ruku zamu karanta kaso ɗaya daga guda biyar da muka kasa ba tare da maimaita fatiha ba.[15]

A fatawar Malaman fiƙihu, za mu iya amfani da hanya ta farko a cikin raka’ar farko sannan mu yi amfani da hanya ta biyu cikin raka’a ta biyu.[16] [yadahst 2]

Mustahabbi

Ba’arin Mustahabban cikin sallar aya sun kasance kamar haka:

  • karanta Al-ƙunut kafin rankwafawa ruku’u ta biyu, ta huɗu, ta shida, ta takwas da goma.[17]
  • ayyukan da suka kasance mustahabbi a sallolin farilla na kowacce rana sun kasance mustahabbi cikin sallar aya; na’am cikin sallar aya mustahabbin faɗin Assalat Assalat sau uku maimakon Kiran Sallah da Iƙama.[18]
  • faɗin Kabbarar harama bayan kowacce ruku’u inbanda ruku’u ta biyar.[19]
  • yinta cikin jam’i.[20] ɗaga murya,[21] tsawaita sallar har zuwa sashewar rana da wata daga kisfewa.[22] karanta dogwayen surori,[23] duka suna cikin sauran mustahabbai. [yadasht 3]

Lokacin Yin Sallar Aya Da Ramata

Lokacin yinta ya ta’allaƙa da lokacin kusufin rana ko wata daga farko fara kisfewar kwanso rana ko wata har zuwa lokacin da zai bayyana sosai,[24] daga nan kuma har zuwa ƙarshen tafiyarsa da sashewarsa[25] a cewar Marubucin littafin Jawahir Al-kalam, Ihtiyaɗi shi ne kada a jinkirta yin sallah daga farawar kusufin kwanson rana ko wata zuwa bayyanarsa,[26] idan ba a yi ta ba cikin lokacin kisfewar rana ko wata wajibi a rama daga baya.[27] Sallar aya da ta ta’allaƙa da girgizar ƙasa da sauran sallolin aya ba a rama su in banda sallar kisfewar rana da wata su kaɗai ake ramawa. duk sanda za a rama su a rama su da niyyar sauke wajibi.[28]

Wankan Kusufi

A cewar Allama Hilli, wasu adadi daga Malaman fiƙihun Shi’a misalin Sayyid Murtada, Sallar Dailami da Abu Salah Halabi, sun yi fatawa idan ba a yi sallar kisfewar rana da wata a lokacinsu ba, wajibi ne ƙari kan ramawa ayi wanka, sai dai cewa shi kansa Allama Hilli tare da wasu jama’a daga Malamai misalin Shaik Mufid da Ibn Barraj da Ibn Idris Hilli basa ganin wajabcin yin wannan wanka kaɗai suna ganinsa a matsayin mustahabbi, na’am wajabci da Mustahabbanci ya keɓanci lokacin da rana ko wata suka yi cikakkiyar kisfewa, ko kuma idan mutum bisa ganganci da sakaci bai yi ta a kan lokaci ba,[29] an ambaci wannan wanka a cikin riwaya da sunan wankan Kusufi.[30]

Gabatar Da Sallar Farilla Kan Sallar Aya Cikin Halin ƙurewar Lokaci

Sallar ayoyin kisfewar rana da wata wajibi ne Fauri,[31] (wanda ake yi nan take) amma idan sallar aya ta faɗo cikin lokacin sallolin farilla na kullum wajibi ne a fara gabatar da sallolin farilla idan ya zamana idan ba a fara da su lokacinsu zai fita, idan ya zama dukkanin biyun lokacinsu ya ƙure sai a fara da sallar farilla kafin sallar aya.[32]

Sauran Hukunce-hukunce

Kowacce ruku’u cikin sallolin ayoyi ana ƙirga shi matsayin rukuni, idan a ka yi ƙari cikinsa ko ragi da gangan ko kuma bisa rafkana sallah ta ɓaci.[33] Wannan sallah tana wajabta kaɗai kan mutanen da bala’in ya faru a yankinsu,[34] A ra’ayin ba’arin wasu Malama, babu sallar aya kan mace mai haila da nifasi,[35] na’am bisa ihtiyaɗi wujubi wajibi ne su ramata bayan yin tsarki.[36] Kisfewar rana da wata suna wajabta yin sallar aya cikin surar da kwayar idanu zai iya ganin kisfewar, idan ya zama sun ƙanƙanta zuwa haddin ba za a iya ganin sai da na’urar zamani ko kuma cikin gaggawa kisfewar ta kasance babu wajabcin yin Sallar aya.[37] Motsin ƙasa wanda bayansa ake samun faruwar girgizar ƙasa, idan aka ƙirga shi matsayin girgizar ƙasa mai zaman kansa yana zama sababin yin sallar aya,[38] hakama ɗan ƙaramin motsin ƙasa idan aka ji shi.[39] Idan wasu adadin sallolin aya suka wajabta sallar aya sakamakon wasu adadin bala’o’i na ɗabi’a, bisa ihtiyaɗi wujubi dole a ayyana niyyar kan wanne abu ne za a yi sallar aya.[40]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Tabsiratul Al-Muta'llimin. 1411 AH, shafi na 48; Najafi, Majma Al-Rashee (Al-Mahashi), 1373, shafi na 410.
  2. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, Dar al-Alam Press Institute, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 191.
  3. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Tabsiratul Al-Muta'allimin, 1411 AH, shafi na 48; Najafi, Majma Al-Rashee (Al-Mahashi), 1373, shafi na 410.
  4. ↑ Farahidi, Al-Ain, 1410 AH, Juzu'i na 8, shafi na 441 (a bin lafazin Aya).
  5. ↑ Barki, Al-Mahasen, 1371 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi.313, h31.
  6. ↑ Misali, duba Kulaini, al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu’i na 3, shafi.288; Sheikh Sadouq, Man La yaHazara Al-Faqih, 1413 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 434; Sheikh Tusi, Tahzeeb Al-Ahkam, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 171.
  7. ↑ Misali, duba Allameh Hilli, Tabsirat Al-Muta'alimeen, 1411 AH, shafi na 48; Najafi, Jawaher Al-Kalam, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi.48; Faiz Kashani, Mofatih al-Shara'i, Maktabat Ayatullah Marashi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 137; Tabatabai, Riyaz al-Masa'il, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 3, 193.
  8. ↑ Akbari, Negahi be falsafe Ahkam, 1390, shafi na 67.
  9. ↑ Majlisi, Mohammad Baqer, Bihar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 1557 Sobhani, Jafar, Forough Abdit, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 52.
  10. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 452.
  11. ↑ Barki, Al-Mahasen, 1371 AH, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 313, shafi na 31; Hurru amili, Wasa'il Al-Shia, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 485.
  12. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Nihayat Al-Ahkam, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 71.
  13. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Nihayat Al-Ahkam, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 71.
  14. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Nihayat Al-Ahkam, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 71.
  15. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Nihayat Al-Ahkam, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 71-72.
  16. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi 1036, 1509.
  17. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi 1036, 1512.
  18. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi 1036, 1510.
  19. ↑ Allameh Hilli,Tabsiratul Al-Muta'llimin, 1411 AH, shafi na 48.
  20. ↑ Allameh Hilli,Tabsiratul Al-Muta'llimin, 1411 AH, shafi na 48.
  21. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, Dar al-Alam Press Institute, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 194.
  22. ↑ Yazdi, Mohammad Kazem, Urwa Al-Wuthghati, juzu'i na 27, shafi na 217.
  23. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Tabsiratul Al-Muta'allimin, 1411 AH, shafi na 48.
  24. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Tabsiratul Al-Muta'allimin, 1411 AH, shafi na 48; Imam Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, Dar al-Alam Press Institute, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 192.
  25. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul al-Kalam, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 409.
  26. ↑ Najafi, Majma Al-Rasa'il (Al-Mahashi), 1373, shafi na 411, 1307.
  27. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Tabsiratul Al-Muta'allimin, 1411 AH, shafi na 48.
  28. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Tabsiratul Al-Muta'allimin, 1411 AH, shafi na 48; Najafi, Majma Al-Rasa'il (Al-Mahashi), 1373, shafi na 411, 1308.
  29. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Mukhtalaf al-Shia, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 317.
  30. ↑ Misali, duba: Tusi, Tahzeeb al-Ahkam, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 115.
  31. ↑ Najafi, Majma Al-Rasa'il (Al-Mahashi), 1373, shafi na 411. M1308.
  32. ↑ Allameh Hilli,Tabsiratul Al-Muta'allimini, 1411 AH, shafi na 49; Najafi, Majma Al-Rasa'il (Al-Mahashi), 1373, shafi na 412, 1312.
  33. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, Al-Arwa Al-Wutrhghati, 1409 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 728.
  34. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, Al-Arwa Al-Wutrhghati, 1409 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 731.
  35. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, al-Arwa al-Wuthghati, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi:731; Imam Khumaini, Najat Al-Ibad, 1422H, shafi na
  36. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul al-Masa'il al-Marajih, 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 1034-1035, AD 1506.
  37. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Najat al-Ibad, 1422H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 109
  38. ↑ Khamenei, Ajwuba Al-Istifta'at, 1420H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 214, M. 714.
  39. ↑ Khamenei, Ajwuba Al-Istifta'at, 1420H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 214, M. 715.
  40. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il al-Marajah, 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 1028-1027, 1493 miladiyya.

Nassoshi

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