Ziyara

Daga wikishia

Ziyara (Larabci: الزيارة،), shi ne halartar ƙaburburan annabawa, imamai, ƴaƴan imamai da muminai. Ziyara ta kasance daga cikin kyawawan ayyuka a muslunci, kuma tsawon tarihi musulmai suna bada kulawa da himma kanta, wannan aiki yana da matsayi na musammam a wurin ƴan shi'a; ya kai haddi ana kidaya ziyara matsayin wata alama da take na ƴan shi'a.

Musulmai suna ziyartar kabarin Manzon Allah (S.A.W)

Ibn taimiyya da wahabiyawa saɓanin sauran firƙoƙin musulmi, suna ganin ziyartar ƙaburburan annabawa da limaman addini da niyyar neman cewa da amsa addu'a matsayi bidi'a da shirka. Sai dai cewa malaman shi'a da mafi yawan malaman ahlus-sunna sun yi watsi da wannan ra'ayi nasa, tare da jingina da sunnar annabi (s.a.w) da imamai ma'asumai (a.s) da sirar sahabbai da tabi'ai, ijma'i da sirar aiki ta musulmi suna ganin ziyara matsayin aikin da yake halastacce a shari'a kuma yana da falaloli. An yi talifi daban-daban game da bahasin halascin ziyara, falalarta da kasancewa mustahabbi da kuma raddi kan mahangar ibn taimiyya game da ziyara, littafin As-saƙam fi ziyarati khairil al-anam na taƙiyud-dini subki da al-mazar fi kaifiyyati ziyaratin an-nabiyyi wal- a'immatil aɗhar, na shahidul awwal suna cikin jumlar wallafe-wallafe da aka yi game da falalar da mustahabbancin ziyartar ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w) da imaman shia (a.s) da kuma bayanin ladubban ziyara.

Matsayin Ziyara A Saƙafar Muslunci

Ziyara isɗilahi ne na addini, da yake bada ma'anar halartar mahallin ƙaburbura mutanen da suka mutu, muminai, mutane nagargaru musammam ma ƙaburburan annabawa, imamai da ƴaƴan imamai da ake yin su cikin keɓantaccen yanayi da tsari.[1] a cewar jafar subhani, ziyartar ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w), ahlil-baiti (a.s) da ƙaburburan muminai ya kasance daga asalan saƙafar muslunci.[2] Malaman ahlus-sunna misalin diya'u makki(Wafati:856.h.ƙ) shaukani, shamsud-dini zahabi (Wafati:748.ƙ) abdur-rahman jaziri suma suna ganin cewa ziyartar ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w) aiki ne da yake da falala.[3] sun bada rahoto cewa lokacin da mahajjata suka kammala aikin hajji suna zuwa kai ziyara ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w).[4]

Ziyara Tana da Matsayi Na Musammam A Wurin Ƴan Shi'a

Ziyara ta kasance wata alama ga ƴan shi'a, ta kasance rayuwa da shaida a gare su, ƴan shi'a bisa riƙo da riwayoyi da aka naƙalto daga imamai ma'asumai (a.s) game da lada da falalar ziyara sun kasance suna matuƙar himmatuwa da kulawa da zuwa ziyarar ƙaburburan imamai (a.s) da ƴaƴan imamai.[5] kowacce shekara suna shirya tafiya daga sassa daban-daban na duniya domin ziyartar ƙaburburan imamai (a.s) da waus ba'arin ƴaƴan imamai, alal misali haramin rida, a watan murdad shekara ta 1397 h, shamsi, an bada rahoto cewa kusan mutum miliyan ashirin da takwas ne daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar Iran dama ƙasasen waje suka je garin mashad domin ziyartar imam rida (a.s).[6] haka kuma bisa naƙali daga cibiyar ƙididdiga ta haramin sayyidina abbas (a.s), sun bada rahoto cewa adadin mutane da suka yi tattakin arba'in a shekarar 2023 miladi, ya haura mutum miliyan ashirin da biyu.[7]

Littafin Ziyara

Littafin ziyara, wani matani ne da ake karantawa a lokacin ziyartar makwanci da ƙaburburan imaman shi'a, wannan littafi ya tattaro sallama da girmama ma'abotan waɗannan ƙaburbura.[8] duk da cewa kowanne mai ziyar zai iya yin ziyararsa da harshensa da yarensa, ya yi gaisuwa da tawassuli zuwa ga waɗannan ma'abotan ƙaburbura, amma amfani da littafin ziyara waɗanda isnadinsu yake isa zuwa ga imamai, waɗanda a isɗilahi ake kira da “ziyarori da aka samu daga imamai” haƙiƙa an yi umarni da karanta su.[9] wannan matanin ziyara ya tattara kan ba'arin mas'alolin aƙida misali tauhidi, annabta, bara'a, ceto da tawassuli.[10]

Ziyara Daga Nesa

Ana ƙidaya ziyara daga nesa kamar yadda ya zo a riwayoyin shi'a game da mutanen da ba za su iya samun damar halartar ƙaburburan imamai ba.[11] alal misali cikin wata riwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya zo cewa: wanda bai da damar yin ziyara daga kusa-kusa ba, ya je ya hau kan wani tudu ya yi sallah raka'a biyu, bayan nan sai ya fuskanci fuskar ƙaburburanmu ya yi sallama, sallamarsa za ta iso zuwa garemu.[12] a wata riwayar daban da aka naƙalto daga gare shi, idan mutum ya je buɗaɗɗen wuri, ya kalli hagu da dama, bayan nan ya ɗaga kansa ya kalli sama ya fuskanci fuskar ƙabarin Imam Husaini (A.S) ya ce:

«السَّلامُ عَلَیْکَ یا اباعَبْدِاللَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَیْکَ وَ رَحْمَةُاللَّهِ وَ بَرَکاتُهُ»،

Za a rubuta masa ladan ziyartar ƙabarin imam husaini (a.s).[13]

Ziyartar ƙaburburan Imam Shi'a A Wurin Ahlus-sunna

Malaman tarihi sun bada rahoto wasu gurabe da aka samu ba'arin malaman ahlus-sunna da suka je ziyara ƙaburburan imaman shi'a.[14] alal misali ibn hibban, malamin hadisi ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na uku da huɗu bayan hijira, ya ce lokuta da daman gaske na kai ziyara ƙabarin imam rida (a.s) da yake mashad tare da tawassuli da shi matsalolina sun warware.[15] haka nan ibn hajar asƙalani ya naƙalto cewa abubakar Muhammad ɗan kuzaima, malamin fiƙihu, tafsiri da hadisi ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na uku da huɗu bayan hijira, abu ali saƙafi, daga malaman garin naishabur tare da sauran ahlus-sunna sun je ziyara ƙabarin imam rida.[16] sam'ani, malamin tarihi, hadisi da fiƙihu ɗan mazhabar shafi'iyya a ƙarni na shida shima ya kasance yana zuwa ziyara ƙabarin imam kazim (a.s) yana tawassuli da shi.[17] imam shafi'i ɗaya daga shugabannin mazhabobi huɗu na ahlus-sunna an naƙalto cewa ya kasance yana siffanta ƙabarin Imam Kazim (A.S) da “magani mai warkar da cuta”.[18]

Dalilan Halascin Ziyara

Malamai sun dogara kan wasu dalilai game da halascin ziyara kamar haka:

Sunnar Annabi (S.A.W)

Ziyartar ƙaburbura tun farkon muslunci ta kasance halastaccen abu da ya samu yaɗuwa. A rahotan ibn shabba a cikin littafin “Tarikh Al-madina Al-munawwara”, annabi (s.a.w) a lokacin da yake dawowa madina daga fatahu makka, ya kai ziyara ƙabarin mahaifiyarsa amina ya ce: “wannan ƙabarin mahaifiyata ne, na nemi izinin ziyartarta daga wurin ubangiji kuma ya bani izini ziyartarta”.[19] haka nan an naƙalto cewa ya je ziyartar ƙabarin shahidan yaƙin uhudu.[20] da ƙaburburan muminai a maƙabartar baƙi'a[21] a cikin ba'arin madogaran riwaya na ahlus-sunna nan ma an yi bayanin falalolin ziyara tare da umarni kanta, an naƙalto wata riwaya daga annabi (s.a.w), misalin riwayar da aka naƙalto daga gare shi cewa:

«مَنْ زَارَ قَبْرِي وَجَبَتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِی؛

Duk wanda ya ziyarceni zai samu cetona ranar alƙiyama.[22]

Riwayoyi Da Sirar Imamai Ma'asumai (A.S)

Akwai hadisai masu yawa da suka zo a madogaran riwayoyi na shi'a game da falaloli da mustahabbancin ziyartar ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w) da imaman shi'a (a.s) da ƙaburburan muminai. Kulaini cikin littafi alkafi ya tsara babi guda ɗauke da sunan “Babul fadli az-ziyarati wa sawabiha” ma'ana babin falalolin ziyara da ladanta, ya tattaro hadisai cikin wannan babi.[23] hurru amili shima cikin littafi wasa'ilul ash-shi'a ya keɓance babi guda ɗauke da suna “Abwabul mazari wa ma yunasibuhu”[24] cikin ƙarhensa ya tattaro riwayoyi da suke bayani game da falalar ziyartar ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w), imaman shi'a (a.s) da annabawa (a.s), ziyarar ƴaƴan imamai, haka nan ziyarar sayyida Fatima ma'asuma (s) da sayyidina abdul-azim hasani (a.s), ziyarorin ƙaburburan shahidai da muminai, ziyartar ɗan'uwa mumini yana lafiya ƙalau ko kuma cikin halin rashin lafiya, cikin babuka 106 mabambanta.[25]

Cikin madogaran tarihi an naƙalto wurare game da sirar imaman shi'a cikin ziyarar ƙaburbura: hakim naishaburi cikin “ALmustadrak alas sahihaini” cikin wata riwaya ya yi naƙali cewa sayyida zahara (s) kowacce juma'a tana zuwa ziyara ƙabarin Hamza ɗan abdul-muɗɗalib tana sallah a wannan wuri tare da yin kuka.[26] cikin wata riwaya daga imam baƙir (a.s) an naƙalto cewa imam husaini (a.s) a kowanne daren juma'a yana zuwa ziyara ƙabarin imam hassan (a.s).[27] cikin littafin kamilul az-ziyarat akwai riwaya daga imam rida (a.s) da aka naƙalto cewa imam sajjad (a.s) ya kasance yana zuwa ziyarar ƙabarin imam ali (a.s) kuma yana miƙewa tsaye kusa da ƙabarin yana kuka da yin gaisuwa gare shi.[28]

Aikin Sahabbai Da Tabi'ai Da Kuma Ijma'in Malamai

Malam subki cikin littafin shifa'us siƙam, ya jingina da wasu adadin riwayoyi daga madogara ahlus-sunna.[29] kana asasin waɗannan riwayoyi tabbatara da cewa ba'arin sahabbai da tabi'ai sun kasance suna zuwa ziyarar ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w) da ƙabarin muminai suna kuma yin sallama ga ma'abota waɗannan ƙaburbura.[30]

Ibn Taimiyya Da Wahabiyawa Basu Yarda Da Ziyara Ba

Bisa naƙali daga Muhammad abdul-hayyi lakanawi (Wafati:1304.h.ƙ) malamin fiƙihu da hadisi ɗan mazhabar hanafiyya mutumin ƙasar indiya, babu wani mutum ɗaya daga shugabannin mazhabobi huɗu na ahlus-sunna da malaman muslunci da yake ganin haramcin ziyarar ƙaburburan muminai musammam ma ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w).[31] a cewarsa ibn taimiyya shi ne mutum na farko da ya saɓawa ijma'in musulmi ya nuna shakku kan halascin ziyara.[32] a ra'ayinsa yana ganin halascin yin addu'a da gaisuwa ga ma'abotan ƙaburburan, amma neman buƙata ta hanyar kamun ƙafa da su wurin Allah wannan bai halasta ba.[33] ibn taimiyya yana ganin nau'in wannan ziyara a matsayin bidi'a da shirka.[34] Bayan shuɗewar ƙarnoni daga ibn taimiyya, ma'ana zuwa ƙarni na goma sha biyu, wahabiyawa sun ƙara bijiro da batun rashin halascin ziyara, har zuwa wannan zamani ma'ana ƙarni na goma sha biyar bayan hijira wahabiyawa suna ganin rashin halascin wannan aiki, kuma suna hana musulmai aikata wannan aiki.[35]

Suka Kan Mahangar Ibn Taimiyya Da Wahabiyawa

Galibin malaman ahlus-sunna misalin nawawi.[36] ibn hajar asƙalani,[37] gazali,[38] mulla ƙar hanafi,[39] shamsud-dini zahabi,[40] jassas,[41] ibn abidin malamin fiƙihu a mazhabar hanafiyya,[42] zurƙani malamin fiƙihu a mazhabar malikiyya,[43] ibn ƙudama hanbali[44] da wasu ba'arin malamai sun tafi kan cewa hadisin shaddil rihali da ibn taimiyya ya dogara da shi kan wannan mas'ala[45] wannan hadisi bai kasance a muƙamin hana ziyarar ƙaburbura ba, musammam ma ƙabarin annabi (s.a.w), bari dai shi wannan hadisi yana muƙamin bayanin falalar masallatai guda uku, masallacin harami, masallacin annabi da masallacin al-aƙsa. Jafar subhani ya ce ziyartar ƙaburbura tare da tawassuli da mutanen da suke kwance ciki baya nufin suna cin gashin kansu daga izinin Allah da rahamarsa cikin biyan buƙatar mai tawassuli da kamun ƙafa da su da har zai zama shirka, bari dai yana da ma'anar sakamakon matsayin da muƙamin da suke da shi a wurin Allah ne ake sanya su tsani cikin neman biyan buƙata a wurin Allah.[46]

Ladubban Ziyara

Shaik abbas ƙummi cikin littafin mafatihul jinan kan asasin wata riwaya da aka naƙaltota daga Imaman shi'a (a.s) ya kawo bayanai game da ladubban ziyara, ba'arinsu sun kasance kamar haka:

  • Wankan Ziyara
  • Sanya tsaftataccen tufafi
  • Shagaltar da zikiri
  • Alwala da tsarkake jiki
  • Yin sallar ziyara
  • Karatun kur'ani a wurin ƙabarin
  • Tuba da istigfari
  • Nesanta daga zance mara ma'ana
  • Rashin ɗaga murya a lokacin ziyara.[47]

Nazari

Ba'arin rubuce-rubuce da aka game da maudu'in ziyara:

  • Littafin kamiluz ziyarat: talifin ibn ƙaulawaihi wand aya tattaro adadin riwayoyi daga Imamai ma'asumai (a.s) game da yanda ake ziyara, falala, lada da ladubba ziyara.[48]
  • Littafin Al-mazar fi kaifiyyati ziyaratin an-nabiyyi wal a'immatil aɗhari, wanda aka fi sani da littafin “Al-mazar” na shahidul awwal: wannan littafi ya ƙunshi ɓangare guda biyu.[49] ɓangare na farko game da ziyara ya tattaro fasalai guda takwas da khatma guda ɗaya cikin ladubba da falalar ziyarar a'imma ma'asumai (a.s).[50]
  • Tuhfatul zuwwar ila ƙabari annabiyil al-mukhtar na ibn hajar haitami malami ahlus-sunna da ya rayu tsakanin (909-974.h.ƙ) wannan littafi ya kasance game da maudu'in ziyara da ayyuka ya ƙunshi muƙaddima da fasalai guda huɗu.[51]
  • Littafin Adab ziyarat az didgahe masumin (a.s) tarjamar “Babul Almazar” cikin littafin wasa'ilul shi'a tare da alƙalamin muhsin dime karegirab da abul fazli kazimi sun tarjama shi ne zuwa harshen farisanci.[52]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Kayani Farid, "Ziyarat", shafi na 847.
  2. ↑ Sobhani, Manshur Aqayid Imamiyya, 1376, shafi na 254.
  3. ↑ Makki, Tarikh Makkah Al-Mushrafah wa Al-Masjid al-Haram, 1424H, shafi na 334; Shukani, Neil Al-Awtar, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi 110; Dahhabi, “Sir al-Jalal al-Nabila”, 1414 AH, juzu’i na 4, shafi na 484; Jeziri, Fiqhu Ali al-Mahabh al-Araba, 1419 AH, Juzu'i na 2, shafi 946.
  4. ↑ Makki, Tarikh Makkah Al-Mushrafah wa Al-Masjid al-Haram, 1424H, shafi na 334; Shukani, Neil Al-Awtar, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 110.
  5. ↑ «زیارت، عامل حیات و هویت شیعه»، سایت روزنامه قدس.
  6. ↑ «سالانه ۲۸ میلیون نفر زائر حرم امام رضا(ع)»، سایت خبرگزاری صدا و سیما.
  7. ↑ «تعداد نهایی زائران اربعین امسال ۲۲ میلیون نفر اعلام شد»، سایت خبرگزاری مهر.
  8. ↑ Muhaddi, Farhang Ashura, 1376, shafi na 211.
  9. ↑ Allameh Majlisi, Tohfa Al-Zaer, 2006, shafi na 4-5; Muhaddi, Farhang Ashura, 1376, shafi na 211.
  10. ↑ Muhaddisi, Farhang Ashura, 1376, shafi na 211-212.
  11. ↑ Ibn Qulawiyya, Kamil Al-Ziyarat, Al-Sadooq Press, shafi na 301-305.
  12. ↑ Ibn Qulawiyya, Kamil Al-Ziyarat, Al-Sadooq Press, shafi na 303.
  13. ↑ Ibn Qulawiyya, Kamil Al-Ziyarat, Al-Sadooq Press, shafi na 303.
  14. ↑ Misali, duba Ibn Hibban, al-Thuqat, 1402, juzu’i na 8, shafi na 457; Asklani, Tahzeeb al-Tahzeeb, Dar Sadder, juzu'i na 7, shafi.388.
  15. ↑ Ibn Hibban, al-Thuqat, 1402, juzu’i na 8, shafi na 457.
  16. ↑ Asklani, Tahzeeb al-Tahzeeb, Dar Sadder, juzu'i na 7, shafi.388.
  17. ↑ Samani, Al-Ansab, 1382H, juzu'i na 12, shafi 479.
  18. ↑ Kaabi, Al-Imam Musa bin Al-Kazim, (a.s)i, Sira wa tarikh, 1430H, shafi na 216.
  19. ↑ Ibn Shabah, Tarikhul Madina al-Munawarah, 1410H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 120.
  20. ↑ Samhoudi, Wafa al-Wafa, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 112.
  21. ↑ Samhoudi, Wafa al-Wafa, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 78.
  22. ↑ Misali duba Darul Qutni, Sunan al-Dar Qutni, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 334.
  23. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407 Hijira, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 579.
  24. ↑ Hurrul Ameli, Wasa'il al-Shia, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 319.
  25. ↑ Misali, duba Hurrul Ameli, Al-Wasa'il al-Shia, 1419 AH, Mujalladi na 14, shafi na 600-319.
  26. ↑ Hakim Neishaburi, al-Mustadrak Alal al-Sahiheen, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 533.
  27. ↑ Hurrul Ameli, Wasa'l al-Shia, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 408.
  28. ↑ Ibn Qulawiyya, Kamil al-Ziyarat, Maktaba al-Saduq, shafi na 36-37.
  29. ↑ Misali, duba Malik bin Anas, al-Muta, 1406 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 166; Sanani, musannaf, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 570-576.
  30. ↑ Taqi al-Din Sabaki, Shifa al-Siqam, 1419 AH, shafi na 166-168.
  31. ↑ Lucknowi, "Ibraz Algayyi Alwaqi fi shifa'il ayyi", Cheshme Faiz Publications, shafi na 37.
  32. ↑ Lucknowi, "Ibraz Algayyi Alwaqi fi shifa'il ayyi", Cheshme Faiz Publications, shafi na 37.
  33. ↑ Ibn Taimiyyah, Qaidatl n Jalila fi al-Tuwassil wa al-Wasila, 1422H, shafi na 151; Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhaj Sunnah al-Nabawiyah, 1406 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 438 da 444.
  34. ↑ Ibn Taimiyyah, Qaidatl n Jalila fi al-Tuwassil wa al-Wasila, 1422H, shafi na 151; Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhaj Sunnah al-Nabawiyah, 1406 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 438 da 444.
  35. ↑ Rizvani, Salsalatu mabaisi Wahabiyat shinasi (ziyarat Annabi wa auliya), Gidan Bugawa Mashaar, shafi na 8.
  36. ↑ Rizvani, Salsalatu mabaisi Wahabiyat shinasi (ziyarat Annabi wa auliya), Gidan Bugawa Mashaar, shafi na 8.
  37. ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqlani, Fathul Bari, 1379 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 65.
  38. ↑ Ghazali, Ihya'ul Ulum al-Din, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 244. ↑
  39. ↑ Mohammad Qari, Markat al-Mufatih, 1422H, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 589.
  40. ↑ Dahhabi, "Siyar Al-alamul al-Nubala", 1414 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 368.
  41. ↑ Jisas, Ahkamul Al-Qur’ani, 1300 Hijira, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 295
  42. ↑ Ibn Abdin, Rad al-Mukhtar, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 627.
  43. ↑ Zarqani, Sharh al-Zarqani, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 396-397.
  44. ↑ Ibn Qudama, al-Mughni, 1388H, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 195.
  45. ↑ Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhaj Sunnah al-Nabawiyah, 1406 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 440.
  46. ↑ Sobhani, Ayineh Wahabiyat, shafi na 299-300.
  47. ↑ Qomi, Koliat Mofatih al-Janan, Osweh Publications, shafi na 306-313.
  48. ↑ Ibn Qulawiyya, Kamil al-Ziyarat, Matabata al-Sadooq, shafi na 16.
  49. ↑ Shahidi I, Al-Mazar, 1410 AH, shafi na 9.
  50. ↑ Shahidi I, Al-Mazar, 1410 AH, shafi na 9.
  51. ↑ Ibn Hajr Hitami, Tohfa Al-Zawar ila Kabari Annabi Al-Mukhtar, 1412H, shafi na 5.
  52. ↑ Dimeh Kargarab, Kazemi, Adabu ziyarat az didgahe masumin(a.s), 1394, shafi na 12.

Nassoshi

  • Allameh Majlesi, Mohammad Baqer, Tohfa Al-Zaer, Qom, Payam Imam Hadi (PBUH) Institute, 2006.
  • Kayani Farid, Maryam, “Ziarat”, dar daneshname janahe Islami, Tehran, Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation, 1395.
  • Lucknowi, Mohammad Abdulhai bin Mohammad Abdul Halim, " Ibraz algayyi alwaqi fi shifa'ii Al-Ayyi", Bija, Cheshme Faiz Publications, Beta.
  • Qari, Ali bin Muhammad, Marqa'at al-Khayyah Sharh Mishka'at al-Mashab, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, 1422H.
  • Sabaki, Taqi al-Din, Ali bin Abdul Kafi, Shafa al-Saqam fi Ziyarat Khair al-Anam, bincike na Seyyed Mohammad Reza Jalali, Qum, Mashaar Publishing House, bugu na 4, 1419H.
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