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Ilimin Gaibu

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Aƙidun Shi'a
‌Sanin Allah
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Ismar Annabawa • Khatamiyyat • Annabin Muslunci • Mu'ujiza• Asalantuwar Kur'ani
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AƙiduIsmar Annabawa • Wilaya Takwiniyya • Ilmul Gaibi • Khalifatullahi • Gaibar Imam Mahadi • Mahadawiyya • Intizarul Faraj • Bayyana• Raja'a • Imamanci Na Nassi
ImamanImam Ali • Imam Hassan • Imam Husaini • Imam Sajjad • Imam Baƙir • Imam Sadiƙ • Imam Kazim • Imam Rida • Imam Jawad • Imam Hadi • Imam Askari • Imam Mahadi
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Barzahu • Ma'ad Jismani • Hashar • Siraɗi • Taɗayurul Kutub • Mizan
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Ahlil-Baiti • Ma'asumai Goma Sha Huɗu • Karama • Taƙiyya • Marja'iyya • Wilayatul Faƙihi • Imanin Mai Aikata Manyan Zunubai

Ilimin gaibu, (Larabci: علم الغيب) wani nau'in tsinkaye ne kan abubuwa da suke a ɓoye da abubuwan da ba zai yi wu a riske su ba. Malaman aƙida na Shi'a tare da la'akari da ayoyin Kur'ani sun yi imani da nau'i biyu daga ilimin gaibu: Ilimin gaibu na zati mai cin gashin kansa, abin nufi daga wancan nau'i na ilimin gaibu shi ne na zati da ba a ɗauko shi daga wani daban, wannan nau'i na ilimin gaibu ya keɓantu da Allah shi kaɗai, na biyu kuma shi ne wanda yake ƙarƙashin Allah wanda yake kyautarsa ga zaɓaɓɓun bayinsa. Malaman imamiyya sun yi imani da cewa haƙiƙa tsinkaye da kuma sanin da Annabawan Allah da Imamai Ma'asumai (A.S) suke da shi kan gaibu, yana cikin nau'in gaibu da Allah yake kyaitar sa kuma da izini da koyarwar Allah ne ake samun wannan gaibu.

Wasu daga malaman Wahabiyawa tare da jingina da wasu ayoyin Kur'ani, sun yi imani da cewa Allah kaɗai yake da tsinkayi da sani kan ilimin gaibu. Kuma jingina ilimin gaibu ga wanin Allah yana janyo ɓata da kafirci. Suna masu tuhumar ƴanshi'a da guluwi sakamakon imaninsu da cewa Annabawa da Imama'i Ma'asumai suna da tsinkaye da sani kan ilimin gaibu. Kishiyar haka malaman imamiyya tare da jingina da wasu ayoyin Kur'ani sun faɗi cewa Allah ya ba da ilimin gaibu ga ba'arin Annabawa da zaɓaɓɓun bayinsa.

A imanin imamiyya, ilimin gaibu na Imamai (A.S) kamar dai ilimin gaibu na Annabi (S.A.W) daga Allah yake. Suna masu imani da cewa ilimin gaibu wani lokacin yana cirata ta hanyar Annabi zuwa ga Imamai, wani lokaci kuma ta hanyar Tahdis (Jiyar da su) da Mala'iku suke yi ko abin da ake kira da Ilhama (Kimsawa). Game da ilimin gaibun Imamai, akwai ra'ayoyi biyu da aka gabatar, mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi yawa, wasu adadi daga malaman aƙida na imamiyya suna ganin cewa ilimin gaibu yana kasancewa a wasu wurare ƴan kaɗan kuma keɓantattu, kishiyar haka, wasu malamai tare da jingina da rukuni daga riwayoyi sun kasance kan ra'ayin cewa ilimin gaibu na Imamai ya haɗo dukkanin al'amura da suka faru ko kuma waɗanda nan gaba za su faru.

Nazarin Ma'ana Da Kuma Matsayi

Ilimin gaibu wani tsinkaye ne kan al'amuran da suke na ɓoye da abubuwan da ba a iya riskarsu.[1] Gaibu a harshen Larabci yana da ma'anar abun da ya ɓuyarwa mariskai na bayyane; kishiyar shuhudi wanda yake da ma'anar abin da mariskai suke iya cimma da kuma riska.[2] Gaibu a isɗilahi, shi ne abin da ba a iya sanin sa ta hanyar taimakon gama-garin sabubba da hanyoyi.[3]

Imamiyya tare da jingina da ba'arin ayoyin da riwayoyi sun yi imani da cewa Annabi (S.A.W) bari ma dai hatta Imamai (A.S) da ba'arin Annabawan Allah, tare da izinin Allah suna samun tsinkaye kan ilimin gaibu.[4] Imani da wannan aƙida ya janyo wasu Wahabiyawa sun jingina guluwi ga ƴanshi'a.[5] Mas'alar ilimin gaibu, rabe-rabe, yadda yake suna cikin jumlar mas'aloli da magabata daga malaman aƙida suka yi dogon bahasi kanta[6] A wannan zamani (Ƙarni na 15 hijira ƙamari) shi ma cikin amsoshi kan miyagun tuhumomin na Wahabiyawa da kuma rashin ingantacciyar fahimtarsu kan wannan batu, malaman aƙida na imamiyya sun ƙara zurfafa nazari da bincike kan wannan mas'ala ta ilimin gaibu.[7]

Rabe-raben Ilimin Gaibu

Ilimin gaibu ta fuskacin ratayuwarsa ga wanda yake da tsinkaye da sani kansa, an raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu:

  • Ilimin gaibu na zati wanda yake cikin gashin kansa:[8] Abin nufi daga wannan nau'i shi ne tsinkaye kan gaibu wanda ba a iya samunsa daga wurin kowa sai Allah shi kaɗai.[9] wannan nau'i daga gaibu mara iyaka ya keɓanta da Allah shi kaɗai, kuma ana cewa babu mai tarayya da Allah cikin wannan ilimi.[10] Shaikh Mufid cikin littafinsa Awa'ilul Maƙalat ya ce wasu gullat da Mufawwiza suna jingina misalin wannan ilimi ga Imamai Ma'asumai.[11] Kuma yana ganin gurɓatar wannan ra'ayi na su.[12]
  • Ilimin gaibu da aka koyo ko wanda yake ƙarƙashin Ubangiji:[13] Baki ɗayan malaman imamiyya suna kan ra'ayin cewa tsinkaye da sanin gaibu da Annabawan Allah da Imamai Ma'asumai (A.S) suke tare da shi, ya kasance daga wannan nau'i na ilimin gaibu da aka sanar da su[14] da kuma izinin Allah, kuma suna samun wannan ilimi daga Allah.[15]

Suka Da Aka Yi Kan Ilimin Gaibu Na Annabi (S.A.W) Da Amsoshin Shi'a

Ba'arin Wahabiyawa sun iyakance ilimin gaibu da Allah shi kaɗai kuma suna ƙaryata ilimin gaibu na Annabawa kai hatta Annabi (S.A.W).[16] Abdul-Aziz Bin Baz, Mufti Bawahabiyen Saudiyya, yana ganin cewa jingina ilimin gaibu ga wanin Allah yana janyo ɓata da kafircewa Allah.[17] Kan wannan mahanga da ra'ayi na su sun jingina da rukuni guda biyu dafa ayoyin kur'ani game da ilimin gaibu:

  1. . Ayoyi waɗanda Annabi (S.A.W) da kansa ya korewa kansa sanin ilimin gaibu;[18] misalin «قُلْ لَا أَقُولُ لَکُمْ عِنْدِی خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَ لَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَیْبَ؛ (Ka ce Ni bana cewa ina da taskokin Allah kuma bana sanin gaibu).[19]
  2. . Ayoyin wanda cikinsu, ake iyakance da keɓance gaibu ga Allah shi kaɗai;[20] misalin «وَ عِنْدَهُ مَفَاتِحُ الْغَیْبِ لَا یَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا هُوَ» (Kuma wurinsa makullan gaibu suke babu wanda ya san su sai shi kaɗai).[21]

Domin raddin wannan mahanga, an jingina da aya ta 44 da 179 suratul alu imran da aya ta 26 da 27 suratul jinni, wanda kan asasinsu, Allah ya yi kyautar ilimin gaibu ga Annabawansa da zaɓaɓɓun bayinsa.[22]

Haka kuma an ce tare da la'akari da ayoyin Kur'ani za a fahimci cewa akwai nau'i biyu na ilimin gaibu, ma'ana ilimin gaibu na zati mai cin gashin kansa, da ilimin gaibu da ake koya da yake hannun Allah. Ayoyi da suka bayyana ilimin gaibu matsayin abin da ya keɓantu da Allah shi kaɗai, suna magana ne kan ilimin gaibu na zati mai zaman kansa da ya keɓanta da Allah shi kaɗai, sannan kuma ayoyi da suka yi ishara kan ilimin gaibu ga wanin Allah, sune dai ayoyin da suke nuni da ilimin gaibu da Allah ya ke ba da shi; ma'ana wannan dai ilimin gaibu daga Allah da izininsa da aka ba da shi ga Annabi (S.A.W) da ba'arin zaɓaɓɓun bayin Allah.[23]

Murtada Muɗahhari, malami masanin falsafa ɗanshi'a, domin tattaro rukuni biyu na ayoyin yana cewa shi ilimin gaibu a isɗilahin Kur'ani, yana nufin wannan wanda da zatinsa ba tare da koya daga wani ba ya yi tsinkaye kan gaibu, saboda haka ne Allah ne kaɗai masanin gaibu, Annabi (S.A.W) da sauran zaɓaɓɓun bayin Allah, su suna koyan gaibu ne suna samunsa daga Allah.[24]

Ilimin Gaibu Na Imamai (A.S)

Babban labari: Ilimin Imam

Bisa imanin imamiyya, ilimin gaibu na Imamai (A.S) kamar ilimin gaibu na Annabi (A.S) yana samuwa ne daga Allah.[25] Sun yi imani cewa ilimin Allah a wasu lokuta yana zuwa wurin Imamai ta hanyar Annabi (S.A.W); da wannan ne Annabi (S.A.W) yake karɓo wannan ilimi daga Allah ya kuma koyar da Imam Ali (A.S) shi kuma Imam Ali (A.S) ya koyawa Imam Hassan (A.S) da wannan jerantawa ya dinga ciratuwa daga Imami zuwa Imami har zuwa Imami na ƙarshe, ma'ana Imam Mahadi (A.S).[26] Wani lokacin kuma Imamai suna samun ilimin Allah ta wata hanyar daban.[27] Alal misali kan asasin ba'arin riwayoyi na Shi'a, Jabra'il ya gayawa Sayyida Faɗima (S) labarin abubuwan da za su faru, ta rubuta su cikin Mus'haf Faɗima.[28] Haka nan bisa la'akari da wasu riwayoyi, Imam Ali (A.S) zai iya samun ilimin gaibu ko dai ta hanyar Tahdis (Jiyar da shi) da shi da Mala'iku suke yi[29] ko kuma ta hanyar ilhama (Kimsawa).[30]

Bisa wasu riwayoyi, Imam ya kasance magajin ilimin Annabawa[31] kuma ma'ajiyar ilimin Allah[32] Ƴanshi'a sun jingina da ba'arin riwayoyi daga cikinsu akwai Hadis Madinatul Ilmi, wanda cikinsa Annabi (S.A.W) da kansa ya gabatar da kansa matsayin birnin ilimi Ali kuma ƙofar wannan birni.[33]

Game da yawan ilimin gaibu na Imami (A.S) shi ma wasu malaman aƙida na Shi'a sun yi imani cewa ilimi Imami, ya iyakantu da wau keɓantattun wurare.[34] Shaikh Mufid ba ya ganin sanin gaibu na Imami ba ya daga cikin siffofi da sharuɗɗan na larura a imamanci, yana mai cewa Imamai (A.S) suna tsinkaye kan abin da yake cikin zukatan ba'arin mutane haka kuma suna da ilimin wasu al'amura da har zuwa yau ba su faru ba.[35] Wasu tare da jingina da wani rukuni daga riwayoyi,[36] sun yi imani cewa ilimin gaibu na Imamai ya haɗa da baki ɗayan al'amura da suka faru a wannan duniya ko kuma wanda za su faru nan gaba.[37]

Ilimin Gaibu Na Sauran Annabawan Allah

Bisa abin da ya zo a aya ta 26 da 27 suratul jinni, Allah ya na kyautar ilimin gaibu ga duk wanda ya so daga Annabawansa.[38] Haka kuma bisa rukuni daga ayoyin Kur'ani, haƙiƙa ba'arin Annabawan Allah a wasu wurare sun samu tsinkaye kan gaibu kuma sun ba da labari daga wannan gaibu:

  • Bisa aya ta 81 suratul Hud, mutanen Sayyidina Luɗ kafin Allah ya saukar musu da azaba, wasu Mala'iku sun sanar da shi abin da zai faru.[39] Kuma wannan ɗaya ne daga cikin abin da yake amsa sunan sanin gaibu ko tsinkaye kan ilimin gaibu.[40]
  • Bisa ayar «وَ أُنَبِّئُکُمْ بِمَا تَأْکُلُونَ وَ مَا تَدَّخِرُونَ فِی بُیُوتِکُمْ؛ (Kuma zan gaya muku abin da kuke ci da abin da kuke ajiyewa a gidajenku).[41] Iko kan ba da labarin ɓoyayyun sirrikan mutane da Annabi Isa ya kasance tare da shi da kuma tsinkayensa kan sirrikan gaibu sun kasane ɗaya daga cikin mu'ujizozi da alamomi da suke tabbatar da gaskiyarsa ga mutanensa.[42]
  • Daidai da abin da ya zo a aya ta 45 suratul alu imran, ta hannun Mala'ika Allah ya yi bushara ga Sayyida Maryam da haihuwar Sayyidina Isa tare da tsinkayar da ita.[43]
  • Bisa ayar «تِلْکَ مِنْ أَنْبَاءِ الْغَیْبِ نُوحِیهَا إِلَیْکَ؛ (Wannan yana daga cikin labaran gaibu ne da muke wahayinsu gare ka),[44] lokacin da Allah a cikin Kur'ani yake wahayin abin da ya faru da mutanen Nuhu ga Annabi (S.A.W), ya tsinkayar da shi labarin Nuhu da mutanensa da yanayinsu, yana cewa wannan yana daga cikin labarurrukan gaibu da muke wahayi gare ka.[45]

Ku Duba Wannan

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 52.
  2. ↑ Tarihi, Majma'ul al-Bahrayn, 1375/1376, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 134-135; Raghib, Al-Mufradat, 1412/1412/1416, shafi. 616.
  3. ↑ Mughniyah, Tafsir al-Kashif, 1424 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 44; Subhani, Mafahime Kur'an, 1420 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi na 402-407.
  4. ↑ Allama Majlisi, Mir'at al-Uqol, 1404 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 115; Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 53.
  5. ↑ Misali, duba Ilahi Zahir, Shi’a Was Sunna, 1396 Hijira, shafi na 68-70; Ghaniman, ‘Ilm al-Ghayb fi al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyya, 1425 AH, shafi. 10.
  6. ↑ Misali, duba Sheikh Mufid, Awa'ilul al-Maqalat, 1413H, shafi na. 313.
  7. ↑ Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 52; Rabbani Golpayegani, Dar Amade Beh Shi'eshinasi, 1385H, shafi na 317.
  8. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, Awael al-Maqalat, 1413 AH, shafi. 67 da shafi. 313.
  9. ↑ Sobhani, Jadal Ahsan, 2011, shafi na 98-99.
  10. ↑ Shaykh Mufid, Awa'ilul Al-Maqalat, shafi. 67; Sobhani, Jedal Ahsan, 1390, shafi na 98-99.
  11. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Awa'lul Al-Maqalat, 1413 AH, shafi. 67.
  12. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Awa'lul Al-Maqalat, 1413 AH, shafi. 67.
  13. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Awa'lul Al-Maqalat, 1413 AH, shafi. 67 da 313.
  14. ↑ Sobhani, Jadal Ahsan, 2011, shafi. 100.
  15. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Awa'ilul al-Maqalat, 1413 AH, shafi. 67; Subhani, ‘Ilm al-Ghayb (Agahi 3), 1375 AH, shafi. 63-64.
  16. ↑ Misali, duba Ibn Baz, Majmuu’ Fatawa Ibn Baz, 2008, juzu’i. 3, shafi. 97; Zahir Ilahi, Shi’a Was Sunnah, 1396H, shafi. 68.
  17. ↑ Ibn Baz, Majmuu' Fatawa Ibn Baz, 2008, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 97.
  18. ↑ Ibn Baz, Majmuu’ Fatawa Ibn Baz, 2008, juzu’i. 3, shafi. 97; Zahir Ilahi, Shi'a Was Sunna, 1396 Hijiriyya, shafi na. 68.
  19. ↑ Suratul An’am, aya ta 50; Ibn Baz, Majmuu’ Fatawa Ibn Baz, 2008, juzu’i. 3, shafi. 97; Zahir Ilahi, Shi'a Was Sunna, 1396 Hijiriyya, shafi na. 68.
  20. ↑ Ibn Baz, Majmuu’ Fatawa Ibn Baz, 2008, juzu’i. 3, shafi. 97; Zahir Ilahi, Shi'a Was Sunna, 1396 Hijiriyya, shafi na. 68.
  21. ↑ Ibn Baz, Majmuu’ Fatawa Ibn Baz, 2008, juzu’i. 3, shafi. 97; Zahir Ilahi, Shi'a Was Sunna, 1396 Hijiriyya, shafi na. 68.
  22. ↑ Namazi Shahroudi, Ilme Gaibe, 2014, shafi 31-34; Motahari, Majmueh Asar, 2011, juzu'i. 27, shafi. 828.
  23. ↑ Misali, duba Allamah Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416H, juzu'i. 5, shafi na 57-58; Sobhani, Jadal Ahsan, 1391 AH, shafi na 98-100; Sobhani, ‘Alm Al-Ghayb (Agahi Som), 1375 AH, shafi na 63-64.
  24. ↑ Motahari, Majmueh Asar, 2011, juzu'i. 27, shafi. 828.
  25. ↑ Kharrazi, Bidayat al-Ma'arif, 1429 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 46.
  26. ↑ Kharrazi, Bidayat al-Ma'arif, 1429 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 46.
  27. ↑ Kharrazi, Bidayat al-Ma'arif, 1429 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 47.
  28. ↑ Al-Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 239-240.
  29. ↑ Al-Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 239-270.
  30. ↑ Al-Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 264.
  31. ↑ Al-Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 239-470.
  32. ↑ Al-Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 192.
  33. ↑ Hurrul Amili, Wasa’il al-Shi’ah, 1416 AH, juzu’i. 27, shafi. 34
  34. ↑ Hali, Ajwuba al-Masa'il, shafi. 148.
  35. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Awa'ilul Al-Maqalat, 1413 AH, shafi. 67.
  36. ↑ Al-Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 258-262.
  37. ↑ Muzaffar, Ilmul al-Imam, Maktbatul Al-Haidariyyah, shafi. 23
  38. ↑ Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i. 20, shafi. 53.
  39. ↑ Suratul Hud, aya ta 81.
  40. ↑ Na'ad, Ilme Gaibe Az Nagahe Aqle Wa Wahaye, 2016, shafi. 130.
  41. ↑ Suratul Ali-Imran, aya ta:49.
  42. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Nomune, 1374, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 556.
  43. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Nomune, 1374, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 547.
  44. ↑ Suratul Hud, aya ta 49.
  45. ↑ Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 190.

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