Tauhidi
- wannan wata kasida ce game da tauhidi daya daga cikin akidun muslunci, domin sanin sura da wannan suna ku duba suratul iklas
Tauhid (Larabci: التوحيد) Tushen Asalin dukkanin Akidu a Muslunci, ma’anar sa shi ne dayanta Allah da rashin sanya masa Tanka da misali, da kuma rashin Abokin Tarayya cikin halittar Duniya, su ne Jumlolin Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) a farkon kiransa ga Mutane zuwa ga Muslunci, haka kuma wannan Jumloli sun kunshi shaidawa kan dayanta Allah da nesanta shi daga barin Shirka, Tauhid ya matukar Jan Hankula a cikin Kur’ani Mai girma da Riwayoyin Ma’asumai, kuma Suratul Tauhid wannan Maudu’i ta kunsa. Tauhid cikin Al’adun Muslunci Kishiyar Shirka ne kuma Malaman Kalam na Muslunci, sun sanya masa wasu Martabobi da Matakai wanda sune: Tauhid Zati, wanda yake da ma’anar Imani da dayantuwar Zatin Allah, Tauhid Sifati, wanda yake da ma’anar dayantuwar Zati cikin Siffofinsa, Tauhid Af’ali, da ma’anar Allah baya da bukatuwar taimako da Mataimaki, Tauhid Ibadi, da ma’anar babu wanda ya cancanci a bautawa sai Allah,akwai Martabobi hudu cikin Imani da Tauhidi, Martaba ta farko shine Tauhid Zati kuma shine Mafi daukakar Martaba, Tauhid Af’ali. Akwai Hujjoji da Dalilai daban-daban kan tabbatar da Tauhid. Cikin Ayoyin Kur’ani Mai girma, Hadisan Ma’sumai, da kuma rubuce-rubucen Masana Falsafa da Malaman Kalam na Musulma, Akwai Burhanul Tamanu’i, Burhanul Bi’sat Anbiya da kuma Burhanul Ta’ayin, dukkaninsu Samfuri ne kan wadannan Hujjoji da Dalilan Tauhid Wasu Gungun Jama’a daga Ahlus-Sunna daga cikin su akwai Ibn Taimiyya, Muhammad Bn Abdul-Wahab da Abdul-Aziz Bn Baz. Sun tafi kan cewa Ceto da Tawassuli da Annabawa da Waliyyai bayan mutuwar su yana daga cikin Alamomin Shirka da rashin Imani da Tauhid Ibadi, `Yan Shi’a tare da dogara da Ayoyin Kur’ani Mai girma sun bayyana cewa wannan da’awa ta wadancan Malamai da aka ambata ba daidai ba ce tare da wadannan Hujjoji da aka kafa dalili da su hakika Musulmai sun kasance sabanin Masu bautar Gumaka, basa bawa Annabawa Ubangijintaka kuma basu Imani da cewa sune suke rike da Ragamar Halittu ba, ba komai suke nufi da Tawassuli da su sai Girmama su da kuma neman kusanci zuwa Ubangiji ta hanyarsu. Malaman Shi’a cikin Rubuce-rubucensu masu tarin yawa sun yi rubutu dangane da Tauhid, ba’arin wadannan LIttafai akwai wadanda aka wallafa su sukutun kan Tauhid wasu kuma cikinsu an ware Babin Tauhid, misalin Kitabut Tauhid na Shaik Saduk, Gauhare Murad na Abdur-Razak Lahiji, Arrasa’ilul Attauhidiya na Allama Tabataba’i, da Tauhid na Murtada Mutahhari
Sanin Ma’ana
Tauhidi shine dayantar da Allah, Tushen asalin dukkanin Akidun Muslunci [1] a Imanin Musulmai, Allah daya ne kuma Mahaliccin Duniya Bashi da Abokin tarayya [2] an nakalto Tauhidi cikin Hadisai daga Annabi (S.A.W) da Imaman Shi’a daga jumlarsu akwai Imam Ali (A.S) da Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) da ma’anar shaidawa (babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah shi kadai bashi da Abokin tarayya) kuma nayi amfani da Kwatankwaci wannan jumla [3] Anyi amfani Kalmar Tauhid domin Bahasin Kalam da yake da dangantaka da dayanta Allah, Siffofi da Ayyuka, Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) da Imam Rida (A.S) cikin amsarsu ga tambayoyi dangane da ma’anar Tauhidi, sun yi ishara da wasu ba’arin Bahasin Kalam daga jumlarsu akwai korewa Allah duk wata Siffa ta Mutum [4] Cikin tsarin aiki guda uku mabanbantan juna na Kalam, Falsafa, Irfani, akwai ra’ayoyi uku dangane ga Tauhidi , akwai tsarin Suluki guda uku mabanbanta da juna, akwai Tauhid Kalami wanda ya ginu kan Imani da dayantar Allah, Tauhid Faslafi da ma’anar Imani da ya kafu kan dokokin Hankali, Tauhid Irfani wand aya ginu kan Shuhudi da Wusuli zuwa ga dayantar Allah [5]Tauhidi cikin, game da dayantar Wajibul wujud da taken Mafhumi guda daya Rak, amma cikin Irfani kwata-kwata babu ma maganar Mafhumi, bari dai Magana ce kan Misdakin Tauhidi ma’ana Allah wanda yake wani Samuwa guda daya da sauran samammu suka suka samu daga gare shi [6] dukkanin kokari da fafutikar Masana Falsafa ta kasance ne kan tabbatar da Tauhidin Wajibul Wujud, amma Fafutikar da kokarin Arifai shine Shuhudi da kaiwa ga Wusuli cikin Tauhidi, tareda haka ana ganin Hikimatul Muta’aliya wacce ake danganta ta ga Mulla Sadra Shirazi tattara Kur’ani da Irfani ne da Burhani, an yi bayanin Shuhudi da Irfani cikinta tareda Bahasin kafa dalili [7]
Matsayin Tauhidi a Muslunci
Tauhidi shi ne Mafi muhimmancin koyarwar Muslunci, ana ganinsa Nukdar da take banbanta Muslunci da Sauran Adddinai [8] da bayanin Kur’ani karara ya nuna cewa baki dayan Sakon Annabawa shine Imani da Tauhidi [9] tare da cewa Kalmar Tauhidi bata zo cikin Kur’ani ba, amma kuma akwai Ayoyi masu tarin yawa da suka kan tabbatar da Tauhidi da kore Shirka [10] Mulla Sadra cikin littafin Tafsirinsa ya tafi kan cewa hadafi na Asali a Kur’ani shi ne tabbatar da Tauhidi [11] Bada Shaida kan Kadaitar Allah da nesanta shi daga Shirka, sune bayanai na farko a farko-farkon fara kiran mutane a bayyane a Makka zuwa ga Addinin Muslunci [12] Wakilan Annabi zuwa Tabligin Muslunci a kasashe daban-daban daga cikin Jumlarsu akwai Mu’azu Bn Jabal, kodayaushe suna kiran Mutane zuwa ga Imani ga Allah daya [13] wasu ba’arin Malaman Muslunci tareda dogara kan matsayin na musammam kuma muhimmi na koyarwar Muslunci sun kira Musulmai da Ma’abota Tauhidi [14] kuma la’akari da Tauhidi matsayin wata Alama ta Musulmi [15] Imam Ali (A.S), yana ganin Imani da Tauhidi da Kadaituwar Allah tushen da Asasin Sanin Allah [16]
Farkon Addini Shine Sanin Allah kuma Kamalar Saninsa gasgata Zatin shi kuma Kamalar gasgata Zatin shi Tauhidi da kira zuwa ga Dayanta shi. [17] Tauhidi da Dayanta Allah, tareda bayani da Kalmomi Mabambanta, lokuta da dama Kur’ani Mai girma ya karfafa hakan, daga cikinsu akwai cikin Suratul Tauhid wacce ta ambaci Allah da Ahadu Daya Rak [18] tareda kore Alloli, Kadaita Allah, Allah daya ga kowa da kowa, Ubangijin dukkanin Halittu, nakadin Masu raya samuwar Alloli, karfafa kan kore Alloli, raddi kan masu da’awar Alloli uku, da kuma kore dukkanin Kwatankwaci da Tsara ga Allah, daga ciki Mafhumai da suke dangantaka da Tauhidi wadanda suka zo cikin Kur’ani [19] Ayoyin da kai tsaye suke shiryarwa kan Tauhidi sune: قُل هُوَ اللهُ أحَد
- Kace Allah daya ne. [20]
- Babu Abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah. [21]
- Babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai shi. [22]
- Abin bautarku shine Allah daya. [23]
- Babu wani abin bauta sai Allah. [24]
Martabobin Tauhidi
Da yawa yawan Malaman Kalam da Arifai da Masana Falsafa na Musulmai tareda dogara da Kur’ani Mai girma da kuma Riwayoyin Annabin Muslunci da Imaman Shi’a, sun kidaitawa Tauhidi wasu Martabobi da Darajoji, Martaba ta farko itace Tauhid Zati sai kuma Tauhid Sifati da Tauhid Af’ali, sannan mafi daukakar Martaba shine Tauhid cikin Ibada [25] Tauhidi cikin Kur’ani Mai girma da Al’adun Muslunci shine Kishiyantakar Shirka da kuma fito na fiti da ita, lallai yana daya daga cikin Maudu’ai na Asali a cikin Kur’ani Mai girma [26] kuma Musulmai kamar dai yanda suka yi Imani kan Martabobi da Darajojin Tauhidi to sun warewa Shirka Matakai da Martabobi [27] kan wannan Asasi na Imani da adadantuwar Zati ana kiransa Shirka a cikin Zati 28 kuma Imani da cewa tana Mai Tasiri fiye da guda daya wannan Shirka ce cikin aiki ko cikin Mai aiki [28] haka kuma Imani da rabuwar Siffar da Zatinsa, ana kiran haka da Shirka cikin Siffa [29] bautawa wani koma bayan Allah guda daya ana kiransa Shirka cikin Ibada [30]
Tauhid Zati
Asalin Makala: Tauhid Zati Tauhid Zati shine Martaba ta farko daga Martabobin Tauhidi [31] daya daga cikin ma’anoninsa shine dayantuwa da rashin tsara da Tanka ga Allah bai da misali bai da Mayi. Wannan shine abin da aya ta hudu ckin Suratul Tauhid ta kunsa (وَلَمْ یکُنْ لَه کُفُواً أحَدٌ) Kuma wani Tsara bai kasance gare shi ba. [32] Wata ma’ana ta daban ga Tauhid Zati shine cewa Zatin Allah baya karbar adadantuwa da biyuntuwa bai da Misali bai da Kwatankwaci [33] kamar dai yanda ya zo cikin Aya ta farko a Suratul Tauhid [34]
Tauhid Sifati
Asalin Makala: Tauhid Sifati Tauhid Sifati ma’anarsa shine dayantuwar Zatin Allah tareda Siffarsa, Tauhid Sifati ma’anarsa Riska da Sanin Zatin Allah ga dayantuwarsa tareda Siffofinsa, da kuma dayantuwar Siffofin Allah da shi [35] alal misali: Allah Masani ne, amma ba da ma’anar kara ilimi kan Zatinsa ba, bari dai da ma’anar shi Allah shi ne ainahin Ilmin, sabanin Mutum wanda Ilimi da Kudura suke wajen Zatinsa da mataki-mataki sannu-sannu suka karu kan Zatinsa [36] Siffofin Allah basa cin gashin kansu daga Zatin Allah, kuma basa cin gashi daga barin junansu, ma’ana Ilmin Allah shine dai Kudurarsa kuma dukkansu Samuwar Allah ne, wannan dai Ilmi da Kudura da sauran Siffofi sune dai Zatinsa, [37] a ra’ayin Misbahu Yazdi Tauhid Sifati a cikin Isdilahin Masana Falsafa da Malaman Kalam Siffofi misalin Ilimi, Rayuwa, da Kudura da muke danganta su zuwa ga Allah, a hakika ba komai bane su sai ainahin Zatin Allah, dukkanin Zatin Allah ne Madaukaki, sassabawarsu da Zati da kuma junansu kadai cikin Mafhumi ne [38] Kur’ani Mai girma, ya tsarkake Allah daga Siffofin da ake dangantawa gare shi [39] Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cikin maganar da Abu Basir ya nakalto, Ilmi, Ji, Gani, da Kudura duka Zatin Allah ba wani abu daban ba, kuma yayi bayani karara cewa Allah tun kafin samuwar abinda za a gani ko a ji ya kasance Mai ji Mai gani [40]
Tauhid Af’ali
Asalin Makala: Tauhid Af’ali Tauhid Af’ali ma’ana kamar yanda Zatin Allah ya dayantu, to haka ya dayanta cikin ayyukansa daga Rububiya Ubangijintaka, Mallaka, Shugabantaka ta Halitta duka bai da Abokin tarayya cikin su [41] Imani da Tauhid Af’ali yana lazimta cewa baki dayan Duniya aikin Allah ne, kuma Allah ne Tushen Asalin baki dayan ayyukan Bayi da Halittu [42] Halittun Duniya a zatinsu basu da cin gashin kai dukkaninsu da shi suke samun tsayuwa, a bayanin Kur’ani, Kayyum (Baki dayan samuwa cikin mukamin tasiri da illiya basu da wani cin gashin kai) Natija shine kamar yanda Allah bashi da Abokin tarayya cikin Zatinsa to haka cikin aiki bashi da Abokin tarayya [43] Kur’ani Mai girma, ya kira Allah da shine Mahaliccin komai da komai kuma shi dayantacce ne Mabuwayi [44] Imam Sadiƙ (A.S): ya tafi kan cewa Allah shi kadai ne wanda ya halicci dukkanin halittu daga babu kuma shi kadai ya cirata Samammu daga samuwa zuwa rashi [45]
Tauhid Ibadi
Asalin Makala:Tauhid Ibadi Tauhid Ibadi yana nufin Imani da cewa babu wanda ya cancanci bauta sai shi kadai, kuma bauta ta kebantu da shi [46] kira zuwa ga bautawa Allah daya kan asasin Kur’ani Mai girma shine kudurin dukkanin Annabawan Allah [47] Tauhid Ibadi zamu iya ganinsa cikin ba’arin wasu ayoyin Kur’ani Mai girma, daga cikinsu akwai Suratul Nahli da take hakaito aiko Annabawa cikin kowacce Al’umma domin su yi kira zuwa ga bautawa Allah daya da kuma kauracewa Dagutu [48] a cikin wata aya daga Kur’ani Mai girma an hana Annabi kira zuwa ga bautar wanin Allah, an umarce shi da bautar Mahaliccin Talikai [49] Annabi Mafi karamci cikin maganarsa zuwa ga Mushrikai, ya tambaye su a lokacin da kuke kera Gumaka kuke bauta musu kuke musu Sujjada, da kuke sallah kuke turmuza fuskokinku kan Kasa, to mene ne kuma kuka ragewa Ubangijin Talikai? [50] a bayani karara na Annabi, ya bayyana cewa daga cikin hakkokin wanda ake girmamawa da bautawa shine kada a daidaita shi da Bayinsa [51]
Dalilan Tauhidi
Asalin Makala: Hujjojin Tauhid Cikin Kur’ani Mai girma da Riwayoyin Ma’asumai da Rubuce-rubucen Masana Falsafar Muslunci da Kalam, sun kawo dalilai kan tabbatar da Dayantar Allah, ba’arin wadannan Hujjoji sune kamar haka:
- Burhanu Tamanu’i wanda aka ciro shi daga ayar [52]
Cikin yunkurin tabbatar da Tauhidi yana kan hanyar watsi da Shirka [53] bayanin wannan Hujja ance idan muka kaddara cewa akwai Allah guda biyu sai daya yayi Irada kan yin wani aiki dayan kuma yayi Irada sabanin wancan aiki to daya cikin abubuwa uku ne zai faru: 1-dukkanin Iradodin biyu na su zasu faru: a wannan kaddarawa an samu haduwar Kishiyoyin juna guda biyu wanda hakan bata yiwuwa. 2-Iradar kowannensu ba zata faru ba, wannan kaddarawa tana nuni kan gazawa cikin Allah. 3-Iradar dayan su zata tabbatu: a wannan kaddarawa zai bayyana karara cewa daya dayansu Gajiyayye ne kasashshe daya ne na Hakika [54]
- Burhan Tarkib, yana daga cikin Hujjojin Falsafar Muslunci wanda ya ginu kan tabbatar da Tauhidi ta hanyar watsi da tarkibantuwar Allah, kan wannan asasi na tarkibi yana lazimta yarda da biyuntuwar Allah, da yarda da tarkibantuwarsa da samuwar Wajubul Wujud daga wajibi biyu, domi dukkanin Samamme Murakkabi yana bukatuwa da sababi da ya samar wannan tarkibi, saboda haka Samamme Murakkabi ba zai iya zama Wajibul Wujud ba dole ne ya zama Basidi mara tarkibi domin samun damar zama Wajibul Wujud, sabida haka Tarkibantuwa baya dacewa da wajibul wujud, daga karshe Natija zata zama wajibul wujud kadai zai kasance cikin Dayanta [55]
Kari kan abubuwan da muka ambata a baya, akwai Burhanai daga jumlarsu akwai: Burhan ta’ayini, Burhan Imtina’i Kasrat, Burhan Makdurat da kuma Burhan Bisat Anbiya, cikin Falsafa da Kalam na Muslunci an ambace su [56] Imam Ali (A.S) cikin wasika zuwa ga Imam Hassan (A.S) yayi bayanin daya daga cikin Dalilan tabbatar da dayantuwar Allah, kuma yayi bayani karara cewa idan ya zama Allah yana da Abokin tarayya, Manzanninsa zasu karkata zuwa ga Bayi [57] Malaman Kalam Musulmi sun sanya wannan Burhani suna da Burhan Bisat cikin Litattafansu [58]
Tuhumar `Yan Shi’a da Aikata Shirka
Wahabiyawa suna tuhumar `Yan Shi’a da aikata Shirka sakamakon Imanin su da Ceto da kuma Tawassali da Annabawa da Waliyyan Allah haka kuma da neman tabarukki da Kaburbura da Kufaifayinsu na Tarihi [59] sai dai cewa `Yan Shi’a sun karyata wannan Tuhuma sun yi Imani da cewa wannan abubuwa da suke aikatawa kwa-kwata babu niyya da kudurce Bautawa Annabawa da Waliyyan Allah kuma basa basu mukamin Allah, basu da wata niyya da ta wuce girmamawa da kuma neman kusanci zuwa ga Allah ta hanyar kamun kafa dasu [60] Ibn Taimiyya ya bayyana cewa duk wanda yayi Tawassuli da kamun kafa da Imam Ali (A.S) Kafiri, kuma duk wanda yake da kokwanto kan Kafirtar shi ma ya zama Kafiri [61] duk wanda ya nemi taimako kusa da Kabarin wani Bawan Allah nagari lallai shi Mushriki ne dole a tilasta shi tuba idan yaki Tuba wajibi a Sare kansa [62] Abdul-Azin Bn Baz babban Muftin Wahabiyawa cikin rubuce-rubucensa ya bayyana cewa yin addu’a da neman taimakon kusa da Kaburbura neman lafoya da nasara kan Makiya duka Mabayyanai ne Shirka Akbar [63] `Yan Shi’atareda dogara da ayoyin Kur’ani sun tafi kan haramcin ceto idan ya kasance cin gashin kai ba tareda jingina da iznin Allah, domin wannan sura ce ta Shirka cikin Ubangijintakar da gudanarwar Allah [64] Malaman Shi’a sun kore abinda Muhammad Bn Abdul-Wahab da Abdul-Aziz Bn Baz suka aikata tare da jingina ayoyin Kur’ani Mai girma cikin kamanta ceto da bautar Gumaka, akwai banbanci na asasi cikin neman ceto daga Annabawa da kuma nemanta daga Masu bautar Gumaka, imanin Musulmi ya banbanta da na Masu bautar Gumaka a cikin Kur’ani Mai girma, har abada Musulmi ba zasu taba Allantar da Annabawa [65]
Sanin Littafi
Malaman Kalam da Hadisi musammam na Imamiyya wani lokacin su kan yi talifin Littafi sukutun kan Tauhidi wani lokacin kuma su kan bijiro da shi cikin bayanin Akidun Shi’a,, wasu ba’ari sun kidaya masadir 22 dangane da Tauhidi [66] wasu ba’arin daga cikinsu:
- Kitabul Tauhid talifin Shaik Saduk, ya kunshi Maudu’ai da suka hado da dayantar Zatin Allah, Safatu Subutiya da Salbiyya haka kuma Kada’u da Kadar da kuma Bahasin Jabar da Iktiyar ta hanyar kawo ayoyin Kur’ani da Riwayoyin Ma’asumai [67] wannan littafi an tarjama zuwa harshen larabci da sunaye daban-daban [68]
- Sharh Babul Hadi Ashar, dangane da Asalan Akidun Shi’a, Talifin Mikdad Bn Abdullahi Sayyuri, Fasali na farko yana bahasi ne kan Tauhidi [69] littafi Arrasa'ilul Tauuhidiyya talifin Allama Tabataba’i [70] ya kunshi Makaloli hudu dangane da Tauhid Zati, Asma wa Af’al Ilahi, haka kuma tsani tsakanin Ubangiji da duniyar dabi’a [71] wannan littafi yana tattare da Makaloli uku dangane da Mutum kafin zuwansa duniya, cikin duniya, da bayan barin duniya [72] an rubuta Arrasa’il Attauhidiya da harshen larabci a [73]shekara 1361 hijiri tare da Tarjama shi da bincike na Ali Shirawani a kasar Iran an kuma buga shi [74]
- Tauhid ya kunshi matani da aka zuba daga Laccoci 17 na Murtada Mutahhari a shekara 1346 shamsi [75] yana shafi 346 jigon wannan littafi ya kasance amsoshi ne ga shubuhohi da suka shafi Tauhidi da kuma Nazariyar Takamul da kuma mas’alar Sharri [76]
- Attauhid wash-Shirk fi-Alkur’an Alkareem, Talifin Jafar Subhani, ya kunshi Fasali hudu, Marubucin yayi bayanin Martabobin Bakwai na Tauhidi da kuma tarifin Ibada da fahimtar Akidun Wahabiyawa da ma’aunansu cikin Tauhidi da Shirka, yana da wani littafin da sunan Buhusul Kur’aniyya fi Attauhid wash-Shirk ya rubuta shi da harshen Larabci shima dai ya kunshi maudu’an tauhidi da shirka da kuma shubuhohin Wahabiyawa, galibin bahasin littafin ya tattaru kan Fasali biyar dangane da Tauhidi cikin Ibada [77] an buga shi da yada ta hannun Mahadi Azizan da tarjamar Farisanci da sunan Marzehaye Tauhid wa-Shirk dar Kur’an Kareem cibiyar Mash’ar Nashar suka dauki nauyi yadawa [78]
- Tauhid wa-Shirk dar Negahe Shi’eh wa-Wahabiyat, rubutun Ahmad ABidi, a cewar Marubutun amsa ce kan da’awowin littafin (Usulu Mazhab Shi’a Imamiyya Al’isna Ashriyya) wanda Nasir Alkifari ya rubuta Dalibin Jami’ar Muslunci ta Muhammad Bn Sa’ud da take Saudiya [79] cikin wannan littafi Ahmad Abidi yayi bayanin mahangar Shi’a cikin Tauhid Rububiyat, Tauhid Asma, Tauhid Sifat daga karshe kuma Imani da rukunansa, yayi bakin kokari cikin bayyana fifitar Akidun Shi’a kan Na Wahabiyawa a cikin Tauhidi, tareda Nakadin Uslubin Nasir Alkifari cikin littafinsa 81 an tarjama wannan littafi a shekarar 1434 zuwa harshen larabci da sunan (Attauhid wash-Shirk inda Ashshi’a wal-Wahabiyya) an kuma yada shi [80]
- Allah Shinasi, cikin mujalladi uku rubutun Allama Tahrani wanda ya kunshi mas’alolin Tauhidi yayi sharhi sosai tareda amfani da ayoyin Kur’ani da Riwayoyi, da ra’ayoyi daban-daban daga Falsafa Irfani [81]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhid az Didgahe ayat wa Riwayat(2), 1379, shafi na 19-20.
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhid az Didgahe ayat wa Riwayat(2), 1379, shafi na 19-20.
- ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, At-Tauhid, 1389, Babi na 1, Hadisi na 8, shafi na 10; Babi na 2, Hadisi na 26, shafi na 64; Babi na 1, Hadisi na 35, shafi na 24.
- ↑ Sheikh Sadouq, At-Tauhidi, 2009, Babi na 2, Hadisi na 14 da 15, shafi na 48-51.
- ↑ Tabatabai, “Tauhidi Shuhudi aza Manzareh Imam Khumaini”, shafi na 104.
- ↑ Zaki Afshagar, “Tauhidiwa Amuzehaye Murtabid az Nazareh Ibn Arabi da Mulla Sadra suka fada” shafi na 136.
- ↑ Zaki Afshagar, “Tauhidiwa Amuzehaye Murtabid az Nazareh Ibn Arabi da Mulla Sadra suka fada” shafi na 136.
- ↑ Yahya, “Sairi mas’alatul tauhidi dar Alame Islami ta Karne 7 Hijiri”, shafi na 196; Safi, Tajalli Tauhid dar nezame Imamat, 1392, shafi na 21.
- ↑ Yahya, “Sairi mas’alatul tauhidi dar Alame Islami ta Karne 7 Hijiri”, shafi na 196
- ↑ <a class="external text" href="http://www.maarefquran.org/index.php/page,viewArticle/LinkID,15519">رمضانی، «توحید».</a>
- ↑ Mulla Sadra, Tafsirul Alkur'an mai girma, 1366, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 54.
- ↑ Yaqoubi, Tarikh Yaqoubi, Dar Sadir, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 24
- ↑ Yaqoubi, Tarikh Yaqoubi, Dar Sadir, juzu'i na 76-81
- ↑ Taremirad, “Tauhid”, shafi na 406
- ↑ Misbah Yazdi, Koda Shinasi (Majumu'eh Kutub Amuzeshi Maref Kur'an 1), 1394, shafi 180
- ↑ Nahj al-Balagheh, binciken Sobhi Saleh, hudubar farko, shafi na 39.
- ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Nahj Al-Balagah Ba Tarjumeh Farsi, 2004, shafi na 23.
- ↑ Shariatmadari, “Tauhidi Az Didgahe Kur’an wa Nahj Al-Balagah (1)”, shafi na 48.
- ↑ Taremirad, “Tauhid”, shafi na 406 da na 407.
- ↑ Suratul Ikhlas, aya ta 1.
- ↑ Suratul Safat, aya ta 35; Suratul Muhammad, aya ta:19.
- ↑ Suratul Baqarah, aya ta 163.
- ↑ Suratul Kahf, aya ta 110; Suratul Anbiya aya ta 108; Suratul Faslat aya ta 6.
- ↑ Suratul Sad, aya ta 65.
- ↑ Mohammadi Rayshahri, Daneshnameh Quranwa Hadith, 1391, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 419.
- ↑ Sobhani, Simaye Insan Kamil dar Kur’an, 1377, shafi na 291.
- ↑ Sobhani, Simaye Insan Kamil dar Kur’an, 1377, shafi na 291
- ↑ Sobhani, Simaye Insan Kamil dar Kur’an, 1377, shafi na 292
- ↑ Sobhani, Simaye Insan Kamil dar Kur’an, 1377, shafi na 294
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhid Az Digahe Ayat Wa Riwayat, (2), 1379, shafi na 54.
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhidaz Didgahe Ayat wa Riwayat, 1379, shafi na 79.
- ↑ Sobhani, Barguzideh Simaye Aqayeed Shieh, 2007, shafi na 34.
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhid az Digahe Akl wa Nakl, 1379, shafi na 79.
- ↑ Sobhani, Barguzideh Simaye Aqayeed Shieh, 2007, shafi na 34
- ↑ Motahari, Majmu'eh Asar, 1377, shafi na 101
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhid az Didgahe Akl Wa Nakl, 1379, shafi na 87.
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhid az Didgahe Akl Wa Nakl, 1379, shafi na 87.
- ↑ <a class="external free" href="https://mesbahyazdi.ir/node/5512/درس-نهم-اقسام-توحید">https://mesbahyazdi.ir/node/5512/درس-نهم-اقسام-توحید</a>
- ↑ Suratul Safat, aya ta:180.
- ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1388 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 107.
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhidi az Didgahe Ajk wa Nakl, 1379, shafi na 93.
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhidi az Didgahe Ajk wa Nakl, 1379, shafi na 93
- ↑ Motahari, Majmu'eh Asar 1377, shafi na 103.
- ↑ Suratul Ra'ad, aya ta 16.
- ↑ Allameh Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 148.
- ↑ Karimi, Mabda Shinasi, 2007, shafi na 43.
- ↑ Karimi, Tauhid az Didgahe Akl wa Nakl, 1379, shafi na 114.
- ↑ Suratul Nahl, aya ta 36.
- ↑ Suratul Ghafar, aya ta 66.
- ↑ Hurrul Ameli, was'eal Al-Shia, 1392, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 985.
- ↑ Hurrul Ameli, was'eal Al-Shia, 1392, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 985.
- ↑ Suratul Anbiya, aya ta 22.
- ↑ Yathrabi, tarikh Tahlili Intkadi Falsafeh Islami, 2008, shafi na 503-504.
- ↑ Yathrabi, tarikh Tahlili Intkadi Falsafeh Islami, 2008, shafi na 503-504.
- ↑ Yathrabi, tarikh Tahlili Intkadi Falsafeh Islami, 2008, shafi na 508-509.
- ↑ Yathrabi, tarikh Tahlili Intkadi Falsafeh Islami, 2008, shafi na 506-515.
- ↑ Nahj Al-Balaga, bincike na Sobhi Saleh, harafi na 31, shafi na 396.
- ↑ Yathrabi, tarikh Tahlili Intkadi Falsafeh Islami, 2008, shafi na 513-514.
- ↑ Ostadi, Shi'eh wa fasuk ba cand furseshe, 2005, shafi na 84.
- ↑ Ostadi, Shi'eh wa fasuk ba cand furseshe, 2005, shafi na 84
- ↑ "Shaikhul Islam Ibn Taimiyyah, Allah ya yi masa rahama, ya ce: duk wanda ya kirayi Ali bin Abi Talib, ya kafirta, kuma duk wanda yake shakkar kafircina, shima ya kafirta." (Al-Darr al-Sunni fi al-Ajuba al-Najdiyya, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 292).
- ↑ Ibnu Taimiyyah, Ziyaratul Kubur wa istinjadi bil Makburi, 1412 AH, shafi na 19.
- ↑ <a class="external text" href="http://www.binbaz.org.sa/fatawa/152">بن باز، «بعض الممارسات الشرکیة عند القبور».</a>
- ↑ Ostadi, Shi'eh wa fasuk ba cand furseshe, 2005, shafi na 84-85
- ↑ Sobhani Tabrizi,Marzihaye Tauhid wa Shirk dar Kur’an, 1380, shafi na 159.
- ↑ Rouhani, "At-Tauhid", shafi na 134-135.
- ↑ Hoshangi, “Al-Tawheed”, shafi na 401-404.
- ↑ Misali, duba: Sheikh Sadouq, Asrar Tawhied, wanda Mohammad Ali Ardakani, Tehran, Ilmia Islamia Publishing House ya fassara; Sheikh Sadouq, Tauhidi, wanda Ali Akbar Mirzaei ya fassara, Qum, Alayoun, 2008.
- ↑ Rezanjad, “Tauhid dar Mzahaib Kalami”, shafi na 59.
- ↑ Rezanjad, “Tauhid dar Mzahaib Kalami”, shafi na 59
- ↑ Duba: Al-Ɗabaɗaba'i, Al-Risaal al-Tawhidiya, 1419H.
- ↑ Duba: Al-Ɗabaɗaba'i, Al-Risaal al-Tawhidiya, 1419H.
- ↑ Duba: Al-Ɗabaɗaba'i, Al-Risaal al-Tawhidiya, 1419H.
- ↑ Duba: Al-Ɗabaɗaba'i, Al-Risaal al-Tawhidiya, 1419H. shafi na 9-11
- ↑ Motahari, Tauhid, 2007, shafi na 9.
- ↑ Duba Motahari, Tauhid, 2007, shafi na 211-250.
- ↑ Sobhani Tabrizi, Marzihaye Tauhidi wa Shirk, 2013, shafi na 8.
- ↑ <a class="external text" href="http://lib.hajj.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/458">«مرزهای توحید و شرک در قرآن کریم»، کتابخانه تخصصی حج.</a>
- ↑ Abedi, Tauhidi wa shirka dar Negahe Shi'eh waa Wahabiyat, bugun Mashaar, shafi na 15-16.
- ↑ Abedi, Tauhidi wa shirka dar Negahe Shi'eh waa Wahabiyat, bugun Mashaar, shafi na 15-16
- ↑ Abedi da At-Tauhid waa shirk Inda Shi’a wa Wahabiya, 1434 BC.
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