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Wajibi Kifa'i

Daga wikishia

Wajibi kifa'i, (Larabci: الواجب الكفائي) wani nau'i ne daga wajibai na addini wanda duk da cewa dole baki ɗayan mukallafai su sauke shi, amma tare da haka idan wasu suka yi sun ɗaukewa saura, taklifi ya na faɗuwa daga sauran mutane wanda ba su yi ba. Wajibi kifa'i yana kishiyantar wajibi aini, wanda yin sa yana hawa wuyan kowa da kowa kuma dole ka yi shi, idan wasu suka yi ba zai sauka daga wuyan sauran mutane da ba su yi ba. Shirya mamaci, jihadi, umarni da kyakkyawa da hani da mummuna su na cikin wajibai kifa'i.

A mafi yawan gurare wajibi kifa'i yana da alaƙa da gamammun maslahohi na al'umma; da wannan dalili ne, aka bayyana wajibai kifa'i matsayin hanyar da Muslunci yake bi don kare muradun al'umma. A wasu wuraren za ta iya yi wuwa wajibi kifa'i ya canja zuwa wajibi aini; kamar idan ya zama alƙali ɗaya rak ake da shi, to a irin wannan yanayi alƙalanci ya na zama wajibi aini a gare shi. A cewar malaman ilimin usulul fiƙhi, lokacin da ake shakka kan wajibi aini ko wajibi kifa'i ne, wajibi ne a yi gini kan kasancewar sa wajibi aini.

Bayani Na Fiƙihu

Wajibi kifa'i wani ɓangare ne daga wajibai na addini waɗanda manufar addini daga gare su shi ne kawai a aikata su babu bambanci wane ne ya aikata.[1] Cikin wannan wajibi, kowa an ɗora masa nauyi, babu bambanci, amma kuma idan wasu suka yi to ya faɗi daga wuyan saura.[2] Daga jumla ayyuka a suke wajibi kifa'i, za a iya kawo misalin tsarkake masallaci daga najasa, umarni da kyakkyawa da hani da mummuna, shirya mamaci, jihadi da kuma tunatar da mutane ayyukan da rayuwar al'umma take tsayu da su.[3] Wajibi kifa'i a galibin wurare shi ne hanyar da Muslunci ke bi domin tabbatar da hidima ta zamantakewa da kuma kare muradun al'umma.[4]

Cikin bayani na ilimi wannan mas'ala ta wajibi wai a kan wa da wa ne take kasancewa wajibi, akwai mabambantan maganganu;[5] Wajibi kan ko wane mukallafi(Ra'ayin Akhun Khurasani[6]), Kan wanda ba ayyana ba (Ra'ayin Imam Khomaini[7]), Kan ɗaya daga cikin mukallafai a matsayin madadin ( Ra'ayin Sayyid Muhammad Baƙir Sadar[8]), dukkanin mukallafai (Nazariyar Ƙuɗubud-dini Shirazi[9]) su na cikin jumlar ra'ayoyi da aka kawo cikin wannan mas'ala.

Bambancin Wajibi Kifa'i Da Aini

Wajibi kifa'i kishiya ne na wajibi aini; wajibi aini, wajibi ne da sauke shi ya hau wuyan baki ɗayan mukallafai, idan wasu suka sauke ba ya faɗuwa daga wuyan saura, kamar dai misalin sallolin yau da kullun da azumin watan Ramadan.[10] A wajibi kifa'i, wanda ya aikata shi kaɗai ne zai samu lada, amma idan bai yi ba to baki ɗayan mutane sun aikata lefi.[11] Koyan ba'arin ilimummuka, yana kasancewa wajibi aini, wasu ba'ari kuma wajibi kifa'i ne; ilimummukan da koyan su sharar fage ne na lamintar da buƙatun zamantakewa kamar (Koyan ilimin likitanci) wajibi ne kifa'i, amma koyan hukunce-hukuncen addini da aƙidu wanda sharar fage ne na gina kai, wajibi ne aini.[12]

Canjuwar Wajibi Kifa'i Zuwa Wajibi Aini

Idan ya zamanto cewa mukallafi ɗaya ne rak zai iya sauke wajibi kifa'i na wani aiki, zai zama wajibi aini a wuyansa; misalin ba da shaida a kotu, duk da cewa wajibi kifa'i ne, amma idan ya zamanto mutum ɗaya ne rak zai iya ba da wannan shaida, to ba da shaida a kan wannan mutumi ta zama kamar sauran wajibai aini a wuyanSa.[13]

Wajibi kifa'i, ba ya nufin cewa duk wanda yake da iko sai ya sauke wannan wajibi, dole ne wanda zai yi ya zamana yana da cancantuwa; alal misali idan zama alƙali ya kasance wajibi kifa'i, to dole ne da farko wanda zai yi alƙalancin ya zamana yana da cancantuwa.[14] Saboda haka a wuraren da mutum ɗaya ne kaɗai yake da cancantuwa da sauke wajibi kifa'i, to wannan ba wajibi kifa'i ba ne kan wannan mutumi, a a ya zama wajibi aini a wuyansa.[15]

Rabe-rabe

Wajibi kifa'i ya na da rabe-rabe:

  1. .Wajibai da ba za a iya maimaita su sau biyu ba, misalin kashe mai zagin Annabi (Saboda ba za a iya maimaita kashe wanda aka rigaya aka kashe ba);
  2. .Wajibai da duk da cewa za a iya maimaita su, amma sake maimaitawar haramun ne a shari'a, misalin binne gawa (Duk da cewa za a iya tone kabarin a fito da gawar a sake binne ta amma dai shi tone kabari haramun ne)
  3. .Wajibai da ba buƙatar maimaita su kuma ba haramun bane, misalin sanya likkafani (Maimaitawa ba mustahabbi ba ne ba kuma ba haramun ba ne)
  4. .Wajibai waɗanda yin su sau biyu abu ne mai kyau, misalin sallar gawa maimaitawa mustahabbi ne.[16]

Shakka Shin Wajibi Kifa'i Ko Aini

A cewar malaman usulul fiƙhi, a wuraren da ake kokwanto cikin umarnin Allah, shin kifa'i ne ko aini, a irin wannan yanayi za a yi hukunci da kasancewar sa aini;[17] Saboda a wuraren da ba a iya tantancewa shin sauke wannan aiki ga mutum zai sanya ya faɗi daga sauran mukallafai ko ba zai faɗi ba, daidai da hukuncin hankali, dole ne a sake wannan aiki.[18]

Ku Duba

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Saifi, Bada'i al-Bakhu fi ilm al-usul, 1429ƙ, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 393.
  2. ↑ Ƙungiyar masu bincike, Farhangename Usul Fiqhe, 1389SH, shafi na 871.
  3. ↑ Muzaffar, Usulul Fiqhi, 1370SH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 86.
  4. ↑ Alawi, "Khidmate Ijtima'i Az Manzare Wubub Kifa'yi," shafi na 38-40.
  5. ↑ Lotfi, Mabadi Fiqhi, 1380SH, shafi na 70-71.
  6. ↑ Akund Khorasani, Kifayat al-Usul, 1409ƙ, shafi. 143.
  7. ↑ Mousawi Khomeini, Tahdhib al-Asul, 1362SH, juzu'i. 1, shafi na. 367.
  8. ↑ Sadr, Durus Fi Ilmil Usul, 1424ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 339-341.
  9. ↑ Tarimi, Al-Hashiyyah Ala Qawanin Al-usul, 1306SH, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 222.
  10. ↑ Lotfi, Mabadi Fiqhi, 1380SH, shafi. 69.
  11. ↑ Mohammadi, Sharhu Usul Fiqhe, 1387SH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 172.
  12. ↑ Mohammadi Rayshahri, Ilme Hekmat Dar Ƙur'an Wa hadis, 1382SH, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 440-441.
  13. ↑ Saifi, Bada'i'il al-Buhus fi 'Ilim al-Usul, 1429ƙ, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 399.
  14. ↑ Safari, Barsi Huquqi Idareh Male Gairi, 1391SH, shafi. 254
  15. ↑ Mousawi Khomeini, Tahrir al-Wasilah, 1379SH, shafi. 378, fitowa ta 13.
  16. ↑ Sobhani, Al-Mahsul, 1414ƙ, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 137.
  17. ↑ Misali, duba: Akund Khorasani, Kifayat al-Usul, 1409ƙ, shafi na. 252; Muzaffar, Usul al-Fiqh, 1370 AH, wol. 1, shafi. 72; Sobhani, Al-Wasit, 1388SH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 100.
  18. ↑ Muzaffar, Usul Fiqh, 1370SH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 72.

Nassoshi

  • Akhund Khorasani, Muhammad Kazim, Kifayat al-Usul, Ƙum, Al-Bait (AS), 1409ƙ.
  • Lotfi, Asadollah, Mabadi al-Fiqh, Ƙum, Hijira, 1380SH.
  • Mohammadi Rayshahri, Mohammad, Ilme Wa Hekmat Dar Ƙur'an Wa Hadisi, Ƙum, Wallafar Darul Hadith, 1382SH.
  • Mohammadi, Ali, Sharhu Usul Fiqhe, Ƙum, Darul Fikr, 1387SH.
  • Mozaffar, Mohammad Reza, Usulul Fiqhe, Ƙum, Cibiyar Buga Ofishin Farfagandar Musulunci, 1370SH.
  • Musawi Khomeini, Sayyid Ruhollah, Tahdhib al-Asul, Ƙum, Ofishin Daba'ar Musulunci, 1362SH.
  • Musawi Khomeini, Sayyid Ruhollah, Tahrir al-Wasilah, Tehran, Cibiyar Harhadawa da Buga Ayyukan Imam Khumaini, 1379SH.
  • Sadr, Sayyid Muhammad Baqir, Durus fi ‘Ilim al-Usul, Ƙum, Cibiyar Bincike da Nazari na Musamman na Shahidi Sadr, 1424ƙ.
  • Safari, Esfandiar, Barsi Fiqhi Huquqi Idareh Mal Gairi, Mashhad, Jami'ar Kimiyyar Musulunci ta Razawi, 1391SH.
  • Saifi, Ali Akbar, Badaa’i al-Buhoos fi ‘Ilm al-Usul, Ƙum, Islamic Publications Office, 1429ƙ.
  • Sobhani, Jafar, Al-Mahsul fi ‘Ilim al-Usul, wanda Mahmoud Jalali Mazandarani, Ƙum, Cibiyar Imam Sadik (AS) ya tattara, 1414ƙ.
  • Sobhani, Jafar, Al-Wasit fi ‘Usul al-Fiqh, Ƙum, Cibiyar Imam Sadik (AS), 1388SH.
  • Taremi, Jawad, Al-Hashiyyah ali qawanin al-Usul, Tehran, Ibrahim Basmchi, 1306SH.
  • Ƙungiyar masu bincike, Farhangename Usul Fiqhi, Ƙum, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Musulunci da Al'adu, 1380SH.
  • Sayyid Yusuf Alawi، «خدمات اجتماعی از منظر وجوب کفایی»، (Zaman takewar jama'a daga mahangar wajibcin kafa'i) A cikin Mujallar Fiqihu da Nazarin Shari’a, na 12, Hunturu 2003M.
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