Daƙiƙa:Hadis Fi'atul Bagiya
| Maudu'i | Hasashen Annabi (S.A.W) game da kashe Ammar Yasir ta hannun ƙungiyar ƴantawaye masu ɗagawa |
|---|---|
| Ya Fito Daga | Annabi (S.A.W) |
| Asalin Marawaici | Mutawatiri |
| Madogaran Shi'a | Waƙ'atu Siffin, Tafsir Imam Hassan Askari (A.S), Al-Mustarshad Fil Imama, Kifayatul Asri |
| Madogaran Ahlus-sunna | Sahihul Bukhari, Sahihu Muslim, Sunanu Tirmizi |
| Hadis Silsilatuz Zahab • Hadis Saƙlaini • Maƙbulatu Umar Bin Hanzala • Hadis Ƙurbu Nawafil • Hadis Mi'iraj • Hadis Wilaya • Hadis Wisaya • Hadis Junud Aƙli Wa Jahal • Hadis Shajara | |
Hadis fi'atul bagiya, shahararren hadisi ne da aka naƙalto daga Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) wanda cikinsa aka kira makasa Ammar Yasir da sunan Fi'atul bagiya ko ƴantawaye ma'abota ɗagawa, wannan hadisi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa yayin yaƙin Siffin da kuma cikin tabbatar da gaskiyar da cancantar halifancin Imam Ali (A.S), haka nan da yawa-yawan malaman Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna sun riƙi wannan hadisi matsayin dalili kan tawayen Mu'awiya da rundunarsa.
Wannan riwaya an naƙalto ta daga adadin litattafan Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna, da yawa-yawan masana hadisi suna ɗaukar ta matsayin riwaya mutawatira. Tare da haka, ba'arin malamai kamar Ibn Taimiyya sun yi shakku cikin ingancin wannan riwaya, kuma suna ganin ijtihadin da Mu'awiya ya yi a gaban nassin hadisi abun lura ne, kishiyar haka, malaman aƙida kamar Sayyid Murtada, Shaik Ɗusi da Fakhrur Razi, suna ɗaukar wannan hadisi matsayin wata alama ta hasashe da labaran gaibu da Annabi (S.A.W) ya faɗa, kuma dalili ne kan kasancewar Imam Ali (A.S) a kan gaskiya.
Nazarin Ma'ana Da Muhimmanci
Hadisul Fi'atul bagiya wata magana ce ta aka naƙalto daga Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) game da Ammar Bin Yasir daga cikin sahabbai. Cikin wannan hadisi ya zo cewa (Wasu ƙungiya masu tawaye za su kashe Ammar).[1] kalmar "Fi'atul Bagiya" ana faɗin ta kan wasu ƙungiya da suka kauce daga hanyar gaskiya suka yi rashin ɗa'a ga umarnin shugaba da yake kan gaskiya.[2]
Ammar ya halarci yaƙoƙin Badar, Uhudu, Khandaƙ da Siffin, kuma shi ne mutum na farko a Muslunci da ya fara gina masallaci (Masallacin Ƙuba). An kashe shi lokacin yaƙin Siffin cikin rundunar Imam Ali (A.S). Bisa abin da ya zo a madogarai an kashe shi yana da shekaru 93.[3]
A cikin wani hadisin daban an yi amfani da jumlar "An kashe shi ta hannun wata ƙungiyar ƴantawaye" kan Imam Husaini (A.S).[4]
An ce wannan riwaya ɗaya ce daga alamomi da Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi bayani domin shiriyar da mutane a cikin lokacin fitina.[5] Saboda haka ne wasu daga malaman tauhidi na Shi'a[6] da Ahlus-Sunna[7] tare da jingina da wannan hadisi suka kafa hujja kan kasancewar halifancin Imam Ali (A.S) kan gaskiya da kuma tabbatar kasancewar Mu'awiya ɗantawaye.
Bisa abin da ya zo cikin littafin Waƙ'atu Siffin, wannan hadisi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa cikin auna wane ne yake kan gaskiya daga ɓangarori biyu; da yanayin da a lokacin da wasu daga cikin sojojin Mu'awiya suka ji wannan hadisi sai suka shiga cikin shakku.[8] Malaman aƙida na musulmi kamar Sayyid Murtada (Rasuwa: 436H),[9] Shaik Ɗusi (Rasuwa: 460H),[10] Ibn Hamza Ɗusi (Rasuwa: 600H),[11] da Fakhrur Razi (Rasuwa: 544H)[12] suna ɗaukar wannan hadisi matsayin labarin gaibu da mu'ujizar Annabi (S.A.W).
Auna Inganci
Malaman hadisi na Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna sun bayyana hadisin "Fi'atul bagiya" a matsayin hadisi mutawatiri.[13]
Wannan riwaya ta zo cikin adadin litattafai na Shi'a; daga jumla littafin Waƙ'atu Siffin na Nasru Bin Mazahim (Rasuwa: 212H),[14] Tafsir Imam Hassan Askari (A.S),[15] Al-Mutarshad Fil Imama, na Ɗabari Kabir (Rasuwa: 310H),[16] da Kifayatul Asri, na Ali Bin Muhammad Khazzaz Ƙummi (Rasuwa kusan shekara 400H).[17] Haka zalika Ƙazi Nu'uman Magribi (Rasuwa: 363H) cikin litattafan guda biyu,[18] da Ƙuɗub Rawandi (Rasuwa: 573H) a cikin Al-Khara'iju Wal Jara'ihu,[19] duka sun kawo wannan hadisi.
Cikin madogarai na tushe a gurin Ahlus-Sunna kamar Sahihul Bukhari[20] Sahihu Muslim[21] Musnad Ahmad Bin Hanbal,[22] da Sunanu Tirmizi[23] an naƙalto wannan hadisi.
Haka kuma, wasu riwayoyi tare da bambancin lafazi da marawaita sun zo cikin wasu madogaran Ahlus-Sunna; daga jumla cikin litattafan Al-Azdi,[24] Ibn Ƙutaiba Dinuri,[25] Ibn Sa'ad,[26] da Balazuri.[27]
Mai bincike da tantancewa kan littafin Al-Fi'atul Bagiya, ya himmatu kan binciken mabanbantan rahotanni guda biyar game da wannan riwaya.[28] Waɗannan rahotanni a mahangar malaman hadisi na Ahlus-Sunna misalin Tirmizi,[29] Nasirud-dini Albani,[30] da Shu'aibu Arna'uɗ[31] rahotanni ne ingantattu.
Tare da haka, Ibn Taimiyya Harrani, basalafe, ya yi da'awa cewa wasu daga Ahlus-Sunna suna ɗaukar wannan riwaya a matsayin rarrauna.[32] A cikin amsa kan wannan magana tasa, an ce wannan hadisi ya zo a adadin litattafai kuma da yawa-wayan malaman hadisi suna ɗaukarsa matsayin hadisi mutawatiri.[33]
Fahimtoci Daga Matanin Hadisin
Malaman hadisi sun ciro wasu fahimtoci daga riwayar Al-Fi'atul Bagiya sune kamar haka:
- Tawaye da ɗagawar Mu'awiya da mutanensa a gaban Imam Ali
Cikin wannan riwaya, Annabi (S.A.W) ya kira makasa Ammar Yasir da sunan "Al-Fi'atul Bagiya" ƙungiya masu tawaye. Sakamakon kasancewar an kashe Ammar lokacin da yake cikin sahun tare da Imam Ali (A.S) a yaƙin Siffin, da yawa-yawan malaman hadisi da tafsiri sun fitar da sakamako cewa Mu'awiya da sojojinsa sun yi ɗagawa da tawaye a gaban Imam Ali.[34]
- Kira zuwa wutar Jahannama
Cikin ba'arin naƙali, Annabi (S.A.W) ya bayyana makasa Ammar da sunan Du'atu Ilan Nari (Masu kira zuwa wuta).[35] Wannan jumla a mahangar ba'arin masu tafsiri, alama ce kan ɓata da tawayen Mu'awiya da mutanensa daga hanyar gaskiya.[36]
- Wajabci jihadi kan ƙungiya masu ɗagawa
Malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a[37] da Ahlus-Sunna[38] tare da dogara da wannan riwaya, sun fitar da hukuncin wajabcin yin jihadi kan ƙungiya da ta yi ɗagawa da tawaye a gaban halastaccen Imami da shugaba.
Martanoni Game da Shahadar Ammar Yasir A Yaƙin Siffin
Bayan shahadar Ammar Yasir a yaƙin Siffin, wasu daga mutanen Mu'awiya sun tsinci kansu cikin ruɗewa da shakku da kokwanto, sakamakon tunawa da hadisin Annabi da yake bayyana makasa Ammar a matsayin ƙungiyar ƴantawaye masu ɗaagawa, sun shiga raurawa da ɗimauta game da halascin yaƙin da suka halarta.[39]
Uzurin Mu'awiya Da Amsar Imam Ali (A.S)
Cikin martani kan wannan shakku, Mu'awiya ya yi da'awar cewa Imam Ali (A.S) shi ne wanda ya yi sanadiyar kashe Ammar; domin shi ne ya jawo shi fagen yaƙi. Wannan uzuri na Mu'awiya a gurin wasu malamai na Ahlus-Sunna misalin Ibn Hajar Haitami, malamin fiƙihu a mazhabar shafi'iyya a ƙarni na goma hijira, sun ɗauke shi a matsayin ijtihadi da ya yi, da yanayin da hatta ma idan an ɗauka Mu'awiya ya yi kuskure, to ya cancanci a ba shi lada.[40] Cikin amsa, Imam Ali (A.S) ya ruguje wannan tunani tare da kawo misali yana mai cewa: Idan haka ne, to Annabi (S.A.W) zai kasance wanda ya kashe Hamza, saboda shi ne wanda ya aika Hamza fagen yaƙi.[41]
Ijtihadi A Gaban Nassi
Bisa wasu rahotanni na tarihi, Mu'awiya da mutanensa sune sane da irin matsayin da Ammar yake da shi kuma halartarsa cikin sahun sojojin Imam Ali (A.S) ya haifar da shakka cikin ba'arinsu.[42] Ba'arin malaman hadisi, daga jumlarsu Albani, sun yi la'akari da da maganar Mu'awiya matsayin Ijtihadi a gaban bayyanannen nassin hadisin Annabi, kuma sun jaddada rashin ingancin wannan magana.[43] Kai hatta Ibn Taimiyya wanda ya kasance daga ma'abota tunani na Ahlus-Sunna da ya shahara da suka kan Shi'a, ya tafi kan rashin ingancin wannan tawili da Mu'awiya ya yi kuma ya yi watsi da shi.[44]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, 1433Q, J.1, S.491. Qushayri Nishaburi, Sahih Muslim, 1334Q, J.8, S.18
- ↑ Albani, Hadith al-Fi’atul al-Baghiyah, 1435Q, S.10
- ↑ Albani, Hadith al-Fi’atul al-Baghiyah, 1435Q, S.11
- ↑ Sheikh Saduq, Uyoon Akhbar al-Ridha, Nashr Jahan, J.2, S.26
- ↑ Albani, Hadith al-Fi’atul al-Baghiyah, 1435Q, S.10
- ↑ Ibn Shadhan, Al-Iydah, 1363Sh, S.521. Ibn Atiyah, Abhiy al-Midad, 1423Q, J.1, S.702. Fadil Miqdad, Al-Lawami’ al-Ilahiyah, 1422Q, S.371. Allama Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416Q, J.1, S.593
- ↑ Baghdadi, Usul al-Iman, 2003M, S.229. Ghazali, Majmu’ah Rasa’il al-Imam al-Ghazali, 1416Q, S.454. Taftazani, Sharh al-Maqasid, 1412Q, J.5, S.289
- ↑ Ibn Muzahim, Waq’ah Siffin, 1404Q, S.340–346
- ↑ Sayyid Murtadha, Al-Dhakhira, 1411Q, S.405
- ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Al-Iqtisad, 1406Q, S.291
- ↑ Ibn Hamzah, Al-Thaqib fi al-Manaqib, 1412Q, S.105
- ↑ Fakhrur Razi, Al-Arba’in fi Usul al-Din, Maktabat al-Kulliyat al-Azhariyah, J.2, S.97
- ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, Dar Sadr, J.7, S.409. Safadi, Al-Wafi bil-Wafayat, 1381Q, J.22, S.378. Allama Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416Q, J.1, S.593
- ↑ Ibn Muzahim, Waq’ah Siffin, 1404Q, S.324, 326
- ↑ Imam Hasan Askari (AS), Al-Tafsir al-Mansub ila al-Imam al-Hasan al-Askari, 1409Q, S.85–86
- ↑ Tabari Kabir, Al-Mustarshid fi al-Imamah, 1415Q, S.658
- ↑ Khazzaz Razi, Kifayat al-Athar, 1401Q, S.120–124
- ↑ Ibn Hayyun, Sharh al-Akhbar, Mu’assasat al-Nashr al-Islami, J.1, S.407 & 412. Ibn Hayyun, Da’aim al-Islam, 1385Q, J.1, S.392–393
- ↑ Qutb al-Din Rawandi, Al-Khara’ij wa al-Jara’ih, 1409Q, J.1, S.68
- ↑ Bukhari, Sahihul al-Bukhari, 1433Q, J.1, S.491
- ↑ Qushayri Nishaburi, Sahih Muslim, 1334Q, J.8, S.186
- ↑ Ibn Hanbal, Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, 1421Q, J.29, S.316
- ↑ Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, 1395Q, J.5, S.669
- ↑ Al-Azdi, Al-Jami’, 1403Q, J.11, S.240
- ↑ Ibn Qutaybah, A’lam Rasul Allah, 1441Q, S.239
- ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1968M, J.3, S.252
- ↑ Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959M, S.168
- ↑ Albani, Hadith al-Fi’at al-Baghiyah, 1435Q, S.11–22
- ↑ Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, 1395Q, J.5, S.669
- ↑ Nasir al-Din Albani, “Hashiyah”, 1395Q, J.5, S.669
- ↑ Al-Arna’ut, “Hashiyah”, 1421Q, J.29, S.316
- ↑ Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Fatawa al-Kubra, 1408Q, J.3, S.456
- ↑ Albani, Hadith al-Fi’at al-Baghiyah, 1435Q, S.44–47
- ↑ Manawi, Faydh al-Qadir, 1391Q, J.6, S.365
- ↑ Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, 1433Q, J.1, S.491
- ↑ Albani, Hadith al-Fi’at al-Baghiyah, 1435Q, S.27
- ↑ Allamah Hilli, Tadhkirat al-Fuqaha, 1414Q, J.9, S.408. Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1421Q, J.11, S.239
- ↑ Ibn Hazm, Al-Muhalla, 1408Q, J.11, S.333. Al-Mawsu’ah al-Fiqhiyah, 1410Q, J.20, S.205
- ↑ Nasai, Khawas Amir al-Mu’minin, 1424Q, S.121
- ↑ Ibn Hajar Haytami, Al-Sawa’iq al-Muhriqah, Tehran, S.331–333
- ↑ Manawi, Faydh al-Qadir, 1391Q, J.6, S.365–366
- ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1408Q, J.2, S.628
- ↑ Albani, Hadith al-Fi’at al-Baghiyah, 1435Q, S.43
- ↑ Ibn Taymiyyah, Minhaj al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah, 1406Q, J.4, S.414
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