Jump to content

Daƙiƙa:Ayar Arrijalu Ƙawwamuna Alan Nisa'i

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia

:Wannan wata maƙala ce game da aya ta 34 suratul nisa'i. domin fahimtar ma'anar ƙawwamiyar maza a kan mata ku duba Shugabanci Maza Kan Mata.

Ayar Arrijalu Ƙawwamuna Alan Nisa'i
bayanan aya
sunan ayaAyar Arrijalu Ƙawwamuna Alan Nisa'i
akwai shi cikin suraNisa'i
lambar aya34
bayanan abin da yake ciki
wurin saukaMadina
game daBatutuwan jagoranci da shugabanci cikin iyali
sauraHukunce-hukuncen Nushuzi
ayoyi masu alaqaAya Ta 128 Suratul Nisa'i


Ayar arrijalu ƙawwamuna alan nisa'i (Larabci: الرجال قوامون على النساء) nisa'i aya ta 34, aya ce da take magana game da jagoraanci da shugabancin maza a kan mata (Ƙawwamar maza kan mata). Har ila yau, a cikin wannan aya an yi ishara game da haƙƙoƙi da alhakin ɗaukar nauyi da miji da mata suke da su tsakanin alaƙarsu junansu, kamar misalin ɗaukar nauyin lamintar kuɗaɗen buƙatun rayuwa na yau da kullum suna wuyan miji, sannan kiyaye dukiya da mutuncin miji yana daga ɓangaren mace. Cikin madogaran Ahlus-Sunna an yi bayanani daban-daban game da sha'anin saukar wannan aya, sai dai cewa sun samu suka daga ɓangaren malaman tafsiri na Shi'a.

A cewar malaman tafsiri na Shi'a, wannan aya ta ƙunshi muhimman batutuwa guda uku na asali: na farko bayanin irin rawar da miji ke takawa cikin jagoranci da shugabancin iyali tare da jaddada ƙawwamiya da ma'anar gudanarwa, ɗaukar nauyi da kuma kula da iyali, na biyu, ishara ce zuwa ga haƙƙoƙi tsakanin miji da mata da ya haɗa da ciyarwa da kare mutuncin iyali, na uku, bayanin matakai da ake ɗauka domin magance rashin ɗa'ar mace, mataki bayan mataki daga yi mata wa'azi, ƙaurace mata a shimfiɗa, mataki na ƙarshe ladabtarwa mai sauƙi ta hanyar ƙanƙanin duka tare da kiyaye adalci da ƙauracewa kausasawa mai taɓa lafiya.

Cikin malaman tafsiri na Shi'a, Muhammad Sadiƙi Tehrani da Sayyid Hassan Musɗafawi, sun tafi kan cewa wannan aya ba ta magana kan shugabanci da jagorancin maza kan mata, kaɗai dai tana bayani cewa wajibi maza su kasance masu hidima da aiwatar da al'amuran mata. Akwai littafi mai suna Risala Badi'a na Sayyid Muhammad Husain Husaini Tehrani, littafi ne da ya ƙunshi bayani na falsafa da fiƙihu a kan wannan aya.

Matani, Gabatarwa da Kuma Tarjama

الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا


Maza sune masu shugabanci kan mata saboda abin da Allah ya fifita wasu a kan wasu da kuma abin da suka kashe daga dukiyoyinsu. Mata nagari suna biyayya, suna kiyaye abin da ya ɓoye (sirri) bisa abin da Allah ya kiyaye. Kuma waɗanda kuke jin tsoron rashin biyayya daga gare su, ku yi musu nasiha, ku ƙaurace musu a wuraren kwanciya, sannan ku ladabtar da su. Idan suka muku ɗa'a, to kada ku nemi wata hanya a kansu. Lalle Allah Maɗaukaki ne, Mai girma.


(Quran: Nisa'i: Aya ta 34)


Ayar arrijalu ƙawwamuna alan nisa'i, aya ta 34 suratul nisa'i aya ce da take magana game da jagoranci da shugabancin maza kan mata[1] da shugabancin maza cikin iyali[2] An ce a cikin wannan aya Allah ya yi magana kan irin matsayi da nauyi da ayyuka maza cikin kula da iyali, haka kuma ya yi magana kan haƙƙoƙi namiji da mace a tsakanin juna da kuma hanyoyin kare iyali daga rushewa.[3]

Sha'anin Sauka

Tafsiran Ahlus-Sunna sun ambanci sababi biyu kan saukar wannan aya:

  • Sa'ad Bin Rabi'i daga manyan Ansar ya mari matarsa mai suna Habiba sakamakon rashin ɗa'a da ta nuna masa, sai Habiba tare da rakiyar mahaifinta ta je wurin Annabi (S.A.W) ta kai ƙara, sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya ce: mace tana da haƙƙin ƙisasi. Yayin da Habiba ta dawo gida sai wannan aya ta sauka, sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya ce ta dawo, haƙiƙa mu mun nufi wani abu daban amma kuma abin da Allah yake daban, abin da Allah yake so shi ne ya fi alheri.[4]
  • A cewar Fakhrur Razi, abin da ya kasance sababin saukar wannan aya, tambayoyi da maganganun mata game da fifita maza cikin gado, sai wannan aya ta sauka domin ba da amsa ga maganganunsu, da cewa biyan sadaki da ɗaukar nauyin ciyarwa shi ne dalilin fifita maza kan mata a cikin gado.[5]

Sayyid Muhammad Husaini Ɗabaɗaba'i, ya na da ra'ayin cewa riwayoyina farko da aka kawo game da sha'anin saukar wannan aya (Marin da mijin Habiba Sa'ad Bin Rabi'i ya yi mata) riwayoyi ne da suke da matsala; saboda idan mun ƙaddara ingancinsu, da farko dai Annabi (S.A.W) ba hukunci ya bayar ba, kaɗai dai amsa ya bayar kan tambaya, saboda kafin ba da hukunci dole ɓangarori biyu masu rigima da juna su hallara a gaban kotu; na biyu bayanin sha'anin saukar ayar zai kasance kuskurantar da Manzon Allah (S.A.W), saboda suna nuna cewa Annabi ya yi wani hukunci kan kuskure wanda hakan yana cin karo da kasancewar Annabi (S.A.W) ma'asumi; saboda haka ba za a iya karɓar misalin wannan sha'anin sauka ba.[6]

Abin da Yake Cikin Ayar

An ce ayar arrijalu ƙawwamuna alan nisa'i aya ce da ta tattaro wasu batutuwa daga jumla jagoranci da shugabancin maza kan mata a cikin iyali (Ƙawwamiyar maza kan mata) samar kuɗaɗen buƙatu na rayuwar yau da kullum, haƙƙoƙi da suke kan miji da mata a tsakanin juna da kuma bayanin hanyoyin kare iyali daga rushewa yayin da aka samu nushuz (Rashin ɗa'a) daga ɓangaren mata.[7]

Jagoranci Da Shugabanci A Cikin Iyali

Babban labari: Shugabancin Maza Kan Mata

Malaman tafsiri gaɓar «الرجال قوامون علی النساء» cikin aya ta 34 suratul nisa'i sun fassara aya zuwa manyan hanyoyi guda uku gaba ɗaya:

  • Da yawa-yawan masu tunani da malaman tafsiri na Shi'a, sakamakon sha'ani da matsayin namiji sha'ani ne na gudanarwa cikin iyali, sai suka ajiye ma'anar ƙawwamun ƙarƙashin abubuwa kamar jagoranci da shugabanci,[8] wilaya,[9] da iko.[10]
  • Muhammad Sadiƙi Tehrani, yana ɗauƙar ƙawwamiya a cikin ma'anar tsayuwa da al'amari, kulawa, ɗaukar nauyin kula da al'amuran mata da yi musu hidima.[11] Sayyid Hassan Musɗafawi shima yana da ra'ayin cewa ayar ƙawwamiya kaɗai tana nuni ne zuwa ga tsayuwa kan al'amuran mata, bawai iko a kansu ba.[12]
  • Wasu daga malaman tafsiri tare da haɗa ra'ayoyi biyu da suka gabata (Shugabanci da hidima) suna da ra'ayin cewa ƙawwamiya ba ta taƙaitu ba cikin ma'anar umarni da hani, bari dai ta haɗo da kula da matsayin mata da kuma kula da lamuransu.[13]

Haƙƙoƙi Tsakanin Juna

Bisa abin da malaman tafsiri na Shi'a, cikin wani sashe daban daga aya ta 34 suratul nisa'i wurin da Allah ta'ala yake cewa (وَبِمَا أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ) Allah ya yi bayanin haƙƙoƙi da suke tsakanin alaƙa ta mata da miji. Malaman tafsiri sun bayyana cewa abin nufi daga wannan gaɓar ayar shi ne ɗaukar alhakin miji cikin samar da kuɗaɗen kashewa na buƙatun yau da kullum cikin mutunci, daga ciki ciyar da mata da ƴaƴa da biyan sadakin mata da kuma kiyaye wanzuwar tsaron iyali.[14]

Kan asasin tafsirai da ake da su, kishiyar ɗaukar alhakin kula da iyali da yake wuyan miji, sai Allah ya nemi mace da ta miƙa wuya da tawali'u, ta kasance mai daidaito da biyayya da tsarin iyali, tare kuma da ɗa'a da biyayya ga mijinta da kare mutunci da dukiyarsa, bawai kaɗai a iya lokutan da take tare da shi ba, bari dai hatta a lokacin da baya nan wajibi ne ta kasance mai kare mutunci da matsayinsa, ta kuma ci gaba da sauke haƙƙin mijinta tare da nesantra duk wani nau'in cin amana da ha'inci.[15]

Hanyoyin Kare Iyali

A ƙarshen ayar, an yi bayanin yadda ake mu'amala tare da mata nashizai (Matan da basa sauke haƙƙin mazajensu). Bisa ra'ayin malaman tafsiri, maza da suke kasance tare da mata nashizai, wajibi ne su yi aiki da wasiyoyi da umarnin da aka yi musu a cikin wannan aya (Wa'azi, ƙauracewa shimfiɗa da sauƙaƙƙen duka) marhala-marhala mataki bayan mataki tare da kiyaye adalci.[16] Bisa rabe-raben da Makarim Shirazi ya yi bayani cikin Tafsir Namune, marhalolin mu'amala da mata masu rashin ɗa'a sun kasance kamar haka:

  • Nasiha da wa'azi: marhala ta farko cikin ɗaukar mataki kan mata masu rashin ɗa'a shi ne yi musu wa'azi da nasiha cikin tausasawa (فَعِظُوهُنَّ) tare da yi musu bayanin illolin rashin ɗa'a da ƙin biyan haƙƙin miji.
  • Nesantar shimfiɗa: Idan wa'azi bai yi tasiri ba, za a tsallaka marhala ta biyu ma'ana ƙaurace musu a shimfiɗa (وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِی الْمَضاجِعِ) a ra'ayin Sayyid Muhammad Husaini Ɗabaɗaba'i a cikin tasfirin Almizan, zahirin jumlar (وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِی الْمَضاجِعِ) ba ya nufin ƙauracewa musu a makwanci da raba shimfiɗar barci tare da su, bari dai abin nufi shi ne tare da kwanciya tare a shimfiɗa guda ɗaya, domin nuna mata cewa mijinta ya yi fushi da ita, sai ya ɗau matakai da suke nuna fushi kamar juya mata baya da ƙin taɓa jikinta da wasa da ita.[17]
  • Ladabtarwa ta jiki: A cewar Muhammad Husaini Ɗabaɗaba'i, idan rashin ɗa'a da biyayya da kauce wa ayyuka da nauyi ya wuce ƙima, kuma ta nuna rashin amincewa da taurin kai, haƙiƙa tsaro da katangar iyali za su kasance suna fuskantar barazana, marhala ta ƙarshe da za a ɗauka kanta shi ne sauƙaƙƙen duka (وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ), na'am wajibi ne dukan ya kasance mai matuƙar sauƙi, kamar dai yadda ya zo a riwayoyi[18] da litattafan fiƙihu[19] bai kamata dukan ya kai ga ji mata rauni da miki kai hatta kumbura mata fatar jiki.[20]

Hana Mata Halartar Majalisar Shura Bisa Dogara Da Wannan Aya

Sayyid Muhammad Husain Husaini Tehrani, tare da dogara da wannan aya da haɗawa da wasu riwayoyi, yana ganin bai halasta mata su halarci majalisar shura ko da kuwa sun kasance mujtahidai, ya yi imani da cewa majalisar shura a wannan zamani ba ta taƙaitu da ba da shawara ba kaɗai, bari dai ta ƙunshi gamammen shugabanci da jagorancin al'umma, bari dai tana da alhakin tsara manufofi a dukkanin fannoni na mulki, daga jumla al'amuran siyasa, zamantakewa, tattalin arziƙi, al'adu, tsaro (Kamar yaƙi da sulhu) da sanya idanu kan reshen zartarwa, kuma wannan matakin wilaya da jagoranci na gama-gari baya dacewa da tarayyar mata a cikin majalisar shura.[21]

Maƙaloli Masu Alaƙa

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Riza'iIsfahani, Tafsir al-Qur'an Mehr, 1387Sh, J. 4, S. 117.
  2. ↑ Makaram Shirazi, Tafsir Namunah, 1371Sh, J. 3, S. 369.
  3. ↑ Muṣṭafawi-Fard wa imandar, “Rawandar Andishwaran Shi'ah ba Ma'niy-i Qiwamat-i Mard dar ayah 34 Surah Nisa,” S. 82.
  4. ↑ Waḥidi, Asbab al-Nuzul al-Qur'an, 1411Q, S. 155; Bayḍawi, Anwar al-Tanzil, 1418Q, J. 2, S. 72.
  5. ↑ Fakhr Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir, 1420Q, J. 10, S. 70.
  6. ↑ Ṭabaṭaba'i, al-Mizan, 1390Q, J. 4, S. 349.
  7. ↑ Muṣṭafawi-Fard wa imandar, “Rawandar Andishwaran Shi'ah ba Ma'niy-i Qiwamat-i Mard dar ayah 34 Surah Nisa,” S. 82.
  8. ↑ Ṭabaṭaba'i, al-Mizan, 1390Q, J. 4, S. 343; QurshiBina'i, Aḥsan al-Ḥadith, 1375Sh, J. 2, S. 354; Madrasi, Man Hady al-Qur'an, 1419Q, J. 2, S. 73.
  9. ↑ Mughniyah, al-Kashif, 1424Q, J. 2, S. 315; Faḍil Miqdad, Kanz al-'Irfan, 1373Sh, J. 2, S. 211.
  10. ↑ Ṭabarasi, Majma' al-Bayan, 1372Sh, J. 3, S. 68.
  11. ↑ ṢadiqiTehrani, al-Furqan, 1365Sh, J. 7, S. 38.
  12. ↑ Muṣṭafawi, Tafsir Roshan, 1380Sh, J. 5, S. 360.
  13. ↑ Makaram Shirazi, Tafsir Namunah, 1371Sh, J. 3, S. 370; Balaghi, Hujjat al-Tafasir, 1386Sh, J. 2, S. 39; Faḍlallah, Man Waḥy al-Qur'an, 1419Q, J. 7, S. 229-230.
  14. ↑ Ṭabarasi, Majma' al-Bayan, 1372Sh, J. 3, S. 69; Makaram Shirazi, Tafsir Namunah, 1371Sh, J. 3, S. 370; ṢadiqiTehrani, al-Furqan, 1365Sh, J. 7, S. 38.
  15. ↑ Ṭabarasi, Majma' al-Bayan, 1372Sh, J. 3, S. 69; Makaram Shirazi, Tafsir Namunah, 1371Sh, J. 3, S. 37; Mughniyah, al-Kashif, 1424Q, J. 2, S. 316-317.
  16. ↑ Ṭabaṭaba'i, al-Mizan, 1390Q, J. 4, S. 345.
  17. ↑ Ṭabaṭaba'i, al-Mizan, 1390Q, J. 4, S. 345.
  18. ↑ Ḥurr 'amili, Wasa'il ash-Shi'ah, 1409Q, J. 21, S. 517.
  19. ↑ Ṣaduq, Man La Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqih, 1413Q, J. 3, S. 521; Ṭusi, al-Mabsuṭ, 1387Q, J. 4, S. 338.
  20. ↑ Makaram Shirazi, Tafsir Namunah, 1371Sh, J. 3, S. 373-374.
  21. ↑ ḤusayniTehrani, Risalah Badi'ah, S. 216-217.

Nassoshi

  • * ḤusayniTehrani, Sayyid Muhammad Ḥusayn«رساله بدیعه»، Shafin yanar gizo na Maktab Wahayi, tarihin ziyara 17 ga Watan Tir Shekara 1402 HS/2023M.
  • Balaghi, Abduh al-Hujjah, Hujjat al-Tafasir, Qum, Hikmat, 1386Sh.
  • Bayḍawi, Abdullah bin Umar, Anwar at-Tanzil wa Asrar at-Ta'wil, Bayrut, Dar Iḥya' al-Turath al-'Arabi, 1418Q.
  • Fakhr Razi, Muhammad bin 'Umar, Tafsir al-Kabir (Mafatiḥ al-Ghayb), Bayrut, Dar Iḥya' al-Turath al-'Arabi, 1420Q.
  • Fayẓ Kashani, Muhammad bin Shah Murtaḍa, al-AsfifiTafsir al-Qur'an, Qum, Markaz al-Nashr al-Tabi' li-Maktab al-I'lam al-Islami, 1418Q.
  • Faḍlallah, Muhammad Ḥusayn, Man Waḥy al-Qur'an, Bayrut, Dar al-Malak, 1419Q.
  • Faḍil Miqdad, Miqdad bin 'Abdullah, Kanz al-'Irfan fiFiqh al-Qur'an, Tehran, Murtaḍawi, 1373Sh.
  • Madrasi, Sayyid Muhammad Taqi, Man Hady al-Qur'an, Tehran, Dar Muḥabbial-Ḥusayn, 1419Q.
  • Makaram Shirazi, Naṣir, Tafsir Namunah, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah, 1371Sh.
  • Mughniyah, Muhammad Jawad, al-Kashif fiTafsir al-Qur'an, Qum, Dar al-Kitab al-Islami, 1424Q.
  • Muṣṭafawi, Ḥasan, Tafsir Roshan, Tehran, Markaz Nashr Kitab, 1380Sh.
  • Muṣṭafawi-Fard, Ḥamid wa Ḥamid imandar, “Rawandar Andishwaran Shi'ah ba Ma'niy-i Qiwamat-i Mard dar ayah 34 Surah Nisa,” dar Majallah-yi amuze-ha-yi Qur'ani, Shumar 26, 1396Sh.
  • QurshiBinabi, 'AliAkbar, Tafsir Aḥsan al-Ḥadith, Tehran, Ba'that, 1375.
  • Riza'iIsfahani, Muhammad 'Ali, Tafsir al-Qur'an Mehr, Qum, Pajuhish-ha-yi Tafsir wa 'Ulum al-Qur'an, 1387Sh.
  • WaḥidiNishaburi, 'Alibin Aḥmad, Asbab al-Nuzul al-Qur'an, Bayrut, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyah, 1411Q.
  • Ḥurr 'amili, Muhammad bin Hasan, Wasa'il ash-Shi'ah, Qum, Musasah al al-Bayt, 1409Q.
  • Ṣaduq, Muhammad bin Ali, Man La Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqih, Qum, Intisharat Islami, 1413Q.
  • Ṣadiqi Tehrani, Muhammad, al-Furqan fiTafsir al-Qur'an, Qum, Farhang Islami, 1406Q.
  • Ṭabarasi, Faḍl bin Ḥasan, Majma' al-Bayan fiTafsir al-Qur'an, Tehran, Naṣir Khosrow, 1372Sh.
  • Ṭabaṭaba'i, Muhammad Ḥusayn, al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Bayrut, Musasah al-'alamilil-Maṭbu'at, 1390Q.
  • Ṭusi, Muhammad bin Ḥasan, al-Mabsuṭ fial-Fiqh al-Imamiyah, Tehran, Maktabah al-Murtaḍawiyah, 1387Q.
Daga "https://ha.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Daƙiƙa:Ayar_Arrijalu_Ƙawwamuna_Alan_Nisa%27i&oldid=22441"