Daƙiƙa:Najasar Kare
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Najasar kare magana ce game da kasancewar kare najasa da dukkan sassan jikinsa. A fikihin Shi'a, kare ana kiransa najasa ainiya, wato abu mai najasa kai tsaye, kuma ba ya tsarkaka da ɗaya daga cikin muɗahhirat daga ruwa ko wankewa sai a wasu hanyoyi na musamman kamar sauyuwar ainihi (istihala).
Haka kuma: Saye da sayar da kare ba ya halatta, sai dai kare na farauta da kare na tsaro. Amfani da fatar kare don cin abinci ko shan ruwa ko duk abin da ke buƙatar tsarki ba ya halatta. Idan kare ya lashe kwano ko ya sha ruwa daga ciki, sai an goge kwanon da ƙasa kafin a wanke shi da ruwa. Hukuncin najasar kare ba ya haɗawa da kare na ruwa.
Sai dai Sayyid Murtada daga malaman Shi'a ya bayyana cewa gashin kare da alade ba su da najasa, domin ba su daga sassan da ke da rai, don haka ba su cikin hukuncin najasa.
Nazarin Ma'ana
Najasar kare na nufin cewa jikin kare da dukkan sassansa ana ɗaukarsu a mastayin najasa ne, har ma da sassan da ba su da rai kamar gashi, ƙafa, faratansa da duk wani danshi daga jikinsa.[1]
Sai dai Sayyid Murtada (ya rasu: 436H) daga malaman Shi'a ya yi imani cewa gashin kare da alade ba najasa ba ne, domin suna daga sassan da ba su da rai.[2] Amma Muhammad Hassan Najafi ya bayyana cewa wannan ra'ayi na Sayyid Murtada ya saɓa da ra'ayin sauran malaman Shi'a.[3]
A gefe guda kuma, Malik Bin Anas daga jagororin fikihun Ahlus-Sunna ya yi ra'ayin cewa kare ba najasa ba ne.[4]
Dalilin hukuncin najasar kare ya samo asali ne daga ruwayoyi da aka rawaito daga Imamai Ma'asumai, waɗanda suka zo a cikin littafin Wasa'ilush Shi'a, a ƙarƙashin babin: " Babu Najasatil Kalbi Wa Lau Saluƙiyan; Babin najasar kare, ko da na farauta ne"[5] " Babu Majasati Su'uril Kalbi Wal Khinzir; babin najasar abin da kare ko alade suka sha ko suka lasa".[6]
Gogewa Da Ƙasa
Idan kare ya lashe kwano ko ya sha ruwa ko wani ruwa daga ciki, domin tsarkake shi sai a fara goga ƙasa, sannan a wanke shi da ruwa kaɗan ko ruwa mai yawa (kur).[7] Kuma ba zai tsarkaka ba idan an wanke shi ba tare da shafa ƙasa ba da wata hanya daban.[8]
Hukuncin Saye Da Sayar Da Kare
A ra'ayin malaman fiƙihu, saye da sayar da kare haramun ne; domin abu mai najasa ba shi da darajar kasuwa, don haka ba a saye ko sayar da shi.[9]
Wannan hukunci yana shafar karen da ba shi da amfani (kare na waje ko mara aiki).[10]
Sai dai karen farauta da kare mai tsaro an ware su daga wannan hukunci, saboda amfanin da ake samu daga gare su.[11]
Kiwon Kare
Bisa fatawar Ayatullahi Makarim Shirazi, riƙo da kiwon karnukan da ke da amfani ya halatta, kamar kare mai yin gadi da tsaro, kare na farauta, kare mai gano mutane da suka ɓace, da kare mai gano abubuwan da aka ɓoye ko kayan da aka haramta. Duk da cewa suna da najasa, babu laifi a riƙe su saboda amfanin da suke da shi.
Amma riƙo da kiwon karnukan ado domin zama tare da su ko yin nishaɗi da su yana da matsala a fiƙihu.[12] Haka kuma, a cewarsa, irin wannan riƙo bai dace da mutuncin Musulmi ba.[13]
Wasu daga cikin maraji'an taƙlidi kuma sun ɗauki ajiye kare a cikin gida a matsayin abin ƙyama (makruhi).[14]
Sauran Hukunce-hukunce
- Duk abin da ya taɓa jikin kare, idan wani danshi daga jikin karen ya koma zuwa gare shi, to yana zama najasa.[15]
- Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihun Shi'a, hukuncin najasar kare ya shafi karnukan da ke rayuwa a ƙasa ne kawai, ba ya shafar kare na ruwa.[16]
- Cin abinci ko shan ruwa daga kwanon da aka yi da fatar kare haramun ne.[17] Haka kuma, a cewar malamai, bai kamata a yi amfani da irin wannan kwano ba wajen ayyukan da ke buƙatar tsarki, kamar alwala da wanka na ibada.[18] Malamai da dama suna ganin cewa bai kamata a yi amfani da fatar kare ko ta alade ba, ko da kuwa a ayyukan da ba su da alaƙa da ci da sha.[19]
- Kare najasa ce ta ainihi; saboda haka yana tsarkaka ne kawai idan ya sami canjin ainihi (istihala), kuma ba ya tsarkaka da sauran hanyoyin tsarkakewa.[20]
- Bisa fatawar malaman fikihu, wanke kare ko yi masa allurar rigakafi ba ya sa ya tsarkaka; domin babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa najasar kare tana da alaƙa da yawo a banza ko datti da ƙazantarsa.[21]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 35; Shubairi Zanjani, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 28.
- ↑ Sayyid Murtada, Al-Masa'il An-Nasiriyyat, shafi na 100.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 331.
- ↑ Ibn Al-Jallab, At-Tafri'u fi Fiƙhil Imam Malik Bin Anas, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 52; Mugniyya, Al-Fiƙhu Ala Al-Mazahib Al-Khamsa, shafi na 25.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 414–417.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 225–227.
- ↑ Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il (maraji), juzu'i na 1, shafi na 101.
- ↑ Shaik Ansari, Siraɗun Najat, shafi na 52; Bahjat, Istifta'at, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 104; Imam Khomaini, Taudihul Masa'il, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 101.
- ↑ Shaik Ansari, Al-Makasib, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 54–57; Mishkini Ardabili, Mustalahatul Fiƙh, shafi na 447.
- ↑ Mishkini Ardabili, Mustalahatul Fiƙh, shafi na 447; Bihbahani, Risala Amaliyya Matajir Wahid Bihbahani, shafuffuka na 17–18; Naraƙi, Anis At-Tujjar, shafuffuka na 36–37.
- ↑ Mishkini Ardabili, Mustalahatul Fiƙh, shafi na 447.
- ↑ «احکام نگهداری حیوانات»، Shafin yaɗa bayanai na Ofishin Ayatullah Makarim Shirazi..
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Istifta'at Jadid, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 26.
- ↑ Bahjat, Istifta'at, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 574.
- ↑ Mishkini Ardabili, Mustalahatul Fiƙh, shafi na 446.
- ↑ Misali, a duba: Naraƙi, Anis At-Tujjar, shafuffuka na 36–37; Makarim Shirazi, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 35; Shubairi Zanjani, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 28; Wahid Khurasani, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 24; Subhani Tabrizi, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 127.
- ↑ Imam Khomaini, Taudihul Masa'il, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 135.
- ↑ Imam Khomaini, Taudihul Masa'il, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 135.
- ↑ Imam Khomaini, Taudihul Masa'il, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 135.
- ↑ Mishkini Ardabili, Mustalahatul Fiƙh, shafi na 446.
- ↑ Musawi Golfaigani, Majma'ul Masa'il, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 39.
Nassoshi
- Bihbahani, Muhammad Baƙir Bin Muhammad Akmal, Risala Amaliyya Matajir Wahid Bihbahani Ma'a taliƙate Mirza Shirazi, Tehran, Hajj Shaik Rida Tajar Tehrani, 1310H.
- Bahjat, Muhammad Taqi, Istifta'at,' Qom, Ofishin Ayatullah Bahjat, 1428H.
- Bani Hashimi Khomaini, Muhammad Hassan, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il (Maraji), Ofishin Mawallafar Islami, ba tare da shekara ba.
- Hurru Amili, Muhammad bin Hasan, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, Qom, Cibiyar Alu al-Bait (A.S), 1409H.
- Ibn Al-Jallab, Ubaidullah Bin Husaini, At-Tafri'u fi Fiƙhil Imam Malik Bin Anas, bincike: Sayyid Kasrawi Hasan, Beirut, Darul Kutubil Ilmiyya, 2007M.
- Imam Khomaini, Sayyid Ruhullah, Taudihul Masa'il (Muhashi), Qom, Ofishin Mawallafar Islami da yake ƙarƙashi Jami'e Mudarrsisin Hauze Ilmiyye Qom, 1424H.
- Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Istifta'at Jadid, Qom, Mawallafar Imam Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (A.S), 1427H.
- Makarim Shirazi, Nasser, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, Qom, Mawallafar Imam Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (A.S), 1429H.
- Mishkini Ardabili, Ali, Mustalahat al-Fiqh wa Mu‘zam Anawinuhu al-Mawdu‘iyya, Qom, Nashr al-Hadi, 1419H.
- Mugniyya, Muhammad Jawad, Al-Fiƙhu Ala Al-Mazahib Al-Khamsa, Darul Ghadir, Qom, 1430H.
- Musawi Golfaigani, Sayyid Muhammad Rida, Majma'ul Masa'il, Qom, Darul Qur'anil Kareem, 1409H.
- Najafi, Muhammad Hassan, Jawahirul Kalam fi Sharh Shara'i al-Islam, bincike na Abbas Quchani da Ali Akhundi, Beirut, Dare Ihya' Turasil Arabi, 1404H.
- Naraƙi, Mulla Muhammad Mahadi Bin Abi Zar, Anis At-Tujjar (Muhashsha), Qom, Ofishin Tabligate Islami Hauze Ilmiyye Qom, 1425H.
- Sayyid Murtada, Al-Masa'il An-Nasiriyyat, Tehran, Rabiɗa Assaƙafa Wal Ilaƙatul Islamiyya,1417H.
- Shaik Ansari, Murtada Bin Muhammad Amin, Siraɗun Najat (Muhashsha), Qom, Kongire Jahani Buzurgdashte Shaik Ansari, 1415H.
- Shaik Ansari, Murtada Bin Muhammad Amin, Al-Makasib, bincike na Muhammad Kalanter, Qom, Darul Kutub, 1410H.
- Shubairi Zanjani, Sayyid Musa, Risalaye Taudihul Masa'il, Qom, Mawallafar Salsabil, 1430H.
- Subhani Tabrizi, Jafar, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, Qom, Cibiyar Imam Sadiƙ (A.S.), 1429H.
- Wahid Khurasani, Husaini, Risaleye Taudihul Masa'il, Qom, Madrase Imam Baƙir (A.S), 1428H.
- «احکام نگهداری حیوانات»، (Hukunce-hukuncen kula da dabbobi.), Shafin yaɗa bayanai na Ofishin Ayatullah Makarim Shirazi, an duba shi a ranar 31 ga Janairu 2021M.