Liyafa

Daga wikishia

Liyafa (Larabci: الضيافة) ɗaya ne daga cikin ladubban addinin muslunci. Musulmai cikin munasabobi daban-daban misalin idul ghadir, idul fiɗri, aure, samun haihuwa, mallakar gida, musulmai suna shirya liyafa. Annabi (S.A.W) ya ce shi baƙo wata kyauta ce daga Allah. shi baƙo idan zai zo yana zuwa ne tare da arziƙinsa da abincinsa, kuma tafiyarsa tana zama sababin samun gafarta zunubai.

Shirya liyafa domin karrama baƙi, sakin fuska tare da murmushi, kyawunta mu'amala tare da baƙo da kuma ƙauracewa cuɗanya muharramai da waɗanda ba muharramai ba lokaci shirya taron liyafa suna cikin jumlar ladubban liyafa. Ya kamata baƙon da aka aikawa goran gayyata ya amsa gayyatar mai gayyatarsa, sannan wanda ba a gayyace shi ba ka da ya je wurin, sannan shi kansa baƙo ka da ya wuce kwanaki uku a gidan da ya sauka. Malaman fiƙihu shi'a sun wajabta fitar da zakkar fidda kai kan wanda ya sauki baƙo da ya zo wurin kafin faɗuwar rana kuma aka lissafa wannan baƙon cikin waɗanda yake ciyarwa, daga sauran hukunce-hukunce da suka da alaƙa da liyafa da karrama baƙi, shi ne haramta zama kan liyafar da cikinta aka ajiye giya da kayan maye.

Muhimmanci, Falala Da Matsayi

Malaman muslunci suna ɗaukar liyafa da karrama baƙo matsayin koyi da sunnar Annabi (S.A.W)[1] tare da jingina da riwayoyi suna ɗaukar barin liyafa matsayin aiki na makruhi.[2]Annabin muslunci (S.A.W) ya bayyana baƙo matsayin wata kyauta daga Allah wanda yana zuwa tare da arziƙi da abincinsa, kuma tafiyarsa tana zama sababin gafarta zunubai.[3] Allama Majlisi cikin bayanin alaƙar Ali Ɗan Abi Ɗalib (A.S) da liyafa da karrama baƙi ya naƙalto cewa idan aka yi kwanaki wani baƙo bai zo gidansa ba yana shiga cikin halin damuwa.[4]

Imam Ali (A.S):
Duk mutumin da ya girmama wani baƙo tabbas ya girmama Annabawa guda saba'in, kuma duk wanda ya kashe dirhami guda daya cikin hidima ga baƙo daidai yake da wanda ya ciyar da dubunnan dinare cikin tafarkin Allah.[5]

Musulmai cikin mabambantan munasabobi misalin idul ghadir,[6] idul fiɗri,[7] bikin aure, murnar samun haihuwa da kuma azurtuwa da mallakar gida suna shirya liyafa tare da gayyatar baƙi.[8] mutanen ƙasar Iran a ranar idin noruz na shiga sabuwar shekara[9] mutanen ƙasar Iraƙi lokutan taron tattakin arba'in suna himmatuwa da sunnar karrama baƙi.[10]

Ladubba

Cikin riwayoyin muslunci, litattafan akhlaƙ da ba'arin litattafan tafsiri ƙari kan neman kusancin Allah[11] da taka tsantsan daga riya da nuna kai[12] an yi bayanin ladubba shirya liyafa, ba'ari daga waɗannan ladubba suna da alaƙa da mai masaukin baƙi wasu ba'ari kuma suna da alaƙa da su kansu baƙin da za su zo:

Ladubban Mai Masaukin Baƙi

Imam Sadik (A.S):
Duk wanda ya ciyar da wani mumini har ya koshi, babu wanda ya san ladan da zai samu a ranar lahira, mala'ika makusanci bai da labari kan ladansa haka Annabi Manzo babu wanda ya sani sai Ubangiji shi kadai.[13]

  • Bai dace mutane masu tsoran Allah su gayyato mutanen banza ba;[14]
  • Ya kamata a gayyato ƴan'uwa da dangi domin ƙarfafa alaƙoƙin zumunta da sadar da zumunci;[15]
  • Taka tsantsan daga ɗorawa kai wahala da nauyi;[16]
  • Sakin fuska murmushi tare da baƙi;[17]
  • Kauce cakuɗa muharramai da waɗanda ba muharramai ba;[18]
  • Ka da a tambayi baƙin da aka gayyata kun ci abinci ko baku ci ba;[19]
  • A tanadi wadataccen abinci (Ka da ya zamana ya yi kaɗan);[20]
  • Mai gayyata ya kasance shi ne wanda zai fara cin abinci kuma shi ne na ƙarshen wanda zai gama cin abinci;[21]
  • Ka da a sanya waɗanda aka gayyata aiki;[22]
  • Tunatar da lokacin sallah;[23] nuna musu alƙibla da za su yi sallah da ayyana musu wurin da za su yi alwala;[24]
  • bankwana da baƙi da raka su har bakin ƙofa.[25]

Ladubban Zuwa Liyafa

  • Amsa gayyata mai mai gayyata;[26]
  • Ka da amsa goran gayyata kawai saboda son cin abinci da cika ciki;[27]
  • A Kiyaye a shiga tare da izinin mai gayyata,[28] sannan a fara da yin sallama,[29]
  • A zauna a wurin mai shirya liyafa ya tanada domin zama;[30]
  • Ka da a zauna fuskar mahallin da mata suke zaune;[31]
  • Bai kamata aje liyafar da ake saɓawa Allah ba;[32]
  • A Taƙaita zama ka da a wuce kwanaki uku gidan mai masaukin baƙi;[33]
  • Mu Karɓi duk abinci da aka tanada mu ci;[34]
  • Ka da ace za a yi azumin nafila ba tare da yarda mai masauki ba ko kuma idan ya hana yi.[35]
  • Ka da ace za a yi tambaya game da kasancewar abincin na halal ne ko haram;[36]
  • Ka da mu ce za ɗauki abincin da ya rage mu tafi da shi gida, sai da yarda mai masauki;[37]
  • Mu ɗaukar ma kanmu cewa ba za mu wahalar da wanda ya gayyace mu liyafa ba ko ɗora nauyin da ba zai iya ba;[38]
  • Wanda ba aika masa da goran gayyata ba ka da ya kai kansa wurin;[39]
  • Ya kamata mu nemi izinin mai gayyata yayin da muke son tafiya gida;[40]
  • Mu fita fuskarmu sake muna murmushi ko da kuwa taƙaita cikin sauke haƙƙinmu.[41]

Hukunce-hukuncen Fiƙihu

Malaman fiƙihu na shi'a sun yi bayani hukunce-hukuncen shari'a game da shirya liyafa daga jumlarsu akwai abubuwa da za a ambata a ƙasa:

  • Bisa Fatawar wasu cikin maraji'an taƙlidi, idan baƙo ya san cewa liyafar da wanda ya gayyace shi ya shirya ta ne daga kuɗin khumusin da bai fitar ya bayar ba, haramun ya yi amfani da abin da aka kawo a wannan liyafa.[42]
  • Zakkar fidda kai baƙon da ya zo wurinka kafin faɗuwar ranar daren idin ƙaramar sallah, kuma ya zama ana lissafa shi cikin wanda kake ciyarwa wajibi ne ka fitar masa da zakkar fidda kai.[43]
  • Bisa fatawar wasu daga cikin maraji'an taƙlidi na shi'a, idan wani mahalli ko wata shimfiɗa akwai nasaja jikinta kuma ta taɓa tufafin baƙo, wajibi ne mai gidan ya sanar da baƙon da ya sauka a gidansa.[44]
  • A cewar Sayyid Kazim Yazdi, idan najasa ta shiga abinci da mai masauki ya shiryawa baƙo wajibi ya sanar da baƙon.[45]
  • Haramun ne halartar liyafar da aka tanadin giya da ruwan sha'ir cikinta.[46]

Nazari

An yi rubuce-rubuce game da liyafa da karrama baƙo da ladubbanta, daga jumlarsu akwai littafin Farhange Nameh Mihmani, talifin Muhammad Muhammadi Rai Shahar, cibiyar Mu'assase ilimi Farhangi Darul Al-hadis ta buga wannan littafi.[47]

Bayanin Kula

  1. ↑ Naraqi, Mi’raj al-Saada, 1386H, shafi na 345.
  2. ↑ Hurr Ameli, Wasa’il al-Shi’a, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 24, shafi na 316.
  3. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, 1403 BC, juzu'i na 72, shafi 461.
  4. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, 1403 BC, juzu'i na 41, shafi na 28.
  5. ↑ Deilmi, Irshad al-Qulob, 1371, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 138.
  6. ↑ Baghizadeh, “Bazardasht Eidghadir der Perto Adab An,” shafi na 35.
  7. ↑ Hashemi, “Mururi bar Adab Eid al-Fitr Miyan Musulmanan”, shafi na 137.
  8. ↑ Muassasatu Da'irati Al-marif Al- Fiqh Al-Islami, Al-mujam Al-fiqihi li kutub Sheikh al-Tusi, 1424, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 559.
  9. ↑ Paknia Tabrizi, “Nahahi No Beh Gayah Eid Nowruz,” shafi na 13.
  10. ↑ Sharahi, "Wakawi Idrak Za'iran az raftare khadimane arba'in," shafi 115.
  11. ↑ Naraqi, Mi’raj al-Saada, 1386H, shafi na 345.
  12. ↑ Naraqi, Mi’raj al-Saada, 1386H, shafi na 345.
  13. ↑ Daylami, Irshad al-Qulub, 1371H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 147.
  14. ↑ Fayd Kashani, Mahajjat al-Bayda, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 33.
  15. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mohajjat al-Bayda, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 33-34.
  16. ↑ Hamiri, Qurb al-Asnad, 1413 AH, shafi na 75.
  17. ↑ Qomi, Safinat al-Bihar, 1414 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 270.
  18. ↑ Seyed Mortaza, Amali Al-Mortaza, 1998, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 208.
  19. ↑ Qaraati, Tafsir Noor, 2008, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 253.
  20. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mohajjat al-Baida, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 42.
  21. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1363 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 285.
  22. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1363 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 283.
  23. ↑ Waram, Majmu'eh Waram, 1410 AH, juzu'i.1, shafi
  24. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mohajjat al-Bayda, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 38.
  25. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 72, shafi na 451.
  26. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mohajjat al-Bayda, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 34.
  27. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mohajjat al-Baida, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 37.
  28. ↑ Mohammadi Rayshahri, Mehmani Dictionary, 2013, shafi na 113.
  29. ↑ Qaraati, Tafsir Noor, 2008, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 253.
  30. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 72, shafi na 451.
  31. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mohajjat al-Bayda, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 38.
  32. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mohajjat al-Bayda, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 36.
  33. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1363 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 283.
  34. ↑ Karatuna, Tafsir Nour, 1388 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 253.
  35. ↑ Muhaqqiq Hilli, Shara'i’ al-Islam, 1408 BC, juzu’i na 1, shafi 189; Khumaini, Tahrir Al-Wasila, Mawallafin: Cibiyar Tsara da Buga Ayyukan Imam Khumaini (Allah Ya jiqansa da shi), juzu'i na 1, shafi na 286.
  36. ↑ Muhammad Ray Shahri, Farhangnameh Mahmani, 1390 AH, shafi 153.
  37. ↑ Fayd Kashani, Mohajjat al-Bayda, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 44.
  38. ↑ Muhammad Ray Shahri, Farhangnameh Mahmani, 1390 AH, shafi 111.
  39. ↑ Muhammad Ray Shahri, Farhangnameh Mahmani, 1390 AH, shafi 147.
  40. ↑ Fayd Kashani, Mohajjat al-Bayda, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 45.
  41. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mohajjat al-Baida, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 44.
  42. ↑ «پرتال امام خمینی»
  43. ↑ Tabatabai Yazdi, Urwat al-Wuthqa, 1423 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 207-208.
  44. ↑ Tabatabai Yazdi, Urwat al-Wuthqa, 1423 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 194.
  45. ↑ Tabatabai Yazdi, Urwat al-Wuthqa, 1423 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 194-195.
  46. ↑ محقق حلی، شرائع الاسلام، ۱۴۰۸ق، ج۳، ص۱۸۳؛ «وبگاه پاسخگویی به سوالات دینی هدانا».
  47. ↑ Muhammad Ray Shahri, Farhangnameh Mahmani, 1390 AH, shafi na 7.

Nassoshi

Seyed Mortaza, Ali bin Hossein, Amali al-Mortaza, Alkahira, Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, bugu na farko, 1998.

  • Faiz Kashani, Muhammad bin Shah Mortaza, Al-Mohajja Al-Bayda, Qom, Islamic Publishing House (Jemmeh Modaresin), 1417 AH.
  • Qaraeti, Mohsen, Tafsir Noor, Tehran, Cibiyar Al'adu ta Darussan Kur'ani, bugun farko, 2008.
  • Qomi, Abbas, Safina Al-Bihar wa Madina Al-Hikam wa Al-Asar, Qum, Aswa, bugun farko, 1414H.
  • Kulaini, Muhammad bin Yaqub, Al-kafi, Tehran, Darul Katb al-Islamiya, 1363.
  • Mu'assasatu Da'irati Al-marif Al-islami, Al-Mujajm al-Fiqhi, wanda Sheikh Al-Tousi, Qum, Institute of Islamic Encyclopedia, 1424 Hijira ya rubuta.
  • Majlesi, Muhammad Baqir bin Muhammad Taqi, Bihar al-Anwar al-Jami'a li Akhbar al-a'imma al-Athar (AS), Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, bugu na biyu, 1403H.
  • Mohaghegh Hilli, Shar’e al-Islam fi al-halal wa haram, Kum, Ismaili, 1408H.
  • Mohammadi Rayshahri, Mohammad, Farhangenameh Mehmani, Qom, Dar al-Hadith Scientific and Cultural Institute, 1390.
  • Naraghi, Mulla Ahmad, Meraj al-Saada, Qom, Qaim Al Mohammad Publications, bugu na biyar, 2006.
  • Warram bn Abifras, Mas'ud bn Isa, Majmu'eh Warram, Qom, Maktaba Faqih, bugu na farko, 1410H.
  • هاشمی، سید علیرضا، «مروری بر آداب عید فطر در میان مسلمانان»، مندرج در مجله فرهنگ مردم ایران، شماره ۵۳ و ۵۴، ۱۳۹۷ش.

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