Fuskantar Alƙibla

Daga wikishia
Wannan rubutu ne mai siffantawa game da ra'ayi na fikihu kuma ba zai iya zama ma'auni na ayyukan addini ba. Koma zuwa wasu tushe don ayyukan addini.
Risala Ilmiyya

Fuskantar Alƙibla (Larabci:استقبال القبلة) yana nufin karkata zuwa ga fuskar Ka'aba ya yin gudanar da wasu ba'arin ayyukan taklifi ibadu da yin wasu ayyuka a cikin tsarin shari'ar Musulunci, kamar yadda ibadodi masu yawa suke, kamar sallah da aikin hajji, ko ayyukan da ba na ibada ba, kamar ladubban binne gawa a ƙabari, da yankan shari'a da shari’a, dole ne ya kasance an kali alkibla, don haka yana daga cikin sharuɗɗan ingancin wasu ibadu, kamar sallah, su zama ankali Alkibla, haka nan dabba a karkatar da ita zuwa alkibla, don halalcin yanka. in ba haka ba namanta haramun ne.

Akwai ayyukan da aka hana kallan alkibla a cikinsu ko ya yin da ake aiwatar da su, kamar zagayawa bayan gida, hakanan mustahabbi ne kallon alƙibla yayin karatun Alƙur'ani, da lokacin alwala, da yayin cin abin ci, kuma makaruhine a kali alƙibla yayin aiwatar da wasu al'amura, kamar saduwa da iyali.

Muhimmancin Alƙibla

Malaman shari'a sun yi bayani kan mas'alar fuskantar alƙibla a cikin batutuwa da dama na shari'a, kamar sallah, Hajji, farauta, yanka, ya yin shiga banɗaki, da hukunce-hukuncen matattu,sabo da akwai hukunce hukunce guda huɗu a shari'a waɗanda suka ta’allaƙa da mamata, sune wajabci da haramci da mustahabbi da makaruhi.[1] Ya zo a cikin tarihin Annabi cewa Manzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi da alayensa ya kasance yana zaune yana fuskantar alkibla kodayaushe,[2] An karbo daga gare shi: “Zama ana fuskantar alkibla, yana da ladan mahajjata da masu umara.[3] Abin da ake nufi da kallon ko fuskantar al-ƙibla Malaman fiƙihu na Shi’a sun yi imanin cewa abin da ake nufi da fuskantar alƙibla ga wanda yake cikin masallacin harami, shi ne ya fuskanci ɗakin Ka’aba.[4] Amma wanda ya ke wajen masallacin harami, bayaganin Ka’aba, to fuskaci alkiblar kamar yadda yake a al’ada.[5] zuwa ga Ka'aba,[6] kuma badole ba ne sai ya yi diƙƙa ba,babu buƙatar kallon alkibla ɗari bisa ɗari, domin ba zai yiwu ba ko kuma abune mai wahala.[7] Hanyoyin da ake sanin alƙibla A wajen malaman fikihun Shi'a, sanin alkiblar yana samuwa ne ta hanyar yaƙini ko kuma ta hanyar zato mai fa'ida wanda yake haifar da kwanciyar hankali, idan kuma hakan bai yiwu ba, to ya wajaba a yi sallah a ɓangarori guda huɗu wato kudu da arewa da gabas da yamma, idan har akwai isashan lokaci,idan babu isashan loƙaci,to abin da zai yiwu ya wadatar.[8] Hikimar fuskantar Alƙibla Fuskantar alkibla, baya ga biyayya ga umarnin Allah ne, yana haifar da haɗin kai a tsakanin musulmi.[9] Allamah ɗabaɗaba’i ya ce, fuskantar musulmi zuwa ga wani abu guda - wato Ka'aba - duk da sabanin da ke tsakaninsu yana nuni da haɗin kansu a tinani da kuma alaka tsakanin juna. al'ummominsu, kuma wannan haɗin kai ana daukarsa a matsayin mafi alherin abu da ake iya yaɗawa a cikin dukkan al'amuran musulmi.[10] A bisa wata ruwaya cewa falsafar fuskantar da mai mutuwa zuwa alƙibla ita ce mala’iku su juyo gare shi, Allah kuma ya juyar da fuskarsa zuwa gare shi har sai an dauki ranshi.[11] Wajabcin kallon Alƙibla Wajibi ne a fuskanci alƙibla a wasu ayyuka na shari'a, kamar sallah, da hukunci-hukuncin mamaci, da yankan dabba. Alƙibla a sallah Dangane da sallolin farilla: Malaman fiƙihu na Shi’a sun sharɗanta fuskantar alƙibla a kan ingancin sallolin farilla (kamar sallolin farilla, da sallar aya, da sallar mamaci), haka nan kuma a cikin sallar Ihtiyaɗi da rama abin da aka manta na sallar.[12]

Dalili akan haka shi ne ayoyin Alƙur’ani.[13] da ruwayoyi.[14] da ijma’i.[15] Idan mai sallah ya kasa fuskantar alƙibla, sabo da wasu dalilai kamar rashin lafiya; Dole ne a yi la'akari da fuskantar alƙibla gwargwadon iyawa.[16] Dangane da sallolin mustahabbi: Idan mai sallah ya yi sallah alhalin yana guri ɗaya, wajibi ne ya fuskanci alƙibla,[17] wasu malaman fikihu sun tafi a kan cewa ba wajibi ne a fuskanci alƙibla a sallolin mustahabbi ba, idan ya yi sallah yana motsi[18] (tafiya ko kan daba). hakanan bisa aya ta 115 a cikin suratul Baƙara, da kuma ruwayoyi masu yawa.[19] Dangane da sallah ga mamaci: Mafi yawan malaman fikihu sun yi fatawa cewa fuskantar da mamaci wajibi ne.[20] Sai dai wasu daga cikinsu sun yanke hukuncin cewa fuskantar ba wajibi ba ce, saboda darikuni na tsayuwa ya wadatar tazamo ta inganta.[21] Yadda ake fuskantar alƙibla a sallah: A fatawar malaman fikihu, idan mutum ya yi sallah a tsaye, fuskarshi da jikinshi su kasance suna kallon alƙibla,[22] Idan ya yi salla a zaune, sai saman gwiwoyinsa ya kasance yana kallon alƙibla. tare da fuskarsa da ƙirjinsa, idan kuma ya yi sallah a kwance, to ya kasance a gefen damanshi ko na hagu, domin ya karkatar da jikinshi zuwa alƙibla, idan ba haka ba, sai ya kwanta a bayansa ta yadda ƙafafunshi sukasance suna fuskata zuwa ga alkibla.[23]

Fuskantar Alƙibla ya yin Yanka

Malaman na Shi’a sun tafi akan cewa wajibi ne mutum ya fuskanci alƙibla ya yin yankan dabba,[24] kuma hujjar hakan ita ce ruwaya, da ijma’i.[25] Amma idan ba a yanka ta ba ana fuskantar alƙibla ba, sabo da mantuwa ko jahilcin hukunci, ko rashin sanin alƙibla, to yanka ya inganta.[26] Fuskantar Alƙibla a loƙacin da mutum zai mutu da ya yin wanka mamaci da ya yin binne shi. Yawancin malaman fikihu na Shi’a sun yi imanin cewa, fuskantar da mutuman da zai mutu zuwa alƙibla wajibi ne kifa’i wato wanda ya haukan kowa.[27] wasu kuma suna ganin mustahabbi ne.[28] Yadda za a fuskantar da wanda zai mutu zuwa alƙibla: Ya zo a cikin madogaran shari’a cewa, wanda yake gab da ya rasu ya fuskanci alƙibla da tafin ƙafafunshi, ta yadda idan ya zauna, zai fuskanci alƙibla.[29] Fuskantar alkibla wajen wanka mamaci da binne mamaci: Dangane da fuskantar da mamaci zuwa alƙibla idan ana yimishi wanka,akwai ra'ayoyi guda biyu: Mafi yawan malaman fikihu sun tafi a kan cewa mustahabbi ne.[30] wasu kuma suka yi fatawa da cewa wajibi ne[31] Dangane da fusakantar da mamaci zuwa ga alƙibla a loƙacin binne shi a kabari, malaman fikihu sun ba da fatawa cewa hakan wajibi ne, don haka mamaci ana kwantar da shi a damanshi, ta yadda jikinshi ya fuskanci alkibla.[32]

Haramcin Kallon Alƙibla da Karhancin shi

Kamar yadda fatawowin malaman Shi’a suka yi nuni da cewa, haramun ne a fuskanci alƙibla da juya baya ga alƙibla ya yin yin bayan-gida.[33] kuma malaman taƙalidi, wato Maraji.i suna ganin bai halatta ba asa yaro ya kali gabas a loƙacin da yake bayan gida kazalika bai halattaba ya juyamata baya ba,amma da’ce yaro da kan shi ya zauna kuma ya fuskanci alƙibla to ba wajibi bane a hanashi.[34] Ba a son fuskantar alƙibla a cikin duk wani aiki da bai dace da alƙibla ba,[35] kamar saduwa da iyali suna masu fuskantar alkibla.[36] Mustahabbancin kallon Alƙibla

A bisa mahangar fikihu ana son fuskantar alƙibla a kowane hali da ko wana aiki, sai dai abin da shari'a ta bayyana haramun ne ko kuma makaruhi.[37] litatafai na fiƙihu sun kawo wasu aiyuka waɗan da mustahabbi ne a kali alƙibla a ya yin da ake aiwatar da su. A wasu ayyukan Hajji, kamar aski,[38] da tsayuwar Arafa, da karanta addu’o’i na musamman.[39] Lokacin yin alwala da karatun alƙur'ani.[40] • Lokacin addu'a da anbatan Allah.[41] • Lokacin zama a masallaci.[42] • Lokacin karanta addu’o’i na bayan idar da sallah.[43] • Lokacin cin abin ci.[44] • ya yin sujadar godiya, da sujadar tilawa ta farilla ko mustahabbi ya yin karantawa ko sauraren ayoyin sujjada.[45] • Lokacin kwanciya a gefen dama da fuska da jiki suna fuskantar alkibla.[46]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Yazdi, Al-Urwa al-Wuthghati, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 310-313; Meshkini, Mustalahat Fiqhu, 1392.
  2. ↑ Kulaini, Usul Kafi, 1375, juzu'i na 2, shafi.661.
  3. ↑ Nouri, Mustardak al-Wasail, 1408H, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 406.
  4. ↑ Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 2007, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 77; Sarkhsi, Al-Mobsut, 1406 AH, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 190; Hakim, Mustamsk Al-Urwa, 1404H, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 176 zuwa 179.
  5. ↑ Naraghi, Mustanad Al-Shia, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi 152; Najafi, Jawahirul Al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi.329; Rouhani, Fiqhu Al-Sadiq, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 90; Hilli, Irshad Al-Azhan, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 244; Ardabili, Majalisar Al-Faideh, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 57; Hali, Al-Matbar, 1363, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 65.
  6. ↑ Tusi, Al-Khalaf, 1418 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 295; Naraghi, Mustanad Al-Shia, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi 151; Najafi, Jawahirul Al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi.328; Hakim, Mustamsk Al-Urwa, 1404H, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 176 zuwa 179.
  7. ↑ Naraghi, Mustanad Al-Shia, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi 152; Najafi, Jawahirul Al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi.329; Rouhani, Fiqhu al-Sadiq, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 90; Hilli, Irshad Al-Azhan, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 244; Ardabili, Majma Al-Faideh, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 57; Hali, Al-Mu'utabar, 1363, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 65.
  8. ↑ Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 2007, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 78; Samarkandi, Tohfa al-Fuqaha, 1414 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 119-120. Khomeini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1434, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 148; Jawahirul A- Kalam, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 386 da na 409; Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthghati, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 296 da 298; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il Al-Marajih, 1376, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 433, fitowa ta 782.
  9. ↑ Tabataba'i, Tafsirin Mizan, 1417H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 337; Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuneh, 1374, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 415.
  10. ↑ Tabataba'i, Tafsiril Mizan, 1417 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 337.
  11. ↑ Tabataba'i, Tafsirin Mizan, 1417 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 507.
  12. ↑ Hurru Ameli, Vasal al-Shia, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 453.
  13. ↑ Tusi, Al-Nihaye, 1400 AH, shafi na 62-63; Hilli,Mukhtalaf Al-Shia, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 61-60. Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthghati, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi.295; Khomeini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1434, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 148; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Sharhin Al-Masa'il al-Mara'ah, 1376, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 675, fitowa ta 1251.
  14. ↑ Tusi, Al-Nihaye, 1400 AH, shafi na 62-63; Hilli,Mukhtalaf Al-Shia, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 61-60. Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthghati, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi.295; Khomeini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1434, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 148; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Sharhin Al-Masa'il al-Mara'ah, 1376, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 675, fitowa ta 1251.
  15. ↑ Hurru Ameli, Wasa'il al-Shia, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 214.
  16. ↑ Esfahani, Kashf al-Latham, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 150. Najafi, Jawaharlal Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na
  17. ↑ Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 1387, juzu'i na 1, shafi 80; Najafi, Jawahir al Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 425 da juzu'i na 8, shafi na 19.
  18. ↑ Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 2007, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 77; Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthghati, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 62; Isfahani, Kashf al-Latham, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi 150; Hali, Shar’i al-Islam, 1408H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 52; Hilli, Qawa'eed Al-Ahkam, 1413 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 252.
  19. ↑ Kliny, Usul Kafi, 1375, shafi na 440-441; Tusi, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, 1365, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 229.
  20. ↑ Hilli, Irshad Al-Azhan, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 244; Ardabili, Majma Al-Faideh, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 62; Shahid Thani, Masalak al-Afham, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 159; Mohaghegh Karki, Jame Al-Maqassed, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi.60; Ardabili, Majmam al-Faideh, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 60.
  21. ↑ Misali, duba shahidi Auwal, Al-Duros, 1412H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 158; Shahid Thani, Masalak al-Afham, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 159; Ardabili, Majmam al-Faideh, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 57.
  22. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Sharh Tauzihul Al-Masa'il al-Marjah (Al-Mahashi na Imam Al-Khomeini), 1376, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 431, shafi na 777.
  23. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Sharh Tauzihul Al-Masa'il al-Marjah (Al-Mahashi na Imam Al-Khomeini), 1376, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 431, shafi na 779.
  24. ↑ Mufid, Al-Maqna, 1410 AH, shafi na 419; Seyed Morteza, Al-Intisar, 1415 AH, shafi na 405; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Sharh Al-Masa'il Al-Marjah, 1376, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 573, fitowa ta 2594; Najafi, Jawahir Al Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 36, ​​shafi na 110.
  25. ↑ Tusi, Al-Khilaf, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 50; Isfahani, Kashf Al-Latham, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 154, Najafi, Jawaher Al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 36, ​​shafi na 110.
  26. ↑ Tusi, Al-Nihaya, 1400 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 583; Hilli, Irshad al-Azhan, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 108; Shahid Thani, Masalak Al-Afham, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 160; Tabatabaei, Riyadh al-Masa'il, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 100; Tusi, Al-Khilaf, 1418 AH, Mujalladi na 8, shafi na 319; Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-Masa'il al-Marjah, 1376, juzu'i na 2.
  27. ↑ Tusi, Al-Nihaya, 1400 AH, shafi na 62; Hilli, Shara’il Islam, 1408H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 53; Hali, Ershad Al-Azhan, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 229; Najafi, Jawahir al Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 6.
  28. ↑ Tusi, Al-Khilaf, 1418 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 691; Hakim, Mustamsk Al-Urwa, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 16-17; Hali, Al-Raer, 1411 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 158.
  29. ↑ Sadouq, Al-Hidayeh, 1418H, shafi na 105; Tusi, Misbah al-Mutahajjid, 1411 AH, shafi na 18; Hali, Al-Mu'utabar, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 259.
  30. ↑ Halabi, Ghaniya al-Nuzou, 1417 AH, shafi na 101; Hali, Tahrir al-Ahkam, 1420H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 114.
  31. ↑ Hilli, Tazkira Al-Fuqaha, 1414H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 345.
  32. ↑ Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 2007, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 77; Hali, Qawa'eed Al-Ahkam, 1413 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 230.
  33. ↑ Tusi, Al-Nihaya, 1400 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 9 da 10. Hali, Al-Muhazzab, 1413 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41, Hilli, Al-Qawa'id Al-Ahkam, 1413 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 180; Shahid Thani, Masalak al-Afham, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 28; Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 2007, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 16.
  34. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il al-Marijah (Al-Mahshi na Imam Al-Khomeini), 1376, shafi na 58, shafi na 63.
  35. ↑ Najafi, Jawaher Al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 29, Kashif Al-Ghita, Kashf al-Ghita, 1387, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 219. shafi na 59, Tusi, Al-Nahaye, 1400 AH, shafi na 482; Yazdi, al-Arwa al-Wuthghati, 1420 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 548.
  36. ↑ Yazdi, Al-Arwa Al-Wuthghati, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 313.
  37. ↑ Ibn Hamzah, Al-Wasila, 1408H, shafi na 85, Tusi, Al-Nahayeh, 1400 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 286.
  38. ↑ Babouye, Fiqhu Al-Reza, 1406 AH, shafi na 225; Mufid, Al-Maqna, 1410 AH, shafi na 419; Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 2007, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 369; Hilli, Al-saraer, 1411 AH, Juzu’i na 1, shafi na 591.
  39. ↑ Sadouq, al-Maqna, 1415 AH, shafi na 258-259.
  40. ↑ Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthghati, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 312-313.
  41. ↑ Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 2007, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 90; Hurrul Amili, Wasa'il al-Shia, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 236.
  42. ↑ Hilli, Qawa'id Al-Ahkam, 1413 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 252.
  43. ↑ Ibn Hamzah, Al-Wasila, 1408H, shafi na 85, Tusi, Al-Nihaya, 1400 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 286.
  44. ↑ Ibn Hamzah, Al-Wasila, 1408H, shafi na 85, Tusi, Al-Nihayeh, 1400 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 286.
  45. ↑ Ibn Hamzah, Al-Wasila, 1408H, shafi na 85, Tusi, Al-Nahayeh, 1400 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 286.
  46. ↑ Sadouq, Al-Khisal, 1416 AH, shafi na 263; Nuri, Mustadrak al-Wasail, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 86; Bahai, Miftah al-Falah, 1405 AH, shafi na 281.

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