Zakkar Fidda Kai

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Risala Ilmiyya

Zakkar Fidda Kai (Larabci: زكاة الفطرة) ko Fitriyya tana cikin wajibai a muslunci wacce ake bada ita ranar idin ƙaramar sallah, miƙdarin zakkar ga kowanne mutum ɗaya tana kasancewa kilogram uku daga kayan abinci da aka saba amfani da su, misalin Alkama da Shinkafa, ko kuma a lissafa kuɗinsu a bayar duk ya halasta. Kan asasin Fatawar Malaman fiƙihu, wannan zakka tana wajabta kan wanda bai kasance Talaka ba a daren ƙaramar sallah, kuma ya kasance Mai hankali kuma Baligi da yake cikin hayyacinsa, misalin wannan mutumi wajibi ne ya fitar da zakkar fidda kansa da ta waɗanda yake ciyarwa. A fatawar Malaman Fiƙihu, ana bada zakkar fidda kai a wurin da ake bada zakka ta wajibi ma’ana mutanen da suka cika sharuɗɗan da ake bawa zakka su ne waɗanda za a basu Zakkar Fidda kai sharuɗɗansu ɗaya ne babu bambanci, wasu ba’arin Malamai sun tafi kan cewa Talakawan Shi’a kaɗai ake baiwa Zakkar Fidda kai bisa Ihtiyaɗi wujubi.

Ma’anar Zakkar Fidda Kai Da Muhimmancinta

Zakkar Fidda Kai wani kudi ne da ya zama wajibi a baiwa Talakawa a ranar idin ƙaramar sallah ko yin amfani da su kan wasu al’amura.[1] a cikin riwayoyin muslunci an ƙarfafa Magana kan muhimmancin Zakkar Fidda Kai, bisa waɗannan riwayoyi ne ake ƙidaya Zakkar Fidda Kai matsayin kammaluwar Azumin Ramadan da aka yi, Abu Basir da Zurara sun naƙalto daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) kamar yanda idan mutum ya yi sallar sannan da gangan ya ƙi yin salati ga Annnabi cikin Tashahhud.[2] (Zaman Tahiyya) sallarsa tana ɓaci to haka idan mutum ya ɗauki Azumi sannan da gangan yaƙi fitar da zakka shima ba za a karɓi azuminsa ba.[3] me yafi yawa daga kasancewa rashin fitar da ita sababin mutuwa.[4] an ambaci wannan zakka da sunan Fitriyya.[5] ko Fitra.[6]

Sharuɗɗan Wajabtuwar Zakkar Fidda Kai, Jinsinta Da Miƙdarinta

Bisa fatawar Malaman fiƙihu, Zakkar Fidda Kai tana wajaba kan mutumin da ya kasance Baligi Mai Hankali da yake cikin hayyacinsa kuma bai kasance Talaka ba ko Bawa.[7] Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi, daga Malaman Fiƙihun Shi’a kuma marubucin littafin Al-urwatul Al-Wusƙa ya ce Malaman muslunci sun yi Ijma’i kan wannan mas’ala ta Zakkar Fidda Kai.[8] Misalin wannan mutumi wajibi ya fitar da Zakkar Fidda Kai ga kansa da waɗanda yake ciyarwa, duk mutum guda ya fitar masa da Sa’i guda ɗaya (kusan kilo uku) daga Alkama, Sha’ir, Dabino, Bushashen Inibi, Shinkafa, Masara, da misalinsu daga kayan abinci, ko kuma ya lissafa kudinsu ya bayar.[9] Sannan dangane da wanne jinsi daga waɗannan kayan abinci da aka zayyano za a bayar, akwai saɓani tsakanin Malamai, wasu ba’ari sun bayyana ce ma’auni shi ne abin da mutum ya saba amfani da shi, wasu kuma sun ce duk kayan abinci da ake amfani da su a garinku.[10] bisa rahotan littafin Farhang Fiƙhu, shahararriyar fatawa Malamai shi ne cewa abincin da aka saba da shi a garinku shi ne abin lura cikin fitarwa,[11] cikin Maraji’an Taƙlidin Shi’a Sayyid Ali Husaini Sistani da Safi Gulfaigani sun tafi kan wannan ra’ayi, amma Shaik Nasir Mukarim Shirazi da Husaini Nuri Hamadani da Sayyid Ali Khamna’i suna cewa babu wani bambanci, za a iya fitarwa daga duk ɗaya daga kayan abincin da aka zayyane bayaninsu a sama.[12]

Lokacin Bada Zakkar Fidda Kai

Bisa fatawar Maraji’an Taƙlidi, lokacin bada Zakkar Fidda Kai yana farawa daga ranar Idin ƙaramar Sallah zuwa Azhur na wannan rana.[13] cikin Malamai Ayatullahi Shubairi Zanjani yana ganin baki ɗayan yinin wannan rana yana cikin lokacin bada Zakkar Fidda Kai,[14] na’am idan ya zamana mutum zai je sallar Idi to wajibi ya bayar da Zakkar Fidda Kai kafin Yin sallar Idi ko kuma dai ya ware kudin zakkar Fidda kai daga dukiyarsa gabanin sallar idi kamar yanda wasu daga Malamai suke ganin hakan.[15] Haka kuma a cewar Marubucin littafin Jawahirul Al-Kalam bisa dogara da ra’ayin Mashhur daga Malaman fiƙihu Zakkar Fidda kai tana wajaba tun farkon Magaribar ƙarshen watan Ramadan,[16] wasu kuma suna ganin tana farawa ne daga hudowar Alfijir na ranar Idin ƙaramar sallah.[17] a cewar Marubucin akwai tsammanin abin da waɗannan Malamai suke nufi daga wajabtarta shi ne fitar da ita da ware daga cikin dukiyar mutum.[18] Malaman fiƙihu suna cewa ba zai yiwu a ware Zakkar Fidda Kai ba kafin watan Ramadan, wasu ba’arinsu kamar misalin Imam Khomaini da Mukarim Shirazi suna cewa bisa Ihtiyaɗi na wajibi hatta cikin watan Ramadan baya halasta bada da Zakkar Fidda Kai, sai dai kuma wasu ba’ari daga cikinsu daga Jumlarsu akwai Ayatullahi Sistani, Khuyi, Tabrizi, Shubairi Zanjani sun tafi kan cewaya halasta a bayar a cikin watan Ramadan amma dai yafi dacewa kada a bayar a tsawon watan Ramadan.[19] Wuraren Da Ake Sarrafata Ba’ari daga Maraji’an Taƙlidi daga jumlar Imam Khomaini, Bahajat da Shubairi Zanjani sun bayyana cewa ana sarrafa Zakkar Fidda Kai cikin waɗannan wurare guda takwas da ake Sarrafa Zakka.[20] Waɗannan wurare sun kasance kamar haka: 1 Talaka 2 Miskini 3 wanda yake aiki karɓo zakka 4 Kafiri wanda idan aka bashi zakka zai muslunta, ko kuma idan aka sarrafata cikin yaƙi za ta taimakawa musulmi 5 sayen Bawa da yanta shi 6 bawa wanda ake bi bashi da ba zai iya biyan bashin da ake binsa ba 7 sarrafata cikin ayyukan muslunci misalin gina Masallaci ko gina gada, 8 Matafiyin da aka barshi a kan hanya babu wani taimako da dabara da ya rage masa. [21] Amma wasu ba’ari daga malamai misalin Sayyid Sistani, Gulfaigani, Safi Gulfaigani da Mukarim Shirazi bisa Ihtiyaɗi wujubi suna ganin kaɗai za a sarrafa tane cikin Talakawan Shi’a,[22] na’am sauran Malaman ma suna ganin sarrafata zuwa ga Talakawan Shi’a amma bisa Ihtiyaɗi Istihbabi.[23]

Zakkar Fidda Kai Ga Baƙi

Bisa fatawar Malaman fiƙih, Zakkar Fidda Kai tana Wajabi a fitar da ita kan Baƙon da ya kawo ziyara kafin shigar daren Idin ƙaramar sallah sannan aka lissafa shi cikin waɗanda ake ciyarwa to wajibi wanda ya karɓe shi ya fitar masa da Zakkar Fidda Kai,[24] na’am dangane da su wanene ake lissafa su matsayin waɗanda ake ciyarwa akwai saɓanin Malamai cikin wannan mas’ala. Wasu ba’arin Malamai misalin Ayatullahi Sistani da Bahajat, sun tafi kan cewa hatta baƙon dare ɗaya shima ana lissafi shi cikin waɗanda ake ciyarwa, kuma Zakkar Fidda Kansa tana wuyan wanda ya sauka gidansa,[25] amma Ayatullahi Shubairi Zanjani, Fadil Lankarani da Mukarim Shirazi suna cewa baƙon dare ɗaya ba a lissafa shi cikin waɗanda ake ciyarwa, dole ne ya zama ya yanke shawara kwana nawa zai zauna a wurin wanda ya sauka a wurinsa.[26]

Wasu Ba’arin Hukunce-hukunce

Wasu ba’ari daban daga hukunce-hukuncen Zakkar Fidda Kai, kan asasin Risalolin Fiƙihu sun kasance cikin sharhin da zai zo a ƙasa:

  • duk wanda ba wajibi bane wasu daban su bada Zakkar Fidda Kansa dole ne ya fitar da kansa ya bayar.
  • idan Zakkar Fidda Kai ta kasance wajibi kan wasunsa, ba wajibi bane sai ya bayar ba, ba ya zama wajibi ya bayar, na’am wasu ba’arin Maraji’ai sun ce bisa Ihtyaɗi wujubi dole shi da kansa ya bayar.
  • idan wanda Zakkar Fidda Kansa ta kasance wajibi a kan wani da kansa zai bayar, sannan bada Zakka ba ta faɗuwa a kan wanda Zakkar Fidda kai ta wajaba a kansa, tare da dukkanin wannan bayani wasu sun ce idan ya zamana ya bada zakkar tare da izininsa ta wadatar.
  • wanda ya kasance shi ba sharifi bane ba zai iya baiwa sharifi Zakkar Fidda Kai ba.
  • idan mutum bai bada Zakkar Fidda Kai a lokacin da ta wajaba a kansa ba, kuma bai fitar da ita ya ajiye a gefe guda ba, bisa Ihtiyaɗi wujubi, zai baya da ita daga baya amma ba da niyyar sauke wajibi ba ko kara’i ba.
  • idan ya ajiye Zakkar Fidda kai, ba zai iya amfani da ita ba ga kansa ya kuma fitar da Zakkar Fidda kai daga wasu kuɗaɗen daban ba.[27]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Moruj, Istilahat Fiqhu, 1379, shafi na 257.
  2. ↑ Majlisi, Mohammad Taqi, Rawda Al-Mutaqiin, 1406 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 495.
  3. ↑ Sadouq, Man Laihdara al-Faqih, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 183.
  4. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 174
  5. ↑ Duba Muassaseh Dayiratu Alma'arif Fikihu, Farhang Fiqh, 1392, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 259; Jafarpisheh Fard,Dar'amad bar Fiqh al-Maqarn, 2008, shafi na 443.
  6. ↑ Mar’i, Al-Qamoos al-Fiqhi, 1413 AH, shafi 159; Sarwar, al-Mujajm al-Shamil ilimi da addini, 1429 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 206; Shabiri Zanjani, Risalah mujstalahatAl-Ilmiyya Takhsir al-Masal, 2008, shafi na 414; Sistani, Tauzihul al-Masa'il, 1393 AH, shafi na 369.
  7. ↑ Misali, duba Mohaghegh Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 158; Yazdi, Al-Arwa Al-Wuthghati, 1409 Hijira, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 353-354.
  8. ↑ Yazdi, Al-Arwa al-Wuthghati, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 353.
  9. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il, 1381, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 169.
  10. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, al-Arwa al-Wuthqa, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 218.
  11. ↑ Muassaseh dayiratul Fiqhu Islami, Farhang Fiqh, 1392, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 689.
  12. ↑ وبگاه حوزه‌نت، «عید فطر و احکام فطریه».
  13. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 180.
  14. ↑ Shabiri Zanjani, Risalah Tauzihul al-Masa'il, 2008, shafi na 418.
  15. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 180.
  16. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 527
  17. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 527
  18. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 527
  19. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 180.
  20. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 176-177.
  21. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 140.
  22. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 180. Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 177.
  23. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 176-177
  24. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini,Tauzihul Al-masa'il, 1381, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 171.
  25. ↑ Sistani, Tuazihul Al-Masa'il, 1393 AH, shafi na 369; Behjat, sharhi kan Tauzihul masa'ili, 2006, shafi na 305.
  26. ↑ Shabiri Zanjani, Risalah Tauzihul Masa'il 2008, shafi na 413; Fazel Lankarani, Tauzihul masa'il 1426 AH, 331; Makarem Shirazi.
  27. ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul masa'ili, 1381, Mujalladi na 2, shafi na 174-183

Nassoshi

  • Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Sayyid Mohammad Hassan, Tauzihul Al-masa'il Marjah, Qum, ofishin wallafe-wallafen Musulunci na Qom Seminary Society, 1381.
  • Behjat, Mohammad Taqi, Tauzihul Al-masa'il, Qum, ofishin Ayatullahi Muhammad Taqi Behjat, 1386.
  • Fazil Lankarani, Muhammad, Risalah Tauzihul Al-masa'il, Qom, Amir al-Alam, 1426 AH.
  • Jafarpishehfard, Mustafa, Dar'amad bar fikihu makarin, Tehran, ikon Jagora, 1388.
  • Kulaini, Muhammad bin Yaqub, Al-Kafi, bincike na Ali Akbar Ghafari da Muhammad Akhundi, Tehran, Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiya, bugu na 4, 1407H.
  • Majlesi, Mohammad Taqi, Rawda al-Mutaqeen fi Sharh Man la Yahdrah al-Faqih, mai bincike kuma mai gyara: Mousavi Kermani, Seyed Hossein, Eshtredi, Alipanah, Tabatabai, Seyyed Fazlullah, Qum, Kushanpur Islamic Cultural Institute, bugu na biyu, 1406 AH. .
  • Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, Risala Tauzihul Al-masa'il, Qum, Makarantar Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib, 2004.
  • Marai, Hossein, Al-Qamoos al-Fiqhi, Beirut Dar al-Mujtabi, 1413H.
  • Moruj, Hossein, Dokokin Shari'a, Kum, Bakshaish, 1379.
  • Muassaseh Dayiratul Ma'arif Fikihu Islami, Farhang fikihu mutabik ba mazhab Ahlul-Baiti, (a.s), bugun farko, 1392.
  • Najafi, Mohammad Hassan bin Baqir, Javaher al-Kalam fi Sharh Shar'e al-Islam, wanda Abbas Qochani ya yi bincike a Beirut, Dar Ahya al-Thrasat al-Arabi, bugu na 7, 1362
  • Sarwar, Ebrahim Hossein, al-Mu'jajm al-shamil lik mustlahat al-Ilimiyyah wa Al-Diniyeh, Beirut, Dar al-Hadi, 1429H.
  • Shabiri Zanjani, Moussa, Risaleh Tauzihul Al-masa'il, Qom, Salisbil, 2008.
  • Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad Bin Ali, Man Laihdara al-Faqih, bincike da gyara daga Ali Akbar Ghafari, Qum, ofishin wallafe-wallafen Musulunci mai alaka da kungiyar malamai ta Qum, bugu na biyu, 1413 AH.
  • Sistani, Sayyid Ali, Tauzihul Al-masa'il, Qom, Bina, 1393H.
  • «عید فطر و احکام فطریه»، وبگاه حوزه‌نت، تاریخ درج مطلب: ۱۴ خرداد ۱۳۹۸، تاریخ بازدید: ۲۵ دی ۱۴۰۱ش.
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