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Kasancewar Halifa Daga Ƙuraishawa

Daga wikishia

Kasancewar Halifa Daga Ƙuraishawa yana daga sharuɗɗan da wasu malaman Ahlus-Sunna suke ganinsa wajibi ga halifancin Musulmi.[1] Kiyaye wannan sharaɗi ya bayyana a tarihin halifanci, ta yadda baki ɗayan halifofi huɗu na farko, halifofin Banu Umayya da halifofin Banu Abbas duk sun kasance daga Ƙuraishawa[2] Suyuɗi a cikin littafin Tarikhul Khulafa, yana cewa tare da wannan hujja ne babu ko ɗaya daga cikin halifofin Ubaidiyyawa (Faɗimiyyawa) da ya kasance daga Ƙuraishawa, shi ya sanya ma bai lissafa su cikin jerin halifofi ba.[3] Haka kuma a cikin Hadis Isna Ashara Khalifa ma Annabi (S.A.W) ya gabatar da mutum goma sha biyu matsayin halifofi da za su zo a bayansa kuma dukkanin su daga Ƙuraishawa,[4] Yawancin malaman ilimin kalam na Ahlus-Sunna sun kafa hujja da "Hadsin Al'a'immatu Min Ƙuraish"[5] cikin sanya kasancewa daga Ƙuraishawa matsayin sharaɗin zama halaifa.[6]

Wasu kuma sun bayyana cewa hikimar sanya wannan sharaɗi shi ne neman albarka ta hanyar ɗamfaruwa da ƙabilar Annabi (S.A.W) tare da la'akari da matsayi na zamantakewa da ƙarfi da iko da ƙabilar Ƙuraishawa suke tare da shi, saboda sun sauran ƙabilun Larabawa samun matsayi da iko, kuma sauran ƙabilu sun amince da wannan fifiko, bisa wannan ra'ayi, shugaba wanda ba ɗan ƙabilar Ƙuraishawa ba zai iya fuskantar rashin biyayya daga sauran ƙabilu da kuma kasa hana afkuwar rikice-rikice.[7]

Ibn Khaldun a cikin Muƙaddimatu, ya tafi kan cewa ijma'in da sahabbai suka yi a Saƙifatu Bani Sa'ida hujja ce kan wajabcin kasancewar halifa daga Ƙuraishawa.[8] A ra'ayin Mahadi Pishwayi, ɗan Shi'a mai nazarin tarihi, a karon farko a lamarin Saƙifa ne aka kawo wannan sharaɗi domin ture Ansar daga halifanci.[9] Ibnu Khaldun ma ya bayyana cewa an gabatar da sharaɗin kasancewar halifa daga Ƙuraishawa ne domin kawar da Ansar da Sa'ad Bin Ubada daga sha'anin halifanci, tare da kafa hujja da hadisin "Halifofi daga Ƙuraishawa suke" Amma bayan ƙarfin Ƙuraishawa ya raunana, kuma tsattsauran ra'ayin ƙabilancinsu ya dusashe sakamakon yalwar arziki da jin daɗin rayuwa, sannan waɗanda ba Larabawa ba suka karɓi ragamar mulki, wasu malaman ilimin Kalam na Ahlus-Sunna, ciki har da Abubakar Baƙillani, suka fara shakkar sharaɗin cewa dole ne halifa ya kasance daga Ƙuraishawa. Sun kuma yi watsi da wannan sharaɗi ta hanyar kafa hujja da wasu ruwayoyin Annabi.[10] tare da haka, Ibn Khaldun yana da ra'ayin cewa yawancin malaman Ahlus-Sunna sun amince da sharaɗin kasancewar danganewar halifa da Ƙuraishawa.[11] Bisa wasu nazarce-nazarce, jaddada sharaɗin cewa halifa ya kasance daga Ƙuraishawa a Saƙifa ya mayar da tsarin ƙabilanci ɗaya daga cikin tushen halifanci.[12]

Malaman Shi'a, suna ɗaukar cewa jagorancin al'amarin addini da duniya na al'ummar Musulmi, a madadin Annabi (S.A.W)[13] lamari ne da Allah yake hannun Allah[14]Suna ganin cewa Imamai an bayyana su a fili a cikin maganganun Annabi (S.A.W) Duk da haka, dukkan Imaman da Shi'a suke ganin Allah ne Ya naɗa su, kuma Annabi (S.A.W) ne ya gabatar da su, sun fito ne daga Ƙuraishawa.[15]

A mahangar Shi'a, wannan ba ya nufin cewa Ƙuraishawa sun fi sauran mutane cancanta da halifanci.[16] Kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin Nahajul Balaga daga Imam Ali (A.S), kasancewa mutum daga Ƙuraishawa kaɗai ba hujja ba ce ta fifikon Ƙuraishawa a sha'anin halifanci da limancin al'umma.[17]

An bayyana cewa mafi yawan Mu'utazilawa da Khawarijawa ma ba sa amincewa da wannan sharaɗi. Suna ganin cewa duk wani Musulmi, ko Balarabe ne ko ba Balarabe ba, daga Ƙuraishawa ko ba daga cikinsu ba, zai iya zama halifa idan yana da taƙawa kuma yana da ikon aiwatar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a.[18]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Bagdadi, Usulud Din, shafi na 277
  2. ↑ Pishwayi, «پیروزی نظریه حاکمیت قریش»، shafi na 8.
  3. ↑ Pishwayi, «پیروزی نظریه حاکمیت قریش»، shafi na 8; ku duba Suyuɗi, Tarikhul Khulafa, shafi na 616.
  4. ↑ Shaik Saduƙ, Al-Khisal, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 469-476; Shaik Ɗusi, Kitabul Gaiba, shafi na 128-133; Bukhari, Sahihul Bukhari, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 81.
  5. ↑ Nisaburi, Sahihu Muslim, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 1451-1453.
  6. ↑ Taftazani, Sharhul Maƙasid, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 244; Bagdadi, Usulud Din, shafi na 277.
  7. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun,juzu'i na 1, shafi na 244.
  8. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 242.
  9. ↑ Pishwayi, «پیروزی نظریه حاکمیت قریش»، shafi na7-8.
  10. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun,juzu'i na 1, shafi na 242-243.
  11. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun,juzu'i na 1, shafi na 243.
  12. ↑ Mir Abul Ƙasimi, «خلافت»، shafi na 15.
  13. ↑ Allama Hilli, Al-Babul Hadi Ashar, shafi na 39-40.
  14. ↑ Amir Khani, «نصّ»، shafi na 333.
  15. ↑ Ibn Maisam Bahrani, An-Najatu Fil Ƙiyama, shafi na 69; Kermani, Al-Masabihu Fi Isbatil Imama, shafi na 11; Subhani, Khoda Wa Imamat, shafi na 22.
  16. ↑ Pishwayi, «پیروزی نظریه حاکمیت قریش»، shafi na 20.
  17. ↑ Nahjul Balaga, Tas'hihu Subhi Salih, huɗuba 144, shafi na 201,
  18. ↑ Ash'ari, Maƙalatul Islamiyyin, shafi na 461-462; Al-Farƙu Bainal Firaƙ, shafi na 13.

Nassoshi

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