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Daƙiƙa:Suratun Nisa'i

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Suratun Nisa'i
Ma'ida
Suratul Ma'ida
Suratun Nisa'i
Ali Imran
Suratul Ali Imran
Lambar Sura4
Juzu'i4 da 5 da 6
Jerantuwa Ta Sauka92
Adadin Ayoyi176
Adadin Kalmomi3764
Adadin Haruffa16328


Suratun Nisa'i ita ce sura ta huɗu kuma tana daga cikin surorin Madina na Alƙur'ani, wadda take a cikin juz'i na huɗu zuwa na shida. An sanya wa wannan sura suna "Nisa'u'" domin yawancin hukunce-hukuncen fiƙihu da suka shafi mata sun zo a cikinta. Suratun Nisa'i galibi tana magana ne game da hukunce-hukuncen aure da gado, kuma a tsakaninsu tana bayyana hukunce-hukuncen sallah, jihadi, da shahada. Har ila yau, a cikin wannan sura akwai wasu bayanai a takaice game da Ahlul-Kitabi da tarihin magabata, kuma Allah ya yi gargaɗi game da munafukai.

Daga cikin ayoyin da suka shahara akwai aya ta 59 na Suratun Nisa'i, wadda aka sani da "Ayar Ulul al-Amri", kuma tana umarni da biyayya ga "masu mulki". Bisa ga hadisai, abin da ake nufi da "Uli al-Amr" shi ne Imaman Shi'a. Sauran ayoyin da suka shahara na wannan sura sun haɗa da ayar tayammum da ayar maharim. Game da Suratun Nisa'i, an ruwaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa: "Duk wanda ya karanta wannan sura, to kamar ya yi sadaka a kan dukan muminai da suka bar gado, kuma za a ba shi lada daidai da ya ƴanta wani bawa, kuma zai kasance mai nisa daga shirki, kuma a cikin ikon Allah, zai kasance daga cikin waɗanda Allah ya yafe musu."

Gabatarwa

Wani sashe daga aya ta 78 Suratun Nisa'ii
  • Sanya suna

An sanya wa wannan sura suna "Suratun Nisa'i" domin kalmar "Nisa'u" (ma'ana: mata) ta zo fiye da sau ashirin a cikinta, kuma yawancin hukunce-hukuncen fiƙihu da suka shafi mata sun zo a cikinta. Wani sunan wannan sura kuma shi ne "Nisa'u al-Kubra" ma'ana babbar surar mata, domin Suratuɗ Ɗalaƙ ana kiranta da "Nisa'u al-Sugra" ko "Nisa'i al-Ƙusra" ma'ana ƙaramar surar mata.[1]

  • Wuri da jerantuwar sauka

Suratun Nisa'i tana daga cikin surorin Madina, kuma a tsarin saukowa, ita ce sura ta casa'in da biyu da aka saukar wa Annabi (S.A.W). Wannan sura a tsarin da yake a cikin Mus'haf na yanzu, ita ce sura ta huɗu,[2] kuma tana cikin juz'i na huɗu zuwa na shida na Alƙur'ani.

  • Adadin ayoyi da kuma sauran siffofi

Suratun Nisa'i tana da ayoyi 176, kalmomi 3764, da haruffa 16328. Wannan sura ta fuskar girma tana daga cikin surorin Sab'u Tiwal (bakwai dogaye), kuma bayan Suratul Baƙara, ita ce sura mafi tsayi a cikin Alƙur'ani. Suratun Nisa'i ko da yake tana cikin juz'i uku na Alƙur'ani, amma ta fuskar girma ta kai kusan juz'i ɗaya da rabi.[3]

Abun Ciki

Bisa ga maganar Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i a cikin tafsirin Almizan, Suratun Nisa'i tana nufin bayyana hukunce-hukuncen aure, kamar: "ana iya auri mata nawa?" da "waɗanda ba a iya aurensu?" Wannan sura kuma tana bayyana batutuwan "gado", kuma a tsakanin ayoyinta tana magana ne kan wasu al'amura kamar hukunce-hukuncen sallah, jihadi, ba da shaida a kotu, da kasuwanci, kuma a takaice tana magana game da Ahlul-Kitabi.[4] Sauran batutuwan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan sura sun haɗa da: kira zuwa ga imani da adalci, bayyana wani ɓangare na tarihin magabata, haƙƙoƙi da ayyukan juna na mutanen al'umma, yaƙi da kafirai, da gargadi game da munafukai.[5] Ayoyin da suka shahara na Suratun Nisa'i sune:

Labarai Da Ruwayoyin Tarihi

  • Rantsuwar Shaiɗan don ɓatar da ɗan adam (Ayoyi 118-120).
  • Tawayen Banu Isra'il (neman su ga Musa ya nuna musu Allah, bautar maraƙi, alƙawarin Ɗur, alƙawarin rashin ƙetare iyaka a ranar Asabar, kashe annabawa, zargin Maryam da fasiƙanci, da'awar kashe Almasihu) (Ayoyi 153-157).

Shahararrun Ayoyi

Ayoyin da suka shahara na wannan sura sun haɗa da: Ayar Ƙinɗar, Ayar Maharim, Ayar Ulul amri, Ayar Arrijalu Ƙawwamuna da Ayar Nafyis Sabil.

Ayar Ƙinɗar

Babban labari: Ayar Ƙinɗar

Kuma idan kun yi nufin musanya mace a wurin wata mace, kuma kun bai wa ɗayansu dukiya mai yawa (Ƙinɗar), to, kada ku karɓi kome daga gare ta. Shin za ku karɓe ta da zalunci da zunubi bayyananne?

Aya ta 20 Suratun Nisa'i ta hana da tsanani kuma ta zargi zargin mata da aikata abubuwan da suka saɓa wa mutunci, don ba da uzuri kan saki da rashin biyan sadaki ko kuma karɓe shi baya.[6] Daga wannan aya, ban da kare haƙƙin mata, an kuma sami hukuncin haƙƙin mallakar mata da kuma halaccin yawan sadaki.[7]

Ayar Maharim

Babban labari: Ayar Maharim

An haramta muku (auren) uwayenku mata, da ƴaƴanku mata, da ƴan uwanku mata, da innoni, da mata ƴan uwan uwayenku, da ƴaƴan ɗan uwa mata, da ƴaƴan ƴar uwa mata, da uwayenku masu shayar da ku (nono), da ƴan uwanku mata na shayarwa, da iyayen matan ku, da ƴaƴan matan ku waɗanda ke cikin kuliyarku daga matan da kuka shiga su (kwana da su) to idan ba ku shiga su ba, to, babu laifi a kanku (ku auri ƴaƴansu) - da matan ƴaƴanku waɗanda suke daga tsatsonku, da kuma tara tsakanin ƴan uwa mata biyu, face abin da ya gabata. Lalle ne Allah Mai gafara ne, Mai jin ƙai.

Aya ta 23 Suratul Nisa'i ta bayyana hukuncin haramcin yin aure da wasu daga cikin makusantan dangi. Maharim (jam'in mahram) wata kalma ce ta fiƙihu, wadda ke nufin dangin da yin aure da su haramun ne. Bisa ga abubuwan da suke haifar da zama mahram, wato nasaba, aure, da shayarwa, ana raba maharim zuwa kashi uku: na nasaba, na aure, da na shayarwa.[8]

Ayar Tijara (Kasuwanci)

Babban labari: Ayar Tijara

Ya ku wadanda suka yi imani! Kada ku ci dukiyoyinku a tsakaninku da karya, face ta zama kasuwanci ta hanyar yarda daga gare ku. Kuma kada ku kashe kanku. Lalle ne Allah ya kasance Mai jin kai a gare ku.

Aya ta 29 Suratun Nisa'i da aka sani da Ayar Kasuwanci, tana magana ne game da haramcin ciniki da ba bisa shari'a ba. malaman tafsiri sun yi imanin cewa ciniki a Musulunci dole ne ya kasance tare da yardar ɓangarorin biyu kuma ya zama daidai. A ra'ayin wasu, abin da ake nufi da yarda a ciniki shi ne rabuwar ɓangarorin ko kuma soke zaɓin ciniki.[9] A cikin wannan aya kuma an yi ishara da haramcin kashe kai a Musulunci.[10]

Ayar Tayammum

Babban labarun: Ayar Tayammum da Aya Ta 43 Suratun Nisa'i

Ya ku waɗanda suka yi imani! Kada ku kusanci salla alhali kuna cikin maye, har sai kun san abin da kuke faɗa. Kuma kada ku kusance ta alhali kuna cikin janaba, face kuna matafiya, har sai kun yi wanka. Kuma idan kun kasance marasa lafiya, ko kuna tafiya, ko ɗayanku ya zo daga bayan gida, ko kun taɓa mata, sa'an nan ba ku sami ruwa ba, to ku yi taimama da ƙasa mai tsarki, ku shafe fuskokinku da hannuwanku. Lalle ne Allah Mai yawan yafewa ne, Mai yawan gafara.

Aya ta 43 Suratun Nisa'i ta bayyana hukunce-hukuncen taimama. Bisa ga wannan, idan ruwa yana da illa ga jiki ko kuma samun ruwa ba zai yiwu ba, ana iya yin taimama a maimakon alwala ko wanka.[11]

Ayar Ulul amri

Babban labari: Ayar Ulul amri

Ya ku wadanda suka yi imani! Ku yi biyayya ga Allah, kuma ku yi biyayya ga Manzo da masu mulki daga cikinku. Idan kun yi sabani a cikin wani abu, to, ku mayar da shi ga Allah da Manzo, idan kun kasance kuna imani da Allah da Ranar Lahira. Wannan shi ne mafi alheri kuma mafi kyawun sakamako.

Aya ta 59 Suratun Nisa'i tana umurtar muminai da su yi biyayya ga Allah da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) da masu mulki. malaman tafsiri na Shi'a[12] da wasu daga Ahlus-Sunna kamar Fakhr Razi[13] sun yi imanin cewa wannan aya tana nuna tsarkin ulul amri. Shi'a bisa ga ruwayoyi da yawa[14] sun yi imanin cewa abin da ake nufi da "Ulul Amri" su ne Imamai Tsarkaka (A.S).[15]

Ayar Hazar

Babban labari: Ayar Hazar

Ya ku wadanda suka yi imani! Ku yi taka tsantsan (domin yaki), sai ku tafi rukuni-rukuni, ko ku tafi tare (a kungiya daya).

Wannan aya tana kiran Musulmai zuwa jihadi a kan kafirai[16] kuma tana buƙatar su tafi da hankali da kayan aiki cikakke zuwa ga maƙiya, ko dai a rukuni-rukuni ko kuma a ƙungiya ɗaya.[17] Malaman tafsiri sun yi fassarori daban-daban game da wannan aya, kuma sun ɗauki aiki da ita a matsayin mabuɗin daraja da nasara, kuma sakaci da ita a matsayin mabuɗin faɗuwa da shan kashi na Musulmai.[18]

Ayar Nushuz

Babban labarun: Ayoyin Nushuz da Ayar Arrijalu Ƙawwamuna Alan Nisa'i

Kuma mata da kuke tsoron rashin biyayyarsu, to, ku yi musu wa'azi, kuma ku rabu da su a gadaje, kuma ku doke su. Idan sun yi muku biyayya, to, kada ku nemi wata hanya a kansu. Lalle ne Allah Maɗaukaki ne, Mai girma.

Kuma idan mace ta ji tsoron rashin jituwa ko kau da kai daga mijinta, to, babu laifi a kansu su yi sulhu a tsakaninsu, kuma sulhu ne mafi alheri. Kuma an halicci mutane a kan rowa. Idan kun kyautata kuma kuka yi taƙawa, to, lalle ne Allah Mai sani ne ga abin da kuke aikatawa.

Kashi na biyu na aya ta 34 Suratun Nisa'i da aya ta 128 Suratun Nisa'i ana kiransu da "Ayoyin Nushuz". Nushuz kalma ce ta fiƙihu da ke nuni ne ga bijirewa mace ga mijinta a cikin al'amura kamar yarda da jima'i da fita daga gida ba tare da izinin mijin ba, da kuma rashin daidaituwar miji da rashin kiyaye haƙƙin matarsa. Haƙiƙa, a wasu lokuta daga cikin hadisai, an fassara nushuz na namiji a matsayin shawararsa na sakin matarsa.[19]

Ayar Nafyis Sabil

Babban labari: Ayar Nafyis Sabil

Kuma Allah ba zai taɓa sanya wa kafirai wata hanya a kan muminai ba.

Ƙarshen aya ta 141 Suratun Nisa'i ana kiranta da "Ayar Nafyis Sabil". Ayar ta musanta duk wani fifikon kafirai a kan muminai, kuma tana buƙatar muminai su yi tsayayya da mamayar kafirai.[20] Malamai sun yi amfani da wannan aya don tabbatar da ƙa'idar Nafyis Sabil.[21]

Ayaoyin Hukunce-hukunce

An ƙidaya fiye da ayoyi talatin daga cikin ayoyin Suratun Nisa'i a matsayin ayoyin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a (Ayatul Ahkam).[22] Yawancin waɗannan ayoyin suna bayyana hukunce-hukuncen aure da zamantakewa da kuma hukunce-hukuncen gado. Daga cikin sauran hukunce-hukuncen da suka zo a cikin wannan sura, ana iya ambaton hukuncin azabar alfasha, hukuncin sallah a lokacin maye, wucewa ta masallaci alhali kana cikin janaba, hukuncin taimama, hukunce-hukuncen sallah, biyan amana, hukunce-hukuncen marayu da wawaye, hukuncin kisan kuskure, riya, hukuncin salama, da hukuncin mamayar kafiri a kan mumini.[23] Ayoyin da ke da hukuncin shari'a a cikinsu ko kuma aka yi amfani da su wajen fitar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a, ana kiransu ayoyin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a.[24] A cikin teburin da ke ƙasa an nuna wasu daga cikin ayoyin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a na Suratun Nisa'i:

Lambar Aya Rubutu Babi Maudu'i
3 Kuma idan kun ji tsoron rashin yin adalci ga marayu, to, ku auri abin da ya kyautata muku daga mata... Nikahu Halaccin auren mace fiye da guda ɗaya
4 Kuma ku ba da sadakin mata a matsayin kyauta. Idan sun yarda muku da wani abu daga ciki da son rai, to, ku ci shi cikin jin dadi da ni'ima Nikahu Hukunce-hukunce sadakin mata
6 "Kuma ku gwada marayu har sai sun kai ga aure, idan kun lura da hankali a gare su, to, ku mika musu dukiyoyinsu... Balaga Dawo da dukiyar marayu
7 Maza suna da rabo daga abin da iyaye da dangi suka bari, kuma mata suna da rabo daga abin da iyaye da dangi suka bari Gado Rabon gado
11 Allah yana yi muku wasiyya game da ƴaƴanku: namiji yana da rabo daidai da rabon mata biyu... Gado Rabon gado
12 Kuma kuna da rabin abin da matanku suka bari, idan ba su da yaro Gado Gadon ma'aurata (miji da mata) daga juna
15 Kuma waɗanda suka yi alfasha daga cikin matanku, to ku kawo shaidu huɗu a kansu daga cikinku... Haddodi da Diyya Hukunci zina ta mace
19 Ya ku waɗanda suka yi imani! Ba ya halatta a gare ku ku gaji mata ba tare da son ransu ba.. Gado Hukunce-hukuncen gado
22 Kuma kada ku auri waɗanda ubanninku suka aura daga cikin mata, sai dai abin da ya riga ya wuce.. Nikahu Aure da aka haramta
25 Kuma duk wanda bai sami ikon auren ƴaƴan mata masu imani masu ƴancin kansu ba, to (ya aura) daga cikin kuyangin ku da suka mallaka Nikahu Auren da aka halatta
29 Ya ku waɗanda suka yi imani! Kada ku ci dukiyoyinku a tsakanku da ƙarya, sai dai idan ta zama kasuwanci ta hanyar yarda daga gare ku... Kasuwanci Dokokin kasuwanci na halal
43 Ya ku waɗanda suka yi imani! Kada ku kusanci sallah alhali kuna maye... Sallah Sharuɗɗan tsayar da sallah
58 Lalle ne Allah Yana umartar ku da ku mayar da amanai ga ma'abotansu, kuma idan kun yi hukunci a tsakanin mutane, ku yi hukunci da adalci... Alƙalanci da shaida wajabcin kiyaye adalci a cikin alƙalanci
92-93 Kuma ba ya kasancewa ga mumini ya kashe mumini ba, sai bisa kuskure... Haddodi da diyya Hukuncin kisan kai da gangan a Musulunci
127 Kuma suna neman ka yi musu fatawa game da mata. Ka ce: Allah Yana yi muku fatawa a kansu, da abin da ake karanta muku a cikin Littafi game da marayun mata... Nikahu Biyan haƙƙoƙin mata
128-130 Kuma idan mace ta ji tsoron rashin jin daɗi ko kau da kai daga mijinta, to ba laifi a kansu su yi sulhu a tsakaninsu. Kuma sulhu ya fi alheri... Sakin aure Sulhu domin kaucewa sakin aure
161 Kuma saboda karɓar su ga riba, alhali an hana su daga gare ta, da kuma cinsu da dukiyoyin mutane da ƙarya... Kasuwanci Haramcin riba
176 Suna neman ka yi musu fatawa. Ka ce: Allah Yana yi muku fatawa game da al-Kalala... Gado Gadon Kalala

Faloli Da Fa'idoji

Babban labari: Falolin Surori

An ruwaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa: Duk wanda ya karanta Suratun Nisa'i, to kamar ya yi sadaka ga dukan muminai da suka bar gado, kuma za a ba shi lada kamar ladan ƴantar da bawa, kuma zai nisanta daga shirki, kuma a cikin ikon Allah, zai kasance daga cikin waɗanda Allah Ya gafarta musu.[25] Kuma daga Imam Ali (A.S) an ruwaito cewa: Idan mutum ya karanta Suratun Nisa'i a ranar Juma'a, zai tsira daga matsar kabari.[26]

A cikin majiyoyin hadisi, an ambaci wasu fa'idoji na musamman ga karatun wannan sura, kamar kawar da tsoro (Idan aka wanke shi da ruwan sama aka sha),[27] da kuma samun abin da ya ɓace.[28] A cikin littafin Misbahul Mutahajjid na Shaik Ɗusi, an ambaci cewa ana son (mustahabbi) karanta Suratun Nisa'i bayan sallar Asuba a ranar Juma'a.[29]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Daneshnameh Kur'ani wa Kur'an-pazhuh, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1237.
  2. ↑ Ma'arifat, Amuzesh-e Ulum-e Kur'ani, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 168.
  3. ↑ Daneshnameh Kur'ani wa Kur'an-pazhuh, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1237.
  4. ↑ Tabataba'i, Almzan, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 213.
  5. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 273–275.
  6. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 322.
  7. ↑ Qara'ati, Tafsir Nur, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 40.
  8. ↑ Daneshnameh Kur'ani wa Kur'an-pajuhi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1988.
  9. ↑ Fakhr Razi, Mafatihul-Ghaib, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 58.
  10. ↑ Tabari, Tafsir Tabari, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 20.
  11. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 398.
  12. ↑ Tusi, At-Tibyan fi Tafsiril-Kur'an, Dar Ihya' at-Turath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 236; Tabarsi, Majma'ul-Bayan, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 100; Tabataba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 391.
  13. ↑ Fakhr Razi, Mafatihul-Ghaib, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 112–113.
  14. ↑ Duba: Bahrani, Ghayatul-Maram wa Hujjatul-Khisam, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 109–115; Qanduzi, Yanabi'ul-Mawadda, shafi na 494.
  15. ↑ Tusi, At-Tibyan fi Tafsiril-Kur'an, Dar Ihya' at-Turath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 236; Tabarsi, Majma'ul-Bayan, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 100; Tabataba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 399.
  16. ↑ Qurtubi, Al-Jami'u li Ahkamil-Kur'an.
  17. ↑ Sa'alabi, Al-Kashfu wal-Bayan, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 343.
  18. ↑ Qara'ati, Tafsir Nur, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 103.
  19. ↑ Hurrul Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 21, Abwab: al-Ƙism wan-Nushuz wash-Shiƙaƙ, babi na 11, shafi na 351.
  20. ↑ Tabataba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 116.
  21. ↑ Bajnurdi, Al-Ƙawa'id al-Fiƙhiyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 187.
  22. ↑ Duba: Irwani, Durus Tamhidiyya fi Tafsir Ayatil-Ahkam, juzu'i na 1 da 2, jerin ayoyi.
  23. ↑ Duba: Irwani, Durus Tamhidiyya fi Tafsir Ayatil-Ahkam, juzu'i na 1 da 2, jerin ayoyi.
  24. ↑ Mu'ini, Ayatul-Ahkam, shafi na 1.
  25. ↑ Tabarsi, Majma'ul-Bayan, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 5.
  26. ↑ Shaik Saduƙ, Sawabul-A'amal, shafi na 105.
  27. ↑ Sayyid Ibn Ɗawus, Al-Aman min Akhtar, shafi na 89.
  28. ↑ Kaf'ami, Misbah Kaf'ami, shafi na 454.
  29. ↑ Shaik Tusi, Misbah al-Mutahajjid, shafi na 284.

Nassoshi

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