Daƙiƙa:Shan Taba Sigari
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| Sashe dagaHukunce-hukuncen Aiki da na Fiƙihu |
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Shan taba sigari ko shan ganyen taba, na nufin shakar hayaƙin da ake samu daga ƙona ganyen taba ko sigari ta amfani da abubuwa kamar sigari, shisha, chibugi ko (bututun taba). Malaman fiƙihun Musulunci sun yi saɓani game da hukuncin shan taba. Wasu, kamar Shaik Hurru Amili da Nasir Makarim Shirazi, sun ɗauke shi a matsayin haramun saboda illar da yake haifarwa. Wasu kuma, bisa dogaro da Ƙa'idar Bara'a da ƙa'idar halacci, sun yarda da halaccinsa.
A bisa fatawoyin malamai, bisa Ihtiyaɗi na wajibi (taka-tsantsan na wajibi), mai azumi ya kamata ya guji shan taba sigari. Wasu malaman fiƙihu, kamar Sayyid Musa Shubairi Zanjani, ba ya halatta shan sigari a cikin watan Ramadan idan hakan yana zama raini ko rashin girmama azumi. Haka kuma, Sayyid Ali Sistani ya haramta shan taba sigari a wuraren jama'a ko amfani da dukiyar wani ba tare da izininsa ba.
Dokokin Najeriya game da hana shan taba a wuraren taron jama'a suna ƙarƙashin Dokar Kula da Taba ta Kasa ta 2015M, da Dokokin Kula da Taba ta Kasa na 2019M.
Nazarin Ma'anar Kalmar Da Matsayinta
Shan taba sigari ko shan ganyen taba, na nufin shakar hayaƙin da ke fitowa sakamakon ƙona taba ko ganyen taba ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki kamar sigari, shisha da bututun taba.[1] Duk wani nau'in amfani da taba ko ganyen taba, ko ta hanyar sigari ko wata hanya dabam, ana kiransa kayan taba.[2]
An tattauna batun shan taba a cikin babukan fiƙihu da suka shafi sallah da azumi, da kuma cikin Sababbin mas'aloli na zamani da suka taso daga baya.[3]Malaman fiƙihu sun yi bincike kan hukuncin shari'a game da shan taba da kuma saye da sayar da ita.[4] Ɗaya daga cikin misalan da ake bayarwa wajen bayanin ƙa'idar bara'a shi ne shan taba ko amfani da kayan taba.[5]
Tarihin Shigar Taba Zuwa Ƙasashen Musulmi
An ce a karo na farko, taba ta shigo ƙasashen Musulunci daga ƙasashen Yamma a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma bayan Hijira.[6] Taba da ganyen taba sun fara shiga Turkiyya a shekara ta 1605M, sannan Dimashƙa a 1606M, haka kuma suka shiga Hijaz da Masar a 1601M.[7] An kuma ruwaito cewa taba ta shiga Iran tun farkon ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya bayan Hijira.[8] Bayan amfani da taba ya yaɗu tsakanin Musulmi, malaman fiƙihu suka fara nazarin hukuncin shari'a game da amfani da ita.[9]
Fatawar Haramta Amfani Da Taba Da Ganyen Taba
Fatawar Mirzayi Shirazi a shekara ta 1309H, ta fito ne sakamakon ba wa kamfanin Riji na Ingila damar mallakar cinikin taba da ganyen taba shi kaɗai. Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniya.[10] Ga yadda fatawar ta kasance: "A yau, amfani da taba da ganyen taba ta kowace hanya yana cikin hukuncin yaƙi da Imam Zamani (A.F).[11]
Hukuncin Amfani Da Taba
Malamai fiƙihu sun yi saɓani game da hukuncin amfani da taba:
Haramcin Shan Taba
Wasu malaman fiƙihu suna ganin cewa amfani da taba haramun ne. Misali, bisa fatawar Sayyid Ali Sistani, amfani da abubuwan maye, sigari da shisha yana zama haramun idan suna haifar da babbar illa.[12] Wasu malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a, kamar Hurru Amili da Nasir Makarim Shirazi, sun bayyana haramcin taba a matsayin haramci na gaba ɗaya.[13]
Hurru Amili ya kawo dalilai guda 12 na haramcin taba a cikin littafinsa Al-Fawa'iduɗ Ɗusiyya,[14] daga cikinsu akwai wata ruwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S)[15] wadda take nuna cewa cutarwar wani abu na iya zama dalilin haramcinsa.[16] Makarim Shirazi ma, saboda illolin da sigari da sauran kayan taba suke haifarwa, ya sanya su ƙarƙashin "ƙa'idar La Darar" kuma ya hukunta su da haramci.[17] Wasu malaman fiƙihu daga Hanafiyya, Malikiyya, Shafi'iyya, Hanbaliyya da kuma wani Muftin Wahabiyawa na Saudiyya ma sun bayar da fatawar haramcin taba.[18]
Haka kuma, wasu malaman fiƙihu sun ba da hujja da ayar: Yana halatta musu abubuwa masu kyau, kuma yana haramta musu abubuwa marasa kyau.[19] Allah ya haramta abubuwa marasa tsarki, kuma kayan taba suna daga cikinsu. kuma taba tana daga cikin waɗannan abubuwa.[20] Haka kuma sun ce amfani da taba, saboda yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban, wani nau'i ne na jefa kai cikin halaka, abin da Allah Ya hana a cikin ayar tahluka.[21]
Halaccin Shan Taba
Wasu malaman fiƙihu sun amince da halaccin amfani da taba, kuma sun kawo dalilai daban-daban. Daga cikin dalilansu akwai cewa illar taba ba ta kasance iri ɗaya ga kowa ba; tana iya bambanta gwargwadon mutane, yanayin jikinsu da lokuta. Saboda haka, ba za a iya hukunta duk wani amfani da taba da haramci ba.[22] Haka kuma, bisa wasu ayoyin Alƙur'ani, kamar: "Ku ci daga abin da yake cikin ƙasa, halal kuma mai kyau."[23] Sun yi imanin cewa duk abin da yake tsiro daga ƙasa halal ne kuma mai kyau, sai dai idan akwai nassi ko hujja ta musamman da ta haramta shi. Saboda haka, taba da ganyen taba suna cikin abubuwan da ake ɗauka a matsayin halal.[24]
Bugu da ƙari, sun ce babu wani nassi kai tsaye da ya haramta amfani da taba. Saboda haka, malaman fiƙihu sun dogara da ƙa'idar halacci, wadda take tabbatar da halaccin duk abin da babu nassi da ya haramta shi.[25] Muhammad Bin Ali Shaukani, malamin Zaidiyya, da wasu malaman fiƙihu na Ahlus-Sunna ma sun yi amfani da wannan ƙa'ida wajen tabbatar da halaccin amfani da taba.[26] Wasu malaman Ahlus-Sunna kuma sun bayar da fatawar cewa amfani da ita makaruhi ne.[27]
Hukuncin Shan Taba Sigari Ga Mai Azumi
Malaman fiƙihu suna ganin cewa, bisa Ihtiyaɗi na wajibi, mai azumi ya guji hayaƙin nau'o'in taba da miyagun ƙwayoyi da ake shaka ko suke shiga jiki ta hanci ko ƙarƙashin harshe.[28] Bisa fatawar Sayyid Musa Shubairi Zanjani, amfani da taba a bayyane a cikin watan Ramadan, ta yadda hakan zai zama rashin girmama azumi, ba ya halatta. Idan mutum ya karya wannan hukunci, dole ne ya rama azumin.[29]
Amfani da Taba a Wuraren Jama'a
A ra'ayin wasu malaman fiƙihu, kamar Sayyid Ali Sistani, ba ya halatta mutum ya sha sigari ko hooka a wuraren jama'a ko a cikin dukiyar wani ba tare da yardar mai wurin ba, musamman idan hakan yana jawo wa wasu mutane illa.[30]
Tarayyar jamhuriyarr Najeriya ta tanadi doka kan hana shan taba sigari cikin taron jama'a ƙarƙashin doka mai taken (National Tobacco Control Act 2015M) da kuma dokokin kula da taba ta ƙasa na 2019M, (National Tobacco Control Regulations 2019).
Dokar ta bayyyana wurare da dama da aka haramta shan taba sigari a cikinsu:
- Wuraren Taron Jama'a na Waje: Kamar filayen wasa, wuraren shakatawa, dandali, da wuraren taro na jama'a.
- Wuraren Abinci da Sha: Duk wani wuri da ake sayarwa ko sha abinci ko abin sha, kamar gidajen abinci da mashaya.
- Filayen Wasanni: Kamar filin wasa, fage, ko duk wani wurin wasan kwaikwayo.
- Kusa da Ƙofofi da Tagogi: A cikin nisan mita 5 daga kowace ƙofa, taga mai buɗewa, ko hanyar shigar iska ta wani wuri na jama'a.
- Wuraren Sufuri na Jama'a: Kamar bas, motocin haya, jiragen ƙasa, da sauransu.[31]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Ɗayyar da wasu, Al-Fiƙhul Muyassar, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 44; Atiƙ, Al-Ahkamul Fiƙhiyya al-Muta'alliƙa bit Tadkhin, shafi na 19.
- ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhil Islami, Farhange Fiƙh, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 586.
- ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhil Islami, Farhange Fiƙh, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 586.
- ↑ Don misali, duba: Hurru Amili, Al-Fawa'iduɗ Ɗusiyya, shafi na 224; Ɗayyar da wasu, Al-Fiƙhul Muyassar, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 44; Atiƙ, Al-Ahkamul Fiƙhiyya al-Muta'alliƙatu bit Tadkhin, shafi na 19; wasu marubuta, Al-Mausu'atul Fiƙhiyyatul Kuwaitiyya, juzu'i na 10, shafuka na 109–110.
- ↑ Don misali, duba: Shaik Ansari, Fara'idul Usul, juzu'i na 2, shafuka na 11–12; Subhani, Al-Mujaz fi Usulil Fiƙhi, shafi na 180.
- ↑ Abdus-Salam Aɗ-Ɗuwaila, Fiƙhul Ashriba wa Haddaha, shafi na 436.
- ↑ Atiƙ, Al-Ahkamul Fiƙhiyya al-Muta'alliƙa bit Tadkhin, shafuka na 24–25.
- ↑ Fathullahpur, «Dukhaniyyat,» shafi na 389.
- ↑ Rahimi, «Barresiye Ayate Fiƙhi dar Helliyat ya Hurmate Isti'imale Dukhaniyat dar Nigahe Fariƙain,» shafi na 70.
- ↑ Isfahani Karbalayi, Tarikhe Dukhaniye, shafuka na 117–118.
- ↑ Isfahani Karbalayi, Tarikhe Dukhaniye, shafuka na 118.
- ↑ Sistani, «Taudihul Masa'il al-Jami,» shafin daftare rasmi Marja' Aliƙadar Sayyid Ali Husaini Sistani.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Al-Fawa'iduɗ Ɗusiyya, shafi na 224; Aliyan-Najadi, Sigar Padideye Margbare Asre Ma, shafi na 6.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Al-Fawa'iduɗ Ɗusiyya, shafuka na 224–226.
- ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 242.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Al-Fawa'iduɗ Ɗusiyya, shafi na 224.
- ↑ Aliyan-Najadi, Sigar Padideye Margbare Asre Ma, shafi na 13.
- ↑ Wasu marubuta, Al-Mausu'atul Fiƙhiyyatul Kuwaitiyya, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 102; Al-Mausu'atul Fiƙhiyya, «Hukmu Shurbid Dukhani,» shafin Darur Saniyya.
- ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta 157.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Al-Fawa'iduɗ Ɗusiyya, shafi na 224; Ɗayyari da wasu, Al-Fiƙhul Muyassar, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 44; Atiƙ, Al-Ahkamul Fiƙhiyya al-Muta'alliƙa bit Tadkhin, shafi na 55.
- ↑ Al-Ɗayyar da wasu, Al-Fiƙhul Muyassar, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 44; Atiƙ, Al-Ahkamul Fiƙhiyya al-Muta'alliƙa bit Tadkhin, shafi na 54.
- ↑ Jaza'iri, Al-Anwarun Nu'maniyya, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 44; Wasu marubuta, Al-Mausu'atul Fiƙhiyyatul Kuwaitiyya, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 106.
- ↑ Suratul Baƙara, aya ta 168.
- ↑ Shaukani, Irshadus Sa'il, shafi na 51; Jazairi, Al-Anwarun Nu'maniyya, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 44.
- ↑ Jaza'iri, Al-Anwarun Nu'maniyya, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 44.
- ↑ Shaukani, Risalatu Irshadus Sa'il, shafuka na 50–51; Karmi Hanbali, Tahƙiƙul Burhan fi Sha'ani Dukhani, shafi na 59.
- ↑ Don misali, duba Al-Mausu'atul Fiƙhiyyatul Kuwaitiyya, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 107.
- ↑ Don misali, duba: Khuyi, Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 276; Sistani, Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 335; Usuli da Bani Hashimi Khomaini, Risale Taudihul Masa'il (Maraji'), juzu'i na 1, shafi na 974.
- ↑ Shubairi Zanjani, Taudihul Masa'il, shafi na 334.
- ↑ Sistani, «Taudihul Masa'il al-Jami,» shafin daftare rasmi Marja' Aliƙadar Sayyid Ali Husaini Sistan.
- ↑ «Smoke Free Status of Outdoor Places»
Nassoshi
- Abdus-Salam Aɗ-Ɗuwaila, Abdul-Wahhab, Fiƙhul Ashriba wa Haddaha, Alkahira, Dar al-Salam, 1406H.
- Al-Mausu'atul Fiƙhiyya, «حكمُ شرب التبغِ (الدخان)»، (Mabudi na Farko: Hukuncin Shan Taba), Shafin Ad-Durar as-Saniyya, ranar ziyartar shafin: 19 Oktoba 2024M
- Aliyan-Najadi, Abul Ƙasim, Sigar Padideye Margbare Asre Ma, Qum, Madrasatu Imam Ali Bin Abi Ɗalib (A.S), 1386Sh.
- Atiƙ, Ahmad Bin Muhammad, Al-Ahkamul Fiƙhiyya al-Muta'alliƙa bit Tadkhin, Riyad, Dar al-Maiman, ba tare da kwanan wata ba.
- Fathullahpur, Parviz, «Dukhaniyyat; Giyahshinosi, Tariikh wa Karbord,» a cikin Daneshname Jahani Islami, juzu'i na 17, Tehran, Cibiyar Bunyade Da'iratul Ma'arif Islami, 1391Sh.
- Hurru Amili, Muhammad Bin Hassan, Al-Fawa'iduɗ Ɗusiyya, Qum, Mawallafar Mahallati, 1423H.
- Jama'ar marubuta, Al-Mausu'atul Fiƙhiyyatul Kuwaitiyya, Kuwait, Wizarat Awƙaf Wash Shu'un Islamiyya, 1414H.
- Jaza'iri, Sayyid Ni'matullah, Al-Anwarun Nu'maniyya, Beirut, Dar al-Qari', 1429H.
- Karmi Hanbali, Mar'i Bin Yusuf, Tahƙiƙul Burhan fi Sha'ani Dukhani allazi Yashrabuhu al-Nas al-An, Beirut, Dar Ibn Hazm, 1421H.
- Kulaini, Muhammad Bin Yaƙub, Al-Kafi, gyaran Muhammad Akhundi da Ali Akbar Gaffari, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, 1407H.
- Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhil Islami, Farhange Fiƙh Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Bait (A.S). ƙarƙashin kulawar Sayyid Mahmud Hashimi Shahrudi, Qum, Cibiya rDa'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙih Islami, 1387Sh.
- Rahimi, Murtaza, «Barresiye Ayate Fiƙhi dar Helliyat ya Hurmate Isti'imale Dukhaniyat dar Nigahe Fariƙain,» (Binciken ayoyin fikihu game da halaccin ko haramcin amfani da kayan taba bisa mahangar ɓangarorin biyu.), Mujallar Pajuheshname Halal, lamba ta 1, Isfand 1397Sh/2018M.
- Shaukani, Muhammad, Irshadus Sa'il ila Dala'il al-Masa'il, ba tare da wurin bugawa ko mawallafi ba, 1348H.
- Shaik Ansari, Murtada, Fara'idul Usul, Qum, Majma' al-Fikr al-Islami, bugu na farko, 1419H.
- Sistani, Sayyid Ali, «توضیح المسائل جامع»،(Taudihul Masa'il al-Jami), Shafin shafin daftare rasmi Marja' Aliƙadar Sayyid Ali Husaini Sistani., ranar ziyartar shafin: 20 Oktoba 2024M.
- Tobacco Cobtrol Laws, «Smoke Free Status of Outdoor Places», (Matsayar doka kan wuraren waje dangane da ko ba a shan taba a cikinsu), sabuntawa ta ƙarshe: 7 Maris 2025M, ranar ziyara 20 Satumba 2026M.
- Ɗayyar, Abdullah Bin Muhammad da wasu, Al-Fiƙhul Muyassar, Riyad, ba tare da mawallafi ba, 1433H.
- Usuli, Ihsan da Muhammad Hassan Bani Hashimi Khomaini, Risale Taudihul Masa'il (Maraji'), Qum, Mawal;lafar Daftar Tabligate Islami, ba tare da kwanan wata ba.