Daƙiƙa:Khumusin Ribar Sana'o'i Da Kasuwanci
 | Wannan wani rubutu ne na siffantawa game da wata ma'ana ta fiƙihu, kuma ba za ta iya zama ma'auni ga ayyukan addini ba, domin ayyukan addini sai a koma zuwa ga wasu madogaran na daban. |
| Sashe dagaHukunce-hukuncen Aiki da na Fiƙihu |
|---|
 |
Khumusin ribar sana'o'i da kasuwanci shi ne fitar kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na ribar da aka samu daga kasuwanci da sauran hanyoyin samun kuɗi.[1] A fiƙihun Shi'a, biyan wannan khumusi wajibi ne bayan an cire kuɗaɗen buƙatun rayuwa na shekara da aka saba yi (mu'una).[2]Wannan hukunci ya shafi kuɗaɗen shiga da aka samu daga: Kasuwanci, noma, masana'antu, rubuce-rubuce, ɗinki, hayar dukiya, da sauran sana'o'i da ayyukan samun kuɗi.[3] Sai dai malamai sun sami saɓanin ra'ayi kan ko khumusi ya wajaba a kan abubuwa kamar: sadaki, kyauta, lambar yabo ko kyautar gasa, da gado.[4]
Malaman fiƙihu na Ahlus-Sunna ba sa ɗaukar ribar sana'o'i da kasuwanci a matsayin abin da khumusi ya wajaba a kansa.[5] A gefe guda kuma, malaman Shi'a suna kafa hujjar wajibcin khumusi ne da ruwayoyin Ahlul-Baiti (A.S)[6] da kuma ayar khumusi. Suna ganin cewa kalmar ghanima da ta zo a cikin ayar tana da ma'ana mai faɗi, wadda ta ƙunshi kowane irin riba da kuɗin shiga.[7]
A cewar wasu masu bincike, duk da cewa babu wani rahoto a cikin littattafan tarihi da ya nuna cewa an karɓi khumusin ribar sana'o'i da kasuwanci a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da Imam Ali (A.S),[8] malaman Shi'a suna ganin cewa wajibcin khumusi ya tabbata tun farkon Musulunci, amma an jinkirta aiwatar da shi saboda talaucin da Musulmi suke ciki a lokacin.[9]
Bisa ra'ayin malaman fikihu, ana biyan khumusin ribar sana'o'i da kasuwanci ne bayan shekara guda ta cika daga farkon shekarar khumusi.[10] Ita kuma shekarar khumusi tana farawa ne daga lokacin da mutum ya samu kuɗin shiga na farko ko kuma ya fara harkar tattalin arzikinsa.[11]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Mu'assasat Dairat al-Ma'arif al-Fiqh al-Islami, Farhang-e Fiqh Mutabiq Mazhab Ahl al-Bait, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 364.
- ↑ Qummi, Al-Ghayah al-Quṣwa, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 258; Makarim Shirazi, Anwar al-Faqahah: Littafin Khums da Anfal, shafi na 290.
- ↑ Hasanpur, Muta'allaq Khums Arbah al-Makasib ta Mutlaq Fa'ida, shafi na 56; Bani Hashimi Khomeini, Tawdih al-Masa'il Maraji, shafuffuka na 7–125; Bani Hashimi Khomeini, Risala-ye Tawdih al-Masa'il Maraji, shafuffuka na 468–498.
- ↑ Bani Hashim Khomeini, Tawḍiḥ al-Masa'il Maraji, hafi na 7–125.
- ↑ Qurtubi, al-Jami' li Ahkam al-Qur'an, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 1.
- ↑ Muntazari Najafabadi, Mabani Fiqhi Hukumat Islami, fassarar Salati da Shukuri, 1juzu'i na 6, shafi na 197.
- ↑ Tabarsi, Majma' al-Bayan, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 468; Musawi Golpaygani, Majma al-Masa'il, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 390.
- ↑ Muntazari Najafabadi, Mabani Fiqhi Hukumat Islami, fassarar Salati da Shukuri, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 142.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Anwar al-Faqaha: Kitab al-Khums wa al-Anfal, shafi na 291.
- ↑ Bani Hashimi Khomeini, Risala-ye Tawdih al-Masa'il Maraji, shafuffuka na 468–498.
- ↑ Bani Hashimi Khomeini, Risala-ye Tawdih al-Masa'il Maraji, shafuffuka na 468–498.
Nassoshi
- Bani Hashimi Khomeini, Sayyid Muhammad Hasan, Tawdih Al-Masa'il Maraji, Qom, Ofishin Buga Littattafan Musulunci na Jami'ar Malamai ta Hauzar Ilimi ta Qom, 1392Sh.
- Hasanpur, Dawud, Muta'allaq Khums: Az Arbah al-Makasib ta a Mutlaq Fa'ida, a cikin Mujallar Binciken Addini, lamba ta 33, kaka da hunturun 1395Sh.
- Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Anwar al-Fiqaha: Kitab al-Khums wa al-Anfal, Qom, Makarantar Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, 1416H.
- Mu'assasat Dairat al-Ma'arif al-Fiqh al-Islami, Farhang-e Fiqh Mutabiq Mazhab Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.), ƙarƙashin kulawar Sayyid Mahmud Hashimi Shahroudi, Qom, Cibiyar Kundin Ilimin Fiqhun Musulunci, 1382Sh.
- Muntazari Najafabadi, Husain Ali, Mabani Fiqhi Hukumat Islami, fassarar Mahmud Salawati da Abul Fadl Shukuri, Qom, Cibiyar Kayhan, 1409H.
- Musawi Golpaygani, Sayyid Muhammad Rida, Majma' al-Masa'il, Qom, Gidan al-Qur'an Mai Girma, 1409H.
- Qummi, Shaik Abbas, al-Ghaya al-Quswa fi Sharh al-'Urwa al-Wusƙa, Qom, Cibiyar Subh Piruzi, 1423Sh.
- Qurtubi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, al-Jami' li Ahkam al-Qur'an, Tehran, Mabugar Nasir Khusraw, 1364Sh.
- Tabarsi, Fadl bin Hassan, Majma' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Beirut, Cibiyar Al-A'lami ta Buga Littattafai., 1415H.