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Binne Gawa

Daga wikishia

Binne gawa, (Larabci: الدفن) ma'ana bizne mamaci cikin ƙasa. Binne gawa yana cikin wajibai kifa'i wanda ake yinsa bayan wanka, sanya likkafani da sallar gawa. Bisa riwayoyi falsafa da hikimar binne gawa ta kasance ne domin kiyaye alfarmar jana'izar Musulmi da hana cutar da mutane da kuma hana lalacewar gawar.

Hotan binne mamaci

Binne mamaci yana da ladubba da hukunce-hukunce ba'arinsu wajibi ne ba'ari kuma mustahabbi, daga jumla akwai talƙini (Laƙƙanawa mamaci kalmomi) da sallar daren binne mamaci.

Nazarin Ma'ana Da Matsayi

Ma'ad
Mutuwa
Numfashin Ƙarshe • Azra'il • Wankan gawa • Likkafani • Sallar gawa • Binne Jana'iza • Shahada
Barzahu
Daren Farko A Kabari • Tambayar Kabari • Nakir Da Munkar • Rayuwar Barzahu • Jikin Barzahu
Alƙiyama
Israfil • Ma'adul Jismani • Busa Ƙaho • Takardar Ayyuka • Siraɗi • Saharar Ranar Alƙiyama • As'habul Yamin • As'habul Shimal
Aljanna
Ƙofofin Aljanna • Hurul Ini • Kyawawan Samari Hadiman Aljanna • Yardar Allah • Ni'imomin Aljanna
Jahannama
Ƙofofin Jahannama • Matakan Jahannama • Zaƙƙum • Asfalus Safilin • Hawiya • Jahim • Gassaƙ
Ma'anoni Masu Dangantaka
Ceto • Jikkantuwar Ayyuka • Raƙib Da Atid • Tanasukh • Raja'a • Ruhu • Baƙiyatus Salihat

Binne gawa shi ne shigar da mamaci cikin ƙabari da yanayi da tsarin da dabbobin daji ba za su iya fito da shi waje ba, haka kuma warin gawar ba zai damu mutane da ba.[1] Binne gawa yana cikin wajibai kifa'i[2]An yi bayani filla-filla a sashen hukunce-hukuncen mamata a risalolin fiƙihu[3] ko litattafan jana'iza daga litattafan fiƙihu da hadisi[4]

Falsafa Da Hikima

Cikin hadisai, an bayyana hikimar binne gawa daga al'amura misalin kiyaye alfarmar ita gawar, hana bayyanar da lalacewar gangar jiki ga mutane, hana warin gawa da damun mutane da kuma hana zargin maƙiya da baƙin ciki da damuwar masoya.[5]Ƙabila bayan kashe Habila ya shiga cikin ɗimuwa da damuwa sakamakon bai san yadda zai yi da gawar Habila ba; da wannan ne Allah ya umarci Hankaku guda biyu suka yi faɗa da juna ɗaya ya kashe ɗaya, bayan nan sai ya haƙa rami ya binne shi.[6]

Hukunce-hukunce Na Wajibi

Ba'ari daga hukunce-hukunce na wajibi sune kamar haka:

  • Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, binne gawa wajibi ne ta kasance bayan wanka, tahniɗ (Shafa kafur a kan gaɓɓan sujjada) likkafani da sallar gawa.[7]
  • Wajibi ne a sanya mamaci cikin ƙabari kan kwiɓinsa na dama ya kuma kalli alƙibla.[8]
  • Wajibi a nemi izinin waliyyin mamaci lokacin binne shi.[9]
  • Ba ya halatta a binne Musulmi cikin maƙabartar kafirai haka shi ma kafiria maƙabartar Musulmi.[10]
  • Babu buƙatar yin niyyar neman kusancin Allah cikin binne gawa.[11]

Ladubba Da Mustahabbai

Cikin litattafan fiƙihu an ambaci wasu ladubba sa'ilin binne gawa, kafin da bayan binne ta. Daga jumla akwai:

  • Talƙini ga mamaci (Jijjiga kafaɗar mamaci tare da ambaton sunansa da kuma karanta zikiri na musamman)
  • A ajiye gawar a ƙasa kusa da ƙabari, a dinga ɗaga ta ana ajiye zuwa wasu adadi sannu-sannu har a shigar da shi cikin ƙabari
  • Karanta keɓantacciyar addu'a yayin shigar da mamaci cikin ƙabari
  • Idan gawar mace ce a shigar da ita ƙabari da kwiɓin kunkurunta, idan kuma namiji ne a shigar da ta ɓangaren kansa
  • A kwance igiyar da aka ɗaure likkafanin mamaci da ita, sannan a ɗora gefan fuskarsa kan ƙasa
  • A binne gawa a maƙabarta mafi kusa-kusa sai dai idan maƙabartar da take nesa tana da wata falala ta musamman misalin maƙabartar malamai da salihai ko kuma wuri ne na kai kawon mutane domin karanta addu'a ga mamata.
  • Ayyana wurin binne gawa da rubuta sunan mamaci a wurin
  • Aika abinci ga ahalin mamaci har zuwa kwanaki uku, kuma makaruhancin cin abincinsu
  • Yin sallar daren binne mamaci a daren farko a binne shi
  • Nuna jimami da tausaya ga ahalinsa[12]
  • Kai mamaci wurare masu tsarki kafin binne shi[13]
  • Haƙa lahad (Wani miƙaƙƙen rami ne da ake yinsa a ƙarshen ƙabari ɓangaren alƙibla) ana yinsa domin ka da ƙasa ta zuba kan jana'iza.[14]

Binne Gawa Na Wucin Gadi

Babban labari: Binne Gawa Na Wucin Gadi

Binne gawa na wucin gadi wata al'ada ce ta ƴanshi'a da galibi ake yinta da manufar samar da sharuɗɗa da yanayi na ɗaukar gawa akai ta wurare masu tsarki.[15] Ba'arin malaman fiƙihu kamar Sayyid Ali Sistani, yana ganin babu matsala a yin hakan idan bai zama keta alfarma ba ga mamaci.[16] Tare da haka, masshur na malaman fiƙihun Shi'a sun bayyana cewa fito da gawa bayan binne ta na wucin gadi idan ya zama ana lissafa shi a matsayin tone ƙabari bai halatta ba.[17] Domin kaucewa matsalar tone ƙabari bayan binne gawa na wucin gadi an samar da wasu hanyoyi wanda aka fi sani da (Bankwana da mamaci).[18]

Wasu adadin shahararrun mutane bisa dalilai daban-daban an binne su binnewa ta wucin gadi. Shaikh Mufid da farko an fara binne shi a gidansa, daga baya aka ɗauke shi zuwa Haramin Kazimaini.[19] Sayyid Murtada shi ma bayan wani lokaci daga binne shi a gidansa, an ɗauke shi an kai shi Haramin Imam Husaini (A.S).[20] Gawar Sayyid Hassan Nasrullah an binne ta binnewa ta wucin gadi a wani wuri da ba a bayyana shi ba, kafin kammala shirye-shirye jana'iza ta gama gari.[21] Haka nan gawar Amir Kabir da farko an binne ta a garin Kashan, amma bayan watanni bisa ƙoƙarin matarsa sai aka kai shi Karbala.[22]

Hukuncin Waɗanda Suke Mutuwa A Cikin Teku

Idan wani mutum ya rasu a kan jirgin ruwa kuma ba za a iya jira a kawo gawarsa kan ƙasa ba; saboda kafin zuwa kan doran ƙasa gawar za ta lalace. Cikin wannan hali bayan gama yi masa wanka da likkafani da yi masa sallar gawa da keɓantattun ladubba za a wurga shi cikin teku. Haka nan idan akwai barazanar cewa maƙiya za su zou su tone ƙabarinsa nan ma za a iya wurga mamaci cikin teku.[23]

Haramcin Tone Ƙabari

Malaman Shi'a sun haramta tone ƙabari, na'am za a iya tonewa idan ya zama an binne shi a fili ko da likkafani na ƙwace, ba tare da wanka ko yi masa likkafani ba ko kuma ba a yi wanka da sanya likkafani daidai ba, ko tabbatar da wani haƙƙi da ya dogara da ganin gangar jikin mamaci[24] Bai halatta ba a binne mamaci a wuri da zai janyo keta alfarmarsa (Misalin binne musulmi a maƙabartar kafirai).[25]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuathƙa, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 112-113.
  2. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuathƙa, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 32.
  3. ↑ Misali, duba Makarem Shirazi, Risale-i Tauzihul-al-Mas’il, 1429ƙ, shafi na. 96.
  4. ↑ Misali, duba Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1407ƙ, juzu’i na 14. 3, shafi na 111-264; Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 1387ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 174.
  5. ↑ Misali, duba Hurru amili, Wasa’il al-Shi’a, 1409ƙ, juzu’i. 3, shafi. 141.
  6. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh- al-Umam wal-Muluk, 1387ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 138; duba Suratul Ma'idah aya ta 31.
  7. ↑ Misali, duba Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, 1362SH, juzu'i. 4, shafi na 118-263.
  8. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthƙa, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 113.
  9. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthƙa, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 115.
  10. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthƙa, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 115.
  11. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthƙa, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 114.
  12. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthƙa, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 118-125.
  13. ↑ Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, 1362SH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 344.
  14. ↑ Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, 1362SH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 301.
  15. ↑ Ahmari, Barrasi Fiƙhi Hukme Intikale Amwate Beh Mashahid Musharrafa Jihhate Tadfin, shafi. 71.
  16. ↑ ««توضیح المسائل، احکام دفن»». Ayatullah Sistani's website.
  17. ↑ Shahid Thani, Rawd al-Jinan, 1402ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 854.
  18. ↑ Isfahani, Wasilat al-Najāt, 1422ƙ, shafi. 86.
  19. ↑ Najashi, Rizal al-Najashi, 1365SH, shafi. 403.
  20. ↑ Ahmari, Barrasi Fiƙhi Hukme Intikale Amwate Beh Mashahid Musharrafa Jihhate Tadfin, shafi. 92.
  21. ↑ Khadir، «خاکسپاری موقت پیکر سید حسن نصرالله»، Asre Iran
  22. ↑ «۲۰ دی‌ماه، سالروز قتل میرزا تقی‌خان امیرکبیر»، Kungiyar Rukunin Tarihi da Laburare ta Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.
  23. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuathƙai, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 113-114.
  24. ↑ Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, 1362SH, juzu'i. 4, shafi na 353-359.
  25. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthƙa, 1419ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 135.

Nassoshi

  • Ahmari, Hossein, Barrasi Fiƙhi Hukme Intiƙale Amwate Beh Mashahid Musharrafe Jihhate Tadfin, Jaridar Binciken Hajji da Aikin Hajji, Shekara ta 8, fitowa ta 22, Fall 1402ƙ.
  • ««توضیح المسائل، احکام دفن.» (Sharhin mas'alolin: hukunce-hukuncen jana’iza) Gidan yanar gizon Ayatullah Sistani, ranar da aka duba: 2 ga Yuni, 2025M."
  • Hurrul Amili, Wasa'il shi'a, Ƙum, Cibiyar Al-Bait, 1409ƙ.
  • Shahid Thani, Zayn al-Din ibn Ali, Rawd al-Jinan fi Sharh Irshad al-Azhan, Ƙum,Buga littattafai na Ofishin Talla na Addini., bugu na farko, 1402ƙ.
  • Tabatabai Yazdi, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim, Al-Urwa al-Wuthƙa, Beirut, 1404ƙ/1984M.
  • Tabari, Muhammad bn Jarir, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, wanda Muhammad Abul-Fadl Ibrahim ya yi bincike, a Beirut, Darul-Turat, bugu na biyu, 1387ƙ/1967M.
  • Tusi, Muhammad bn Hassan, Al-Mabsut fi fiƙhi al-Imamiyah, Muhammad Taƙi Kashfi, Muhammad Baƙir Mahmoudi, Tehran, Ofishin al-Murtazawiyya lahya al-Athar al-Ja'fariyyah, 1387SH.
  • Makarim Shirazi, Nasser, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il, Ƙum, mazhabar Imam Ali bn Abi Talib, bugu na hamsin da biyu, 1429ƙ.
  • Najashi, Ahmad bn Ali, Rijal Najashi, (Jerin Sunayen Marubuta Shi'a), Ƙum, Ofishin Daba'ar Musulunci, bugu na shida, 1365SH.
  • Najafi, Muhammad Hassan bn Baƙir, Jawaher al-Kalam Fi Sharhi Shara'i Islam, wanda Abbas Ƙuchani ya yi bincike a Beirut, Mawallafar gidan Hayya al-Turaht al-Arabi, 1362SH.
  • «سالروز قتل میرزا تقی خان امیرکبیر»،», (20Watan Dey, ranar tunawa da kisan Mirza Taƙi Khan Amir Kabir) Hukumar Takardun Tarihi da Laburare ta Kasa ta Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, ranar da aka duba: 2 ga Yuni, 2025M.

Sadarwa Ta Waje

(Kundin Ilmin Duniyar Musulunci, shigarwa kan 'Binne gawa)

(Babban Kundin Ilmin Musulunci, shigarwa kan 'Binne gawa)

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