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Maƙabarta

Daga wikishia

Maƙabarta (Larabci: المقبرة ) guri ne da ake binne mamata, a Musulinci ita maƙabarta guri ne da ake girmamawa, kazalika zuwa maƙabarta, wata sunna ce da ta yaɗu a tsakanin Musulmi. Bisa abin da ya zo a riwayoyi maƙabartar Wadis Salam da take Najaf tana da matsayi na masamman da falala ta masamman a gurin Musulmi kan sauran maƙabartu, kamar yadda wasu daga cikin maƙabartu na Musulmi irinsu Baƙi'a da Mu'alla da Babus Sagir da Takte Fulad da Shaikan su ma sanannu ne kuma sun shahara. A addinin Musulinci an ambaci hukunce-hukunce da ladubba waɗanda suka keɓanta da maƙabarta, daga cikinsu akwai yin sallama ga mamata da kiyaye girman maƙabarta da kula da tsaftar ta, da rashin halaccin binne kafirai a maƙabartar Musulmi.

Ma'ana Da Muhimmancin Maƙabarta

Maƙabarta guri ne da ake binne mamata kuma guri ne da ya ƙunshi kabarurruka,[1] a koyarwa ta addini maƙabarta guri ne mai girma[2] wasu maƙabartu a musulinci suna da matsayi na masamman kamar Baƙi'a[3] da Wadis Salam[4] Ƴanshi'a su na fifita binne mamatansu a kusa da kabarin Imam Ali (A.S) da ƴaƴanshi (A.S)[5] kuma ana kiran maƙabarta da Al-madafan da al-jabbana.[6]

Shahararrun Maƙabartu

Akwai wasu sananun maƙabartu a gun Musulmi da wasu a gun Ƴanshi'a ga wasu daga cikin kamar haka;

  • Maƙabartar Wadis Salam: maƙabarta ce babba a tarihi wadda take garin Najaf, wannan maƙabarta ta na da muhimmanci sosai a gun ƴanshi'a sakamakon hadisan da suka ambaci falalar ta, kuma akwai kabarin annabawa guda biyu, Hudu (A.S) da Salihu (A.S)[7]
  • Maƙabartar Baƙi'a; wannan ita ce maƙabarta mafi daɗewa a Musulinci, wannan maƙabarta tana garin Madina kusa da masallacin Annabi (S.A.W)[8] An binne Imaman Shi'a guda huɗu a ciki, sune Imam Hassan Mujtaba (A.S) da Imam Zainul Abidin (A.S) da Imam Muhammad Baƙir (A.S),da Imam Jafar Sadiƙ (A.S).[9]
  • Maƙabartar Wadil Aiman (Karbala); tsohuwar maƙabarta ce a garin Karbala,wannan maƙabarta tana kudu masu yamma na haramin Abbas (A.S), amma da kaɗan-kaɗan sai wani sashen ta ya koma unguwa da mutane ke rayuwa, amma ba'arin da ya yi saura yana gefan titin Najaf, kuma an san ta da Wadil Ƙadim ko Wadis Safa.
  • Maƙabartar Mu'alla: maƙabarta ce mai tarihi wace take a arewa masu Yamma da garin Makka,[10] an binne kakanin Manzon Allah Muhammad (S.A.W) kamar Abdul-Manaf da Hashim da Abdul-muɗɗalib.[11]
  • Maƙabartar Babus Sagir: Tsohuwar maƙabarta ce kuma mai muhimmanci a Dimashƙi, ta ƙunshi wasu ƴanƴan Imamai da sahabbai da tabi'ai,[12] tarihin ta ya samo asali ne tin lokacin da Muslunci ya je ƙasar Sham, kuma a kusa da wannan maƙabarta akwai maƙami na kan shahidai(Guri ne da aka binne kawukan shahidan Karbala) kuma hakan ne ya ƙarawa wannan maƙabarta muhimmanci.[13]
  • Maƙabartar Ibn Babawaihi: maƙabarta ce babba mai tarihi wacce take garin Rayyu a Iran, an samar da ita tin lokacin Fatah Ali Shah Ƙajar.[14]
  • Maƙabartar Darus-Salam (Shirazi): wannan maƙabarta tana ɗaya daga cikin maƙabartu masu tarihi a Iran, wacce take cikin garin Shirazi, wannan maƙabarta an samar da ita tin a ƙarni na 3 da 4 hijira, akwai ruwayoyi daban-daban kan sunan wannan maƙabarta, amma wani ba'arinta ana kiran shi da Siffatu Turbat.
  • Maƙabartar Shaikhani: wacce take a garin Ƙum, wacce aka binne malaman hadisi guda biyu a cikinta, Zakariyya Bin Idris da Zakariyya Bin Adam, saboda haka ake kiranta da maƙabartar Shaikhani.[15]
  • Sabuwar Maƙabarta: a shekara ta 1929m, an rushe maƙabartar Babilan da umarnin gwamnatin Pahlawi ta farko, bayan haka sai aka samar da wata sabuwar maƙabarta a ƙarƙashin kulawar Abdul-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi sai ake jingina maƙabartar gare shi.
  • Maƙabartar Takti Fulad: tsohuwar maƙabarta ce a garin Isfahan kuma tana daga cikin gurare na tarihi da al'adu a Iran sakamakon abin da yake cikin wannan maƙabarta na fitattun mutane da gini na tarihi.[16]
  • Beheshiti Zahra: maƙabarta ce babba a kudancin Tehran, an samar da ita a shekara 1970m, a wani tsari na samar da maƙabartu a cikin babban birni tarayya na Tehran, wannan maƙabarta da kaɗan-kaɗan ta faɗaɗa.[17]
  • Maƙabartar Wadis Salam ta Ƙum: maƙabarta ce a cikin garin Ƙum a titin da ake kira da KHakE Faraj, an samar da wannan maƙabarta a shekara ta 1951m, zuwa 1961m, a lokacin mulkin Pahlawi na biyu.
  • Maƙabartar Halsanki; wannan ita ce maƙabarta ta Musulmi mafi daɗewa a garin Iskandinafiya a garin Hilsanki babban birnin tarayya na ƙasar Finlan, an gina ta a shekara ta 1870m, a cikin wannan maƙabarta ba a binne wanda ba musulmi ba.[18]

Hukunce-hukunce Da Ladubban Maƙabarta A Musulinci

A cikin nassoshi na Musulinci akwai hukunce-hukunce da ladubba na ziyartar maƙabarta; daga cikinsu akwai yi wa mamata sallama, da kiyaye alfarma da tsarkin ta, kuma ba a binne kafirai a maƙabartar Musulmi.[19]

  • Yin sallama ga mamata; Allama Majlisi ya naƙalto hadisi a cikin Biharul Al-Anwar cewa yayin ziyarar muminai a maƙabarta, Imam Ali (A.S) ya karanta wannan addu'ar:
    بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم السلام على أهل لا إله إلا الله من أهل لا إله إلا الله، يا أهل لا إله إلا الله، بحق لا إله إلا الله كيف وجدتم قول لا إله إلا الله، من لا إله إلا الله، يا لا إله إلا الله، بحق لا إله إلا الله، اغفر لمن قال لا إله إلا الله، واحشرنا في زمرة من قال لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله، علي ولي الله

Sai ya ce ni na ji Manzon Allah (S.A.W) yana cewa duk wanda ya karanta wannan addu'a Allah zai ba shi ladan shekara hamsin, zai yafe mi shi zunubi na shekara hamsi kazalika iyayanshi.[20]

Ƴanshi'a yayin ziyara a maƙabartar Arak ta qasar Iran a ranar Alhamis ta ƙarshen shekarar kalandar Farsi.shekarar 2020 miladiyya[21]
  • Kiyaye tsaftar maƙabarta da tsarkin ta da alfarmar ta; Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi ya faɗa a cikin littafinshi Urwatul Wusƙa cewa daga cikin abubuwa da suke makaruhi ne a maƙabarta akwai misalin sanya ko datti, najasa da kyakyacewa da dariya a cikinta da yin tafiya kan kabari.[22]
  • Rashin sabunta ginin maƙabarta idan alamarshi ta ɓace: wasu malaman fiƙihu su na ganin karhancin sake gina kaburbura idan alama ta ɓace, sai dai ana iya sake gina a wani yanayi na masamman, kamar idan ya zamo kabarin na annabawa ne ko na Imamai da malamai da mutanan kirki.[23]
  • Haramcin binne kafirai a maƙabartar Musulmi: Bisa fatawar malamai ya haramta a binne wanda ba musulmi ba a cikin maƙabartar Musulmi.[24]

Ziyarar Mamata

Kai ziyara maƙabarta al'ada ce da aka saba da ita a garuruwan Musulmi, kamar Iran masammama a ranar Alhamis da Jumu'a, daga cikin ladubba da mutane suke yi idan sun kai ziyara a maƙabartu, akwai karanta suratul Fatiha, da karanta kur'ani da wanke kabari da tsaftace shi da kunna kyandir[25] Ayatullahi Jafar Subhani yana cewa kai ziyara ga Annabi (S.A.W)da iyalan gidanshi da muminai a maƙabarta yana cikin asasin al'adun Musulinci.[26]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Al-Farahidi, Al-Khalil bin Ahmad, Kitab al-Ain, Bab al-Qaf Wa al-Ra'u Wa al-Ba'u, Dar al-Hilal, [D.T.].
  2. ↑ Attifi، «احترام قبور علماء الدين من سيرة الآئمة الأربعة لأهل السنة»،Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Shabestan.
  3. ↑ Jafar, Asarul Islamiyya Fi Makka Wal Madina, 1390, shafi na 353-356.
  4. ↑ Abd al-Sahib al-Muzaffar, Wadi al-Salam Fi Al-Najaf, Min Ausa Maqabir, shafi na. 1
  5. ↑ Bahr al-Uloom, "Tarikhu Intiqal Al-jana'izi Ilal Al-Atbatil Muqaddasa (Madina Karbala)", shafi na 1.
  6. ↑ Al-Baalbaki, al-Mawrid al-Hadith, shafi. 508.
  7. ↑ Abd al-Saheb al-Muzaffar, Wadi al-Salam Fil Al-Najaf, Min Ausa Maqabr, shafi na. 1.
  8. ↑ Rif'at Basha, Mir'atul al-Haramein, 1377, shafi. 447.
  9. ↑ Jafar, Asarul Islamiyya Fi Makka Wal Madina, 1390, shafi na 353-356.
  10. ↑ Qa'idan, At-Tarikh Wal Asaril Islamiyya Fi Makka Wal Madina, 1384, shafi. 129.
  11. ↑ Al-Azraqi, Kitab Akhbar Makkah, Sharrafahallahu Ta'ala Wa Maja'a Fiha Minal Asar, shafi na. 433.
  12. ↑ Yaqut al-Hamawi, Mu'jam al-Buldan, 1995 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 468.
  13. ↑ Al-Fihri, Maraqid Ahlil-Baiti, 1428 Hijira, shafi na 39-40.
  14. ↑ Al-Mansouri, Marifatil Awamil Almu'assir Fi Stahakkulil Maqabir Attarikhiyya, shafi na. 22.
  15. ↑ Ahmadiyya, Sheikhan Qum, 2003, shafi na 32-35.
  16. ↑ Turki, Daurul Maqabir Fit Takhɗiɗ Litaɗwir Wa Numuwwis Siyahiyya DIniyya Kanamuzaj Iƙtisadi Mutamayyiz: Tahta Fulad FI Isfahan Namuzajan. shafi na 56.
  17. ↑ Khawari, Beheshti Zahra (S), shafi na 822.
  18. ↑ «القمر والنجمة.. سمات أقدم مقبرة للمسلمين في إسكندنافيا»Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Shabestan.
  19. ↑ Tabatabai Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthqa, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 128; Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 99, shafi. 301.
  20. ↑ Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 99, shafi. 301.
  21. ↑ «آخر خميس سنة 1399ش - مقبرة أراك»، Kamfanin dillancin labaran Isna.
  22. ↑ Tabatabai Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthqa, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 128
  23. ↑ Tabatabai Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthqa, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 128
  24. ↑ Agaye Babaei Bani,«تأمل في تفريق قبور المسلمين عن قبور غير المسلمين»،Shafi na 1
  25. ↑ «ذكرى الراحلين؛ تقليد إيراني قيّم/ بعض معتقدات آخر خميس من كل عام»، وكالة أخبار مهر.
  26. ↑ Al-Sabhani, Manshur Aƙa'idil Imamaiyya, 1376, shafi. 254.

Nassoshi

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Anuri, Hassan, Ma'jam Kalam al-Kabeer, Tehran, Sokhon Publications, 2013.

  • Bahr al-Uloom, Mohammad Mahdi, "Tarikh Intiaqale Aljana'iz Ilal Al-Atbat Al-muqaddasa (Madinatu Karbala)", a cikin Mujallar Ma'jam al-Ziyarah, zama na 8, fitowa ta 33, ga Disamba, 1396.
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